CN113551588A - Resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113551588A CN113551588A CN202110850572.9A CN202110850572A CN113551588A CN 113551588 A CN113551588 A CN 113551588A CN 202110850572 A CN202110850572 A CN 202110850572A CN 113551588 A CN113551588 A CN 113551588A
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible sensors, and particularly discloses a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the structure of the sensor comprises an upper protective layer, a sensitive element and a lower protective layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; the lead is respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the sensitive element; the sensitive element is made of carbon fiber prepreg. The resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is strong in elasticity, high in sensitivity, strong in controllability and strong in anti-interference capability, can adjust sensitivity and working range, and is low in manufacturing difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible sensors, in particular to a resistance type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The resistance type strain sensor is a sensor for measuring the deformation of an object by changing the resistance element in the sensor, and can be used in the fields of human-computer interaction, medical health and the like. For example, the strain sensors are arranged at joints of a human body to detect the bending condition of the joints, the strain sensors are pasted at different joints, and corresponding joint bending signals can be transmitted to the processor, so that the processor is helped to identify human body movement, and man-machine interaction is realized.
In the prior art, the traditional rigid resistance type strain sensor mostly uses metal and semiconductor as a resistance element, and has the advantages of reliability, simple manufacture, low cost and the like. However, the sensor has low sensitivity coefficient and low anti-interference capability, and is difficult to accurately measure the micro strain. And the rigid sensor has a limited application in the wearable field due to its poor deformability. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor which is high in elasticity, sensitivity and interference resistance and can adjust the sensitivity and the working range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of poor controllability and anti-interference capability, difficulty in adjusting the working range and sensitivity of the conventional resistance-type flexible strain sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor comprises an upper protective layer, a sensitive element, a lower protective layer and a lead, wherein the upper protective layer, the sensitive element, the lower protective layer and the lead are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
wherein, the lead is respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the sensitive element;
wherein, the sensitive element is made of carbon fiber prepreg.
Optionally, the material for manufacturing the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer includes polydimethylsiloxane.
Optionally, the sensitive element comprises at least two layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth, and the included angle of the carbon fiber filaments of every two adjacent layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth is alpha; wherein the sensitive element is formed by mutually overlapping a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth.
Optionally, the carbon fiber prepreg is made of a material including epoxy resin and carbon fiber filaments arranged in parallel in a unidirectional manner.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor, which comprises the following steps:
pressing the multilayer carbon fiber prepreg cloth to obtain a pressed part;
heating and curing the pressing piece to obtain a first cured piece;
carrying out laser cutting on the first solidified part to obtain a sensitive element;
spin coating the upper and lower surfaces of the sensitive element 3 to make the upper and lower surfaces of the sensitive element respectively cover an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer to obtain a spin-coated piece;
heating and curing the spin-coated part to obtain a second cured part;
and removing the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer at the electrode of the second curing piece, and connecting a lead at the electrode of the second curing piece to obtain the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor.
Optionally, the heating temperature of the first curing member is 90 degrees, and the curing time is 90 minutes.
Optionally, the heating temperature of the second curing member is 80 degrees, and the curing time is 120 minutes.
Optionally, the first curing member and the second curing member are both heated and cured under vacuum conditions.
Optionally, the spin coating speed of the spin-coated piece is 500 r/min.
Optionally, the shape of the laser cutting of the sensing element is an i-shape, wherein the width of the middle part of the i-shape is 0.5-10 mm.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the invention changes the conductivity of the sensitive element by changing the plane geometry of the sensitive element. When the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is subjected to tensile force, the sensitive element is elastically deformed, micro cracks are generated between the parallel carbon fiber filaments, the resistance of the sensitive element is increased, and the strain quantity of the strain sensor can be obtained by measuring the resistance of the strain sensor. The sensing element adopted by the invention is made of carbon fiber prepreg cloth, the carbon fiber prepreg cloth has good conductivity, and the parallel carbon fiber filaments are easy to generate micron-sized cracks under the action of stress, so that the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor has extremely high sensitivity. Meanwhile, the carbon fiber prepreg is a standard commercial material, the processing technology is mature, and the parameters such as the thickness, the arrangement density of carbon fiber filaments, the diameter of the carbon fiber filaments, the content of epoxy resin and the like are controllable. The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor, and the sensitive element is made of carbon fiber prepreg cloth, so that cracks do not need to be preset, and the cracks are neat and uniform under the action of external force on the device and have strong controllability. The controllability of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is high, and the manufacturing difficulty of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is reduced. In addition, the carbon fiber prepreg is made of anisotropic materials, so that the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor can resist the interference of force in the direction vertical to the surface of a device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a flexible carbon fiber strain sensor configuration provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a half-sectional view taken about A-A of a flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sensing principle of the sensing element provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of force analysis at a sensing element provided by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a manufacturing process of the flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the present invention.
Description of the symbols: 1-upper protective layer, 2-lower protective layer, 3-sensitive element, 4-wire, 5-inclined fiber layer and 6-vertical fiber layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of poor controllability and anti-interference capability, difficulty in adjusting the working range and sensitivity of the conventional resistance-type flexible strain sensor.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor, which includes an upper protection layer 1, a sensing element 3, a lower protection layer 2, and a lead 4, which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; wherein, the lead 4 is respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the sensitive element 3; wherein, the manufacturing material of the sensitive element 3 comprises carbon fiber prepreg.
Specifically, the carbon fiber prepreg is formed by compounding epoxy resin and carbon fiber filaments which are arranged in parallel in a unidirectional mode, the carbon fiber filaments which are arranged in parallel are prone to forming micron-sized cracks under the action of stress, and the carbon fiber filaments have good conductivity. This makes the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the invention have extremely high sensitivity. Meanwhile, the carbon fiber prepreg is a standard commercial material, the processing technology is mature, and the parameters such as the thickness, the arrangement density of the carbon fiber filaments, the diameter of the carbon fiber filaments, the content of epoxy resin and the like are controllable. The sensitive element made of the carbon fiber prepreg cloth does not need to be prefabricated with cracks, so that the cracks generated by the carbon fiber prepreg cloth under the action of stress are uniform and regular, and the controllability is high. The controllability of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the invention is stronger, and the manufacturing difficulty of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is reduced. In addition, the carbon fiber prepreg is made of anisotropic materials, so that the carbon fiber prepreg can resist the interference of force in the direction vertical to the surface, and the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the invention has strong anti-interference capability.
As shown in fig. 4, the sensing element 3 is formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepreg, the sensing element 3 comprises at least two layers of carbon fiber prepreg, and the included angle of the carbon fiber filaments of every two adjacent layers of carbon fiber prepreg is α. In practical application, the number of layers of the carbon fiber prepreg in the sensitive element can be set according to practical requirements. When large strain is measured, the number of layers of the carbon fiber prepreg can be increased so as to enlarge the working range of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor. When less strain needs to be measured, the number of layers of carbon fiber prepreg can be reduced to increase its sensitivity.
Meanwhile, the carbon fiber prepreg is divided into an inclined fiber layer 5 and a vertical fiber layer 6 according to the direction of the carbon fiber filaments in the space, the carbon fiber prepreg of the inclined fiber layer 5 and the carbon fiber prepreg of the vertical fiber layer 6 are mutually overlapped, and the included angle between the carbon fiber filaments of the carbon fiber prepreg of the inclined fiber layer 5 and the carbon fiber filaments of the carbon fiber prepreg of the vertical fiber layer 6 is alpha. Wherein alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and the size of the included angle alpha can be set according to actual requirements.
As shown in fig. 5-6, when the sensing element receives a pulling force F along the horizontal direction, the force applied to the carbon fiber filaments in the inclined fiber layer 5 along the normal direction is the force applied in the horizontal direction, which is denoted as Fcos α. Because the single-layer carbon fiber filaments generate microcracks by means of normal tension, the inclined fiber layer 5 can bear larger horizontal tension, and the working range of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is further enlarged. When large strain is measured, the included angle alpha of the carbon fiber filaments of the inclined fiber layer 5 can be increased so as to enlarge the working range of the sensor; when measuring smaller strains, the carbon fiber filament angle α of the inclined fiber layer 5 may be reduced to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. The carbon fiber filament has certain elasticity along the axial direction, and can generate certain elastic deformation within the elastic limit. Therefore, when the included angle alpha is 90 degrees, the axial elastic working range of the carbon fiber prepreg cloth needs to be measured, and the carbon fiber filaments are prevented from being broken. In the practical application process, the value of the included angle alpha is reasonably selected according to the application scene to avoid the breaking of the carbon fiber filaments in the carbon fiber prepreg of the inclined fiber layer 5.
Specifically, the upper protective layer 1 and the lower protective layer 2 are made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has strong elasticity and can provide elastic restoring force for the sensitive element 3 while protecting the sensitive element 3.
In summary, the structure of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor of the invention is composed of a PDMS upper protective layer, a sensitive element 3 and a PDMS lower protective layer from top to bottom; two ends of the sensitive element 3 are provided with leads 4; the sensing element 3 and the lead 4 are fixed by silver paste or soldering paste. By adopting the flexible carbon fiber prepreg as a sensitive element, the problem of low sensitivity of the existing rigid strain sensor is successfully solved. Meanwhile, the problems that the crack type strain sensor is poor in controllability and anti-interference capability, difficult to adjust the working range and sensitivity and high in manufacturing difficulty are solved.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor according to embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 7, the method specifically includes:
s1: pressing the multilayer carbon fiber prepreg cloth to obtain a pressed part;
specifically, because the carbon fiber prepreg contains epoxy resin, the epoxy resin does not have viscosity any more after being heated and cured, and therefore, when the pressing step is performed, the pressing of the plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepreg is required. For example, two layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth with the thickness of 0.02mm are pressed by a clamp, wherein carbon fiber filaments of the lower layer of carbon fiber prepreg cloth are vertically arranged, and the carbon fiber filaments of the upper layer of carbon fiber prepreg cloth and the carbon fiber filaments vertically arranged at the lower layer are obliquely arranged at an included angle alpha.
S2: heating and curing the pressing piece to obtain a first cured piece;
specifically, the pressing piece is heated and cured in a vacuum environment, the specific heating time is 90 minutes, and the heating temperature is 90 ℃.
S3: carrying out laser cutting on the first solidified part to obtain a sensitive element 3;
specifically, the first solidified part is cut into the shape of the sensitive element 3 by laser, such as an I-shape, and the width of the middle part of the I-shape is 0.5-10 mm.
S4: spin coating the upper and lower surfaces of the sensitive element 3 to respectively cover the upper protective layer 1 and the lower protective layer 2 on the upper and lower surfaces of the sensitive element 3 to obtain a spin-coated piece;
specifically, PDMS protective layers are spin-coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the sensor 3 at a spin-coating speed of 500 r/min.
S5: heating and curing the spin-coated part to obtain a second cured part;
specifically, the spin-coated article was heated and cured at a heating temperature of 80 ℃ for 120 minutes in a vacuum atmosphere.
S6: and removing the upper protective layer 1 and the lower protective layer 2 at the electrode of the second curing piece, and connecting a lead 4 at the electrode of the second curing piece to obtain the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor.
Flexible resistive strain sensors typically use metal nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc. as sensitive elements. Such elements transmit signals using the principle of creating tiny cracks within the material when strained, thereby changing the electrical resistance. Crack-type strain sensors are more dense than conventional rigid strain sensors, but require the generation of micron-scale cracks by the application of early stress. The method is difficult to accurately control the size, the number and the distribution uniformity of cracks, so that the sensor is difficult to repeatedly manufacture in batches and has poor controllability. Meanwhile, the poor controllability of the pre-cracks also increases the difficulty of changing the working range and sensitivity of such strain sensors. The steps show that the manufacturing method of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor disclosed by the embodiment does not need to prefabricate cracks, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the resistance-type flexible strain sensor is greatly reduced.
The resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor manufactured by the method is subjected to performance test and is compared with some existing crack-based strain sensors. The result is that the normalized coefficient of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor provided by the invention is 1 multiplied by 10 as the resistance change rate/strain2～1×104. Whereas the gauge factor of conventional commercial strain sensors is typically less than 1 x 102. It can be seen that the sensitivity of the resistive flexible carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention is significantly superior to conventional commercial strain sensors.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is characterized by comprising an upper protective layer (1), a sensitive element (3), a lower protective layer (2) and a lead (4) which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the lead (4) is respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the sensitive element (3);
the manufacturing material of the sensitive element (3) comprises carbon fiber prepreg cloth.
2. The resistive flexible carbon fiber strain sensor according to claim, wherein the upper protective layer (1) and the lower protective layer (2) are made of a material comprising polydimethylsiloxane.
3. The strain sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element (3) comprises at least two layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth, and the included angle of the carbon fiber filaments of each two adjacent layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth is α; the sensitive element (3) is formed by mutually overlapping a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepreg cloth.
4. The resistive flexible carbon fiber strain sensor of claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber prepreg is made of a material comprising carbon fiber filaments arranged in parallel with one direction and epoxy resin.
5. A manufacturing method of a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pressing the multilayer carbon fiber prepreg cloth to obtain a pressed part;
heating and curing the pressing piece to obtain a first cured piece;
carrying out laser cutting on the first solidified part to obtain a sensitive element (3);
spin coating is carried out on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sensitive element (3), so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the sensitive element (3) are respectively covered with an upper protective layer (1) and a lower protective layer (2), and a spin-coated piece is obtained;
heating and curing the spin-coated part to obtain a second cured part;
and removing the upper protective layer (1) and the lower protective layer (2) at the electrode of the second curing piece, and connecting a lead (4) at the electrode of the second curing piece to obtain the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first curing member is heated at 90 degrees for 90 minutes.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the second curing member is heated at 80 degrees for 120 minutes.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the first and second curing members are both thermally cured under vacuum conditions.
9. The method for manufacturing a resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor according to claim 5, wherein the spin coating speed of the spin-coated member is 500 r/min.
10. The manufacturing method of the resistance-type flexible carbon fiber strain sensor according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the sensing element (3) cut by laser is an I-shape, and the width of the middle part of the I-shape is 0.5-10 mm.
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| CN108267078A (en) * | 2018-03-18 | 2018-07-10 | 吉林大学 | A kind of flexible wearable resistance strain and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2020104342A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | 日鉄ケミカル＆マテリアル株式会社 | Carbon fiber material with monitoring function |
| CN112140584A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 深圳市碳创新材料有限公司 | Method for improving mechanical property of carbon fiber structural member |
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2021
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108267078A (en) * | 2018-03-18 | 2018-07-10 | 吉林大学 | A kind of flexible wearable resistance strain and preparation method thereof |
| JP2020104342A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | 日鉄ケミカル＆マテリアル株式会社 | Carbon fiber material with monitoring function |
| CN209485577U (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-10-11 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of carbon fiber flexible pressure distributed sensor device |
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