CN113550743A - Oil well heat tracing production judgment method - Google Patents
Oil well heat tracing production judgment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113550743A CN113550743A CN202010337120.6A CN202010337120A CN113550743A CN 113550743 A CN113550743 A CN 113550743A CN 202010337120 A CN202010337120 A CN 202010337120A CN 113550743 A CN113550743 A CN 113550743A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well, which comprises the following steps: step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced by a wellhead of an oil well under the condition of a first set temperature and a first set time interval; step 2, making a relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity of the crude oil sample; step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the temperature and viscosity relation curve, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidification point; and 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production. The oil well heat tracing production judging method can determine the dynamic solidification points of crude oil under different liquid production amounts and water content conditions in the flowing process of a shaft, and determine whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not by utilizing the relation between the dynamic solidification points and the temperature of a well head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well.
Background
At present, some oil fields in China have multi-port thermal production wells which can still normally produce due to the fact that heat tracing measures are not put into the wells because of cable damage, and the analysis reason is that part of the wells enter a high water content stage and the water content exceeds 95 percent, oil-water mixed liquid of the wells flows in an oil-in-water mode in the process that a shaft of the wells flows, the viscosity is low, and heat tracing production is not needed; the heat exchange between the heat exchange well and the stratum is insufficient in the flowing process of the shaft due to the large output of part of the heat production well, the crude oil is still kept at a high temperature, the viscosity is low, and heat tracing production is not needed. The currently common freezing point test method cannot simulate the viscosity change of crude oil in the flowing process of a shaft under the conditions of different liquid production amounts and water contents, so that whether the oil well needs heat tracing production cannot be judged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to determine whether the oil well needs heat tracing production, the invention provides a method for judging the heat tracing production of the oil well, which can determine the dynamic solidification points of crude oil under the conditions of different liquid production amounts and water contents in the flowing process of a shaft, and determine whether the oil well needs the heat tracing production by utilizing the relationship between the dynamic solidification points and the temperature of a well head.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an oil well heat tracing production judgment method comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced by a wellhead of an oil well under the condition of a first set temperature and a first set time interval;
step 2, making a relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity of the crude oil sample;
step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the temperature and viscosity relation curve, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidification point;
and 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production.
In step 1, the first set temperature is 1 ℃.
In step 1, the calculation formula of the first set time is:
t is a first set time in min;
e is the ground temperature gradient with the unit of ℃/100 m;
q is the crude oil production of the well in m3/d；
d is the inner diameter of the oil pipe in mm.
In step 1, the crude oil sample is an aqueous crude oil.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, heating the crude oil sample to a first target temperature;
step 1.2, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.3, reducing the first set temperature of the crude oil sample and spacing the first set time;
step 1.4, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 to 1.4 a plurality of times until the crude oil sample reaches a second target temperature.
In step 4, when the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well does not need heat tracing production; the well requires heat tracing production when the temperature at the wellhead of the well is below the dynamic freezing point.
When the oil well needs heat tracing production, the oil well heat tracing production judging method further comprises the following steps:
and 5, determining the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well.
In step 5, determining a downhole temperature field of the oil well, wherein the depth corresponding to the same temperature as the dynamic freezing point in the downhole temperature field is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well reaches the wellhead needing heat tracing production; the oil well does not need heat tracing production below the heat tracing production limit depth.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the oil well heat tracing production judging method can determine the dynamic solidification points of crude oil under different liquid production amounts and water content conditions in the flowing process of a shaft, and determine whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not by utilizing the relation between the dynamic solidification points and the temperature of a well head. When the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well does not need heat tracing production; the well requires heat tracing production when the temperature at the wellhead of the well is below the dynamic freezing point.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining heat tracing production of an oil well.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a water bath.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a beaker.
FIG. 4 is a plot of temperature versus viscosity for a crude oil sample.
FIG. 5 is a downhole temperature field of an oil well.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
An oil well heat tracing production judgment method comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced by a wellhead of an oil well under the condition of a first set temperature and a first set time interval;
step 2, making a relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity of the crude oil sample;
step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the temperature and viscosity relation curve, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidification point;
and 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not, as shown in figure 1.
In step 1, the first set temperature is 1 ℃, i.e. the viscosity is measured every 1 ℃ rise or fall of the crude oil sample. In step 1, the crude oil sample is an aqueous crude oil, i.e., the crude oil sample is a crude oil sample (i.e., an undehydrated crude oil sample) directly collected from the wellhead of the well without any treatment, and the crude oil sample contains crude oil and water. In step 1, measuring the viscosity of the crude oil sample is performed indoors.
In step 1, the calculation formula of the first set time is:
t is a first set time in min; at this point, t is the time for each 1 ℃ rise or fall interval (which may also be referred to as wait) of the crude oil sample;
e is the ground temperature gradient with the unit of ℃/100 m; the geothermal gradient can be obtained through actual measurement, the geothermal gradient is generally 3 ℃/100m, and the following calculations in the embodiment all adopt 3 ℃/100 m.
Q is the crude oil production of the well in m3D, obtainable by harvesting at the wellhead of the well;
d is the internal diameter of the tubing in m, and can be obtained by direct measurement.
The crude oil static freezing point test employs a fixed time interval after dehydration of the crude oil. Unlike the static freezing point of crude oil, the dynamic freezing point test of the present invention considers the effect of yield on the temperature of the crude oil containing water, and the test results reflect the fluidity of the crude oil in the wellbore during normal production of the oil well. The test method comprises the following steps: and calculating the flow velocity in the oil pipes with different sizes according to the liquid production amount, and calculating the flowing distance of the crude oil in the shaft corresponding to the temperature reduction of 1 ℃ according to the geothermal gradient, thereby obtaining the time required by the different flow velocities to pass through the shaft distance. And testing the crude oil viscosity-temperature relation curve at the time interval through an indoor experiment to determine the dynamic solidification point of the oil sample under the liquid production amount and the water content.
The test time for each 1 c interval of rise or fall of the crude oil sample is described below using the 88.9mm or 73mm internal diameter of the tubing in the well as an example, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Wherein, for example, the crude oil production of the oil well is 10m3D, the inner diameter of the oil pipe is 88.9mm, and the viscosity of the crude oil sample is measured at intervals of 21.7min when the crude oil sample is raised or lowered by 1 ℃. For example, the crude oil production of an oil well is 20m3D, the inner diameter of the oil pipe is 88.9mm, and the viscosity of the crude oil sample is measured every time the crude oil sample is raised or lowered by 1 ℃ at intervals of 10.8 min. For example, the crude oil production of an oil well is 15m3And d, the inner diameter of the oil pipe is 73mm, and the viscosity of the crude oil sample is measured every time the crude oil sample is raised or lowered by 1 ℃ at intervals of 9.6 min.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, heating the crude oil sample to a first target temperature (e.g., 60 ℃ to 70 ℃);
step 1.2, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.3, reducing the crude oil sample by the first set temperature (such as 1 ℃) and separating the crude oil sample by the first set time;
step 1.4, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 through 1.4 multiple times until the crude oil sample reaches a second target temperature (e.g., 20 ℃ -30 ℃).
During this process, the viscosity value and the corresponding temperature value of each measured crude oil sample are recorded. The crude oil yield of the oil well is 10m3The method for measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil can refer to SY/T0520-.
The specific operation process is as follows:
step 1.1, starting a water bath, raising the temperature to 60 ℃, pouring the crude oil sample into a beaker, and placing the beaker 2 into the water bath, so that the crude oil sample is heated to 60 ℃;
step 1.2, starting a rotary viscometer, zeroing and returning an instrument, mounting a temperature probe and a rotor, placing the instrument in the crude oil sample in the beaker, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotor to a set value, and carrying out experimental record after the instrument displays that the viscosity of the oil sample to be measured is stable and unchanged, so as to measure the viscosity value of the crude oil sample at the moment, wherein the viscosity value is N1;
step 1.3, reducing the temperature of the water bath kettle by 1 ℃, and waiting for 21.7 min;
step 1.4, recording the viscosity value of the crude oil sample displayed by the instrument, namely measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample at the moment, wherein the viscosity value is N2;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 to 1.4 a plurality of times until the temperature of the water bath (and the crude oil sample) reaches 20 ℃, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
And (5) after the experiment is finished, turning off the power supply, and cleaning and arranging the instrument. In the above measurement process, 31 sets of corresponding viscosity values and temperature values were obtained together. Then, as stated in step 2, 31 sets of corresponding viscosity values and temperature values were made into a temperature-viscosity relationship curve of the crude oil sample, as shown in fig. 4.
And 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the temperature and viscosity relation curve, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidification point. Finding the inflection point of the temperature vs. viscosity curve can be accomplished by conventional mathematical methods. For example, as shown in fig. 4, the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the viscosity relationship curve is 45 ℃. This temperature is the dynamic freezing point (45 ℃) of the undehydrated crude oil in the well.
In step 4, when the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well does not need heat tracing production; the well requires heat tracing production when the temperature at the wellhead of the well is below the dynamic freezing point. The temperature of the wellhead of the well may be obtained by actual measurement. For example, the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is 50 ℃ obtained by actual measurement, and the oil well does not need heat tracing production; alternatively, the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is 30 ℃ obtained by actual measurement, and the oil well needs heat tracing production.
When the oil well needs heat tracing production, the oil well heat tracing production judging method further comprises the following steps: and 5, determining the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well. I.e. to determine whether the entire well depth of the well requires heat tracing production, or only a certain depth range, and in which depth range heat tracing production is required.
Specifically, in step 5, a downhole temperature field of the oil well is first determined, the downhole temperature field is a relationship curve of downhole depth and temperature, generally, the temperature of the downhole temperature gradually increases with the increase of the downhole depth, and the downhole temperature field can be obtained through actual measurement or software simulation after sampling. The depth corresponding to the same temperature as the dynamic freezing point in the underground temperature field is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well reaches the wellhead to be subjected to heat tracing production; the oil well does not need heat tracing production below the heat tracing production limit depth.
For example, if the total depth of the oil well is 2500 m, the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is 16 ℃, the temperature of the oil well at the distance of 1100 m from the wellhead is 45 ℃, and the temperature is the same as the dynamic freezing point of the crude oil in the oil well of 45 ℃, 1100 m is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and heat tracing production is required in the range of 1100 m from the wellhead to the underground, as shown in fig. 5. If the temperature at the position 1500 m away from the wellhead is 45 ℃ and is the same as the dynamic solidification point of the crude oil in the oil well of 45 ℃, 1500 m is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, heat tracing production is required within the range from the wellhead to the underground 1500 m, and the depth above the horizontal dotted line in figure 5 is the depth required for heat tracing production.
The oil well heat tracing production judging method can be carried out in an indoor laboratory, can determine the dynamic solidification points of crude oil under different liquid production amounts and water content conditions in the flowing process of a shaft, and determines whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not by utilizing the relation between the dynamic solidification points and the temperature of a well head. When the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well does not need heat tracing production; the well requires heat tracing production when the temperature at the wellhead of the well is below the dynamic freezing point. The dynamic freezing point can be used for judging the heat tracing limit of the oil well and optimizing heat tracing parameters so as to reduce the heat tracing cost.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical schemes, and the technical schemes can be freely combined and used.
Claims (10)
1. The method for judging the heat tracing production of the oil well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced by a wellhead of an oil well under the condition of a first set temperature and a first set time interval;
step 2, making a relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity of the crude oil sample;
step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the temperature and viscosity relation curve, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidification point;
and 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production.
2. The method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the first set temperature is 1 ℃.
3. An oil well heat tracing production judging method according to claim 2, wherein in step 1, the first set time is calculated by the formula:
t is a first set time in min;
e is the ground temperature gradient with the unit of ℃/100 m;
q is the crude oil production of the well in m3/d；
d is the inner diameter of the oil pipe in mm.
4. The method for determining heat tracing production of oil well according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the crude oil sample is water-containing crude oil.
5. The method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1.1, heating the crude oil sample to a first target temperature;
step 1.2, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.3, reducing the first set temperature of the crude oil sample and spacing the first set time;
step 1.4, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 to 1.4 a plurality of times until the crude oil sample reaches a second target temperature.
6. An oil well heat tracing production judging method according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 1.1, the first target temperature is 60 ℃ to 70 ℃.
7. The method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well according to claim 5, wherein in step 1.5, the second target temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
8. The method for judging the heat tracing production of the oil well according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step 4, when the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well needs no heat tracing production; the well requires heat tracing production when the temperature at the wellhead of the well is below the dynamic freezing point.
9. The method for determining oil well heat tracing production according to claim 8, wherein when the oil well requires heat tracing production, the method further comprises the steps of:
and 5, determining the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well.
10. The method for determining the heat tracing production of the oil well according to claim 9, wherein in step 5, the downhole temperature field of the oil well is determined, the depth corresponding to the same temperature as the dynamic freezing point in the downhole temperature field is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well is up to the wellhead for heat tracing production; the oil well does not need heat tracing production below the heat tracing production limit depth.
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2020
- 2020-04-26 CN CN202010337120.6A patent/CN113550743B/en active Active
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