CN112903543B - Light scattering-based aerosol particle ellipticity measurement method and system - Google Patents
Light scattering-based aerosol particle ellipticity measurement method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for measuring ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering, and belongs to the field of detection of morphological characteristics of aerosol particles. The aerosol particles are equivalent to a rotational ellipsoid, the physical parameter of ellipticity is introduced, the shape characteristics of the particles are quantified by the length-width ratio and the length of the semi-minor axis of the particles, the shape characteristics of the particles can be greatly enriched without losing general universality, the aerosol particles are beneficial to refining the particle size and concentration measurement of the aerosol Sott mean value, and the aerosol particles can be applied to related calculation in multiple fields. The invention realizes the matching of the scattering intensity ratios under multiple scattering angles based on the difference of the front and back light scattering intensity characteristics of aerosol particles with different shapes, can jointly examine multiple angle ratios for complex particles, matches a group of length-width ratios and half-short axis lengths which describe the most appropriate particle morphology, and obtains the equivalent surface area and volume of the aerosol particles through matching, thereby having universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aerosol particle morphology characteristic detection, and particularly relates to a light scattering-based aerosol particle ellipticity measuring method and system.
Background
The aerosol particle characteristic measurement has important application in the aspects of environmental pollution treatment research, industrial product quality assessment, respiratory disease diagnosis and the like. Aerosol particles in nature are often irregular, and the particle morphology is usually closely related to the components and sources thereof, so that the types and properties of the particles can be visually characterized. For example, the non-pure carbon element generated by incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuel has obvious morphological characteristics, mainly including chain-like and relatively coarse smoke dust aggregates, and the like, while the smoke dust generated by automobile exhaust is mostly fluffy, and the coal-fired fly ash is generally spherical. In the machining industry, the particle morphology of the welding aerosol can reflect whether the temperature during machining is suitable. In medical diagnosis, bacteria are generally divided into spherical, rod-shaped and spiral shapes, and the shapes of the bacteria are rapidly and accurately identified, so that the bacteria are also the basis for selecting a corresponding diagnosis and treatment scheme.
Furthermore, even in some measurements where it is not necessary to distinguish between aerosol constituents, such as monitoring of power plant emissions PM2.5 and PM10, the measured surface or volume concentration of particulate matter is theoretically related to particle shape. Especially for the calculation of the most common sauter mean particle size in particulate matter measurements, the national standard GB/T15445.2-2006/ISO 9276-2:2001 states that for non-spherical particles, a shape factor should be added in the calculation. However, due to the imperfect theoretical studies, the shape of the particles needs to be collected and observed under an electron microscope. The method for sampling and detecting firstly has the defects of multiple steps, complex operation, limited sample collection quantity, high aerosol diffusion rate, real-time change of particle morphology due to factors such as physical attenuation and the like in the diffusion process, and the detection method based on sampling cannot be applied to the online monitoring of the environmental quality. Therefore, in the existing aerosol online measurement, the particle shape is often ignored, and the particle shape is directly regarded as a spherical particle to carry out aerosol characteristic parameter measurement, which undoubtedly has a large error.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks and needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for measuring ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering, which aims to obtain shapes of aerosol particles quickly and efficiently.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light scattering-based aerosol particle ovality measurement method, comprising:
s1, constructing a surface area matrix S of KXN aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×N(ii) a Wherein, the ellipticity proportion of the aerosol particles is K, and the length of the lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticity is N;
s2, when the wavelength of incident light is lambda, establishing a ratio matrix of scattering light intensity of the KxN aerosol particles at a backward scattering angle and scattering light intensity of the KxN aerosol particles at a forward scattering angle respectively; the combination of backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle is at least two;
s3, emitting incident light with the wavelength of lambda to a measuring area, interacting with aerosol particles to be measured, and receiving backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals from multiple angles; the combination of the forward scattered light signal and the backward scattered light signal is at least two;
s4, matching the light intensity ratio of the received backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals with the data in the ratio matrix of the step S2, searching for the best matching result, inverting the ellipticity and the length of the semi-short axis of the aerosol particles to be detected, and corresponding the inverted result to the matrix SK×N、VK×NAnd acquiring the surface area and volume data of the aerosol particles to be detected.
Further, K is more than or equal to 8.
Further, the ellipticity ratios of the aerosol particles are 1:1, 2:1 and … K:1 respectively.
Further, N is more than or equal to 10.
Further, the N kinds of semi-minor axis lengths are uniformly distributed.
Further, the incident light with the wavelength λ is a light source with any wavelength in the range from ultraviolet to infrared.
Further, in step S3, a plurality of light sources are disposed at different positions to sequentially emit light to illuminate the measurement area in a time-division multiplexing manner.
Further, matching the received signal with the data in the ratio matrix of step S2 by using a least square method, and finding the best matching result.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a light scattering-based aerosol particle ovality measurement system, including: the system comprises a light source, a photoelectric detector and a data processing unit;
the light source is used for emitting incident light with the wavelength of lambda to the measuring area and interacting with aerosol particles to be measured;
a photodetector for receiving the backscattered light signals and the forward scattered light signals from a plurality of angles; the combination of the forward scattered light signal and the backward scattered light signal is at least two;
data processing unit, storeSurface area matrix S with K N aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×NAnd when the wavelength of the incident light is lambda, a ratio matrix of the scattering light intensity of the KXN aerosol particles at a backward scattering angle and the scattering light intensity at a forward scattering angle respectively; the method is used for matching the light intensity ratio of the received backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals with the data in the ratio matrix of the step S2, finding the best matching result, inverting the ellipticity and the semi-minor axis length of the aerosol particles to be detected, and corresponding the inverted result to the matrix SK×N、VK×NAcquiring surface area and volume data of aerosol particles to be detected; wherein, the ellipticity proportion of the aerosol particles is K, and the length of the lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticity is N; there are at least two combinations of backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle.
In general, the above technical solutions contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art.
(1) The invention provides a new method for describing the physical properties of aerosol particles, namely the aerosol particles are equivalent to a rotational ellipsoid, the physical parameter of ellipticity is introduced, the shape characteristics of the particles are quantified by the length-width ratio and the length of the semiminor axis of the particles, the shape characteristics of the particles can be greatly enriched without losing the general universality, the method is favorable for refining the particle size and the concentration measurement of the Sorte mean value of the aerosol, and the method can be applied to relevant calculation in multiple fields.
(2) The invention realizes the matching of the scattering intensity ratios under multiple scattering angles based on the difference of the front and back light scattering intensity characteristics of aerosol particles with different shapes, can jointly examine multiple angle ratios for complex particles, matches a group of length-width ratios and half-short axis lengths which describe the most appropriate particle morphology, and obtains the equivalent surface area and volume of the aerosol particles through matching, thereby having universality.
(3) The invention is suitable for light sources with any wavelength in the range from ultraviolet to infrared bands, can be flexibly selected by matching with a measurement environment in practical application, and can effectively avoid the influence of natural light on the light sources with the ultraviolet and infrared bands.
(4) The invention designs a measuring system of the ovality of the aerosol particles based on the method, the system has simple optical structure, low hardware complexity and low operation cost, adopts common optical and circuit elements as devices, has good portability, and can even be embedded into the existing optical aerosol particle measuring equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring ovality of an aerosol in real time based on light scattering characteristics, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the ratio change rule of the backward scattering 110 degrees and the forward scattering 50 degrees and 40 degrees of particles with different semiminor axis lengths and the aspect ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1 and 8:1 respectively;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an aerosol ovality measurement system;
fig. 4 is a pictorial diagram of a system designed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a light scattering-based method for measuring ovality of aerosol particles, comprising:
s1, constructing a surface area matrix S of KXN aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×N(ii) a Wherein, the ellipticity proportion of the aerosol particles is K, and the length of the lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticity is N;
the aspect ratio, i.e. ovality, of the aerosol particles is assumed to be 1:1, 2:1, … K: 1; length D of lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticityj(j ═ 1...., N), the elements in the surface and volume matrices are calculated as follows:
Si,jand Vi,jRespectively, surface area matrix S of aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×NRow i and column j, i represents the aspect ratio of the particles (length of semimajor axis to length of semiminor axis of ellipsoid of revolution), i is 1,2,3 …, K;
experiments prove that 8 ovalities are adopted, namely particles in various shapes from spherical to elongated chain shapes can be represented, 10 different semi-minor axis lengths are arranged under each ovality, fine particles (namely PM2.5) with the particle size of 100nm to 2500nm can be fully covered, and for convenience of operation, 8 ovalities with the length-width ratios of 1:1, … and 8:1 are constructed in the embodiment of the invention, and 80 particles with the semi-minor axis lengths of 100nm, 200nm, … and 1000nm are respectively constructed under each ovality.
S2, when the wavelength of incident light is lambda, establishing a ratio matrix of scattering light intensity of the KxN aerosol particles at a backward scattering angle and scattering light intensity of the KxN aerosol particles at a forward scattering angle respectively;
FIG. 2 is a matrix value distribution of 2 sets of ratios at 100 backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle of 40 and 50 forward scattering angle for particles with 8 ovalities and semi-minor axis lengths of 100nm, 200nm, … and 1000nm, respectively, and with aspect ratios of 1:1, … and 8: 1.
The wavelength lambda of the incident light can be applied in the range from ultraviolet to infrared, and can be flexibly selected according to the actual measurement requirement; the combination of backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle is at least two, i.e. the ratio matrix has at least two RK×NAnd R'K×N(ii) a On the premise that actual operation is feasible, the more the backward scattering angle and the forward scattering angle are, the better the number is, so that complex particles can be matched in the subsequent process;
in the embodiment of the invention, the wavelength of the incident light is 1550nm, which is respectively set up at the scattering angle theta3、θ4、θ5、θ6、θ7、θ 86 types of backscattering light intensity and scattering angle theta of 100 degrees, … degrees and 150 degrees respectively1、θ212 ratio matrices of 2 forward scattered intensities of 40 ° and 50 °, respectively
Wherein e isi,j(θ1),ei,j(θ2),ei,j(θ3),ei,j(θ4),ei,j(θ5),ei,j(θ6),ei,j(θ7),ei,j(θ8) Respectively, the length-width ratio of the incident light with the wavelength of lambda 1550nm is i:1, and the length of the semiminor axis is DjAt theta of particulate matter1、…、θ8The intensity of the scattered light obtained for these 8 scattering directions can be calculated according to the DDA discrete dipole method.
S3, emitting incident light with the wavelength of lambda to a measuring area, interacting with aerosol particles to be measured, and receiving backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals from multiple angles; the combination of the forward scattered light signal and the backward scattered light signal is at least two;
as shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, a single wavelength λ 1550nm laser is used as a light source to emit incident light to a measurement area, where the incident light interacts with non-spherical aerosol particles to be measured, and the wavelength is a near-infrared band, so that interference of natural light in a measurement environment can be effectively avoided;
the invention can also adopt a plurality of light sources which are placed at different positions to sequentially emit light to irradiate the measuring area in a time division multiplexing mode, and the receiving angles of the photoelectric detectors relative to each light source are different, so that the number of scattering angles is multiplied while the number of the photoelectric detectors is not changed; a plurality of photoelectric detectors can be adopted for receiving the scattered light intensity to acquire more information quantity; a diaphragm and an optical filter can be arranged in front of the photoelectric detector so as to eliminate stray light and avoid the influence of ambient light.
S4, matching the ratio of the received backward scattering light signals to the forward scattering light signals with the data in the ratio matrix of the step S2, searching for the best matching result, inverting the ellipticity and the length of the semi-short axis of the aerosol particles to be detected, and corresponding the inverted result to the matrix SK×N、VK×NAnd acquiring the surface area and volume data of the aerosol particles to be detected.
The actually measured light intensity signal data can be smoothed and then matched, so that the system measurement error is effectively reduced; when actually measured light intensity signal data are matched with the ratio matrix, a least square method, a regularization iteration method and even a deep learning neural network method can be adopted, wherein the least square method is more convenient and faster to calculate; therefore, the embodiment of the invention adopts a least square method to search
Elements of the matrix
Ratio to received signal
The closest set i, j.
According to the formula, the ovality of the particles to be measured is i:1, and the length of the semiminor axis is DjSurface area SjVolume is Vj。
The invention is suitable for describing the shape of any irregularly-shaped particle, takes a rotational ellipsoid as a reference and describes the three-dimensional characteristics of the particle.
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a light scattering-based aerosol particle ovality measurement system, including: the system comprises a light source, a photoelectric detector and a data processing unit;
the light source is used for emitting incident light with the wavelength of lambda to the measuring area and interacting with aerosol particles to be measured; a photodetector for receiving the backscattered light signals and the forward scattered light signals from a plurality of angles; the combination of the forward scattered light signal and the backward scattered light signal is at least two; a data processing unit for storing surface area matrix S of KXN aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×NAnd when the wavelength of the incident light is lambda, a ratio matrix of the scattering light intensity of the KXN aerosol particles at a backward scattering angle and the scattering light intensity at a forward scattering angle respectively; the method is used for matching the ratio of the received backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals with the data in the ratio matrix of the step S2, searching the best matching result, inverting the ellipticity and the semi-short axis length of the aerosol particles to be detected, and corresponding the inverted result to the matrix SK×N、VK×NAcquiring surface area and volume data of aerosol particles to be detected; wherein, the ellipticity proportion of the aerosol particles is K, and the length of the lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticity is N; there are at least two combinations of backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring the ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a surface area matrix S of KXN aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×N(ii) a Wherein, the ellipticity proportion of the aerosol particles is K, and the length of the lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticity is N;
s2, when the wavelength of incident light is lambda, establishing a ratio matrix of scattering light intensity of the KxN aerosol particles at a backward scattering angle and scattering light intensity of the KxN aerosol particles at a forward scattering angle respectively; the combination of backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle is at least two;
s3, emitting incident light with the wavelength of lambda to a measuring area, interacting with aerosol particles to be measured, and receiving backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals from multiple angles; the combination of the forward scattered light signal and the backward scattered light signal is at least two;
s4, matching the light intensity ratio of the received backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals with the data in the ratio matrix of the step S2, searching for the best matching result, inverting the ellipticity and the length of the semi-short axis of the aerosol particles to be detected, and corresponding the inverted result to the matrix SK×N、VK×NAnd acquiring the surface area and volume data of the aerosol particles to be detected.
2. The method for measuring the ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering according to claim 1, wherein K is greater than or equal to 8.
3. The method for measuring the ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering according to claim 2, wherein the ovality ratio of the aerosol particles is 1:1, 2:1 and … K: 1.
4. The method for measuring the ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering according to claim 2, wherein N is greater than or equal to 10.
5. A light scattering based aerosol particle ovality measurement method as claimed in claim 4 wherein N semi-minor axis lengths are evenly distributed.
6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the incident light of wavelength λ is a source of light of any wavelength in the range from the ultraviolet to the infrared.
7. The method for measuring ovality of aerosol particles based on light scattering according to claim 1, wherein step S3 is to sequentially irradiate the measuring region with light by using a plurality of light sources disposed at different positions in a time division multiplexing manner.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the least square method is used to match the received signal with the data in the ratio matrix of step S2 to find the best matching result.
9. An aerosol particle ovality measurement system based on light scattering, comprising: the system comprises a light source, a photoelectric detector and a data processing unit;
the light source is used for emitting incident light with the wavelength of lambda to the measuring area and interacting with aerosol particles to be measured;
a photodetector for receiving the backscattered light signals and the forward scattered light signals from a plurality of angles; the combination of the forward scattered light signal and the backward scattered light signal is at least two;
a data processing unit for storing surface area matrix S of KXN aerosol particlesK×NAnd volume matrix VK×NAnd when the wavelength of the incident light is lambda, a ratio matrix of the scattering light intensity of the KXN aerosol particles at a backward scattering angle and the scattering light intensity at a forward scattering angle respectively; the method is used for matching the light intensity ratio of the received backward scattering light signals and forward scattering light signals with data in a stored ratio matrix, searching the best matching result, inverting the ellipticity and the semi-minor axis length of the aerosol particles to be detected, and corresponding the inverted result to the matrix SK×N、VK×NAcquiring surface area and volume data of aerosol particles to be detected; wherein, the ellipticity proportion of the aerosol particles is K, and the length of the lower semi-minor axis of each ellipticity is N; there are at least two combinations of backward scattering angle and forward scattering angle.
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