CN113550740A - Method for realizing continuous calculation of longitudinal pressure gradient of single well - Google Patents
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for realizing continuous calculation of longitudinal pressure gradient of a single well, which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a sound wave time difference curve, and selecting a mud rock section sound wave time difference value; step 2, predicting the formation pressure of a mudstone section by using an equivalent depth method, and calculating the formation pressure of a single well; step 3, checking and smoothing a pressure curve; and 4, selecting a certain step length to calculate the pressure gradient to obtain a single-well longitudinal pressure gradient curve. The method for realizing the continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well has simplicity, convenience and originality, overcomes the defect of large workload of manually calculating the pressure gradient, and provides a new research idea and technical means for the calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well and the research of the fluid transportation and convergence direction. Meanwhile, the method has certain reference guiding significance for calculating the pressure gradient of the underground fluid in other directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for realizing continuous calculation of longitudinal pressure gradient of a single well.
Background
The formation pressure is the pressure acting on the fluid (oil, gas and water) in the pores of the underground rock, is one of the main power for transporting and gathering the underground fluid, and has important influence on the generation, migration and distribution of oil and gas. A great deal of research is carried out on the formation pressure (especially abnormal pressure) of a basin by a plurality of scholars at home and abroad, for example, in the early 90 s of the 20 th century, J.M.Hunt discusses the relation between a fluid pressure seal storage box and oil gas; leach in studying the relationship of pressure, temperature and hydrocarbons in the third family of sandstone formations in the gulf of mexico, usa, indicates that "the place where the hydrocarbons are most concentrated is generally near the overpressure ceiling". In China, some students have made important research results on distribution and cause mechanism of overpressure, prediction of overpressure and the like, and published multiple monographs such as "distribution of overpressure basin and oil and gas (makufu, et al, 2000)", "research on high-temperature and high-pressure drilling pre-monitoring technology at oringqibang basin (queing peak, luxianzhu, 2004)", "kinetics of hydrocarbon production in overpressure basin and mechanism of oil and gas accumulation (haufa, et al, 2005)", and "hydrodynamics at abnormal pressure basin (Ji xi, et al, 2006). However, from the expression form of the abnormal pressure, no matter the pressure coefficient or the residual pressure is mainly characterized by a static characterization mode, which reflects the relative magnitude of the pressure and the hydrostatic pressure at a certain point, and lacks of dynamic characterization. The pressure gradient is used as the pressure change of unit distance in the fluid flowing direction, the change amplitude and the rule of abnormal pressure in the longitudinal depth or the transverse distance are reflected, the flowing direction and the flowing speed of the fluid are reflected to a certain extent, the relation with the oil and gas migration speed and mode is closer, and the method is an important direction for the current abnormal pressure from static state to dynamic state research. At present, relatively few researches on pressure gradient at home and abroad are carried out, and the calculation method mainly comprises the step of manually calculating the ratio of the pressure difference between two points to the distance between the two points. For the single-well longitudinal formation pressure, the workload of manually calculating the pressure gradient is very large due to the fact that the number of predicted pressure points is very large, and therefore a method for automatically calculating the single-well longitudinal pressure gradient is urgently needed.
In the application No.: in the chinese patent application 201810622505.X, a method of calculating a pressure decay gradient is disclosed, which comprises the following specific steps: s1, collecting and arranging geological data, logging data and oil testing data of the research area. And S2, predicting the mudstone pressure of the research area by using an Eaton method and an equivalent depth method, and correcting by using the measured pressure. And S3, drawing a pressure coefficient isoline according to the predicted formation pressure value and by combining the geological structure, the sedimentary facies spread distribution characteristics and the fault development condition of the research area. And S4, establishing different pressure attenuation gradient calculation models, and calculating the pressure attenuation gradient according to the different pressure attenuation gradient calculation models. The pressure attenuation gradient calculated in the application is the pressure attenuation gradient between two points on a plane calculated according to a pressure coefficient isoline plane distribution diagram, and the pressure gradient is manually calculated according to formulas (2) and (3) in the patent through the pressure values of the two points and the distance between the two points, so that labor and time are wasted.
Therefore, a new method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of a single well, which has simplicity, originality and capability of making up the defect of large workload of manually calculating the pressure gradient.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for realizing the continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a sound wave time difference curve, and selecting a mud rock section sound wave time difference value; step 2, predicting the formation pressure of a mudstone section by using an equivalent depth method, and calculating the formation pressure of a single well; step 3, checking and smoothing a pressure curve; and 4, selecting a certain step length to calculate the pressure gradient to obtain a single-well longitudinal pressure gradient curve.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the step 1, selecting an acoustic time difference curve from the single-well logging curve series, sequentially selecting acoustic time difference values of mudstone sections from shallow to deep on the acoustic time difference curve, and recording the acoustic time difference values and corresponding depth values.
In the step 2, the selected shale section acoustic time difference value is used for predicting the shale section stratum pressure by using an equivalent depth method formula, and the predicted stratum pressure values are connected in a table to obtain a single-well stratum pressure curve in the longitudinal direction.
In step 2, the equivalent depth method formula is:
PA＝ρw*g*HB+ρs*g*(HA-HB) (1)
p in formula (1)AA is the formation pressure, MPa; rhow、ρsThe density of the formation water and the overlying rock layer is g/cm3；HAIs the buried depth of point A, m; hBThe equivalent depth of the point A, m, the relation of the two is shown in formula (2); g is gravity acceleration, and is 9.8m/s2；
HB＝1/C*lnΔt0/ΔtA (2)
In the formula (2), C is a compaction coefficient, Δ t0Is the difference in the surface acoustic wave time under the normal compaction trend line, Δ tAIs buried deep in AThe difference in sound wave time of (c).
In step 3, aiming at the predicted single-well stratum pressure curve, abnormal values are checked, abnormal points on the pressure curve caused by different lithological differences are removed, and meanwhile, the stratum pressure curve is subjected to smoothing treatment to obtain a processed smooth curve.
In step 4, on the basis of smooth processing of the single-well stratum pressure curve, a certain step length is selected from shallow to deep to calculate a pressure gradient value so as to reflect the numerical value of the pressure gradient in different depth sections, and therefore the calculated single-well longitudinal pressure gradient curve is obtained.
In step 4, the formula for calculating the pressure gradient value is:
G＝(P(A+L)-PA)/L (3)
in the formula (3), G is a pressure gradient, MPa/Km; l is a certain selected step length, Km, and is adjustable; p(A+L)The point A moves downwards and corresponds to the stratum pressure value of L, namely MPa; pAThe formation pressure value at point a.
The invention discloses a method for realizing continuous calculation of single-well longitudinal pressure gradient, which is a method for automatically calculating the single-well longitudinal pressure gradient from shallow to deep by selecting a certain step length on the basis of single-well stratum pressure curve prediction, and belongs to the fields of oil-gas reservoir related theoretical research, technical application and oil-gas field geological exploration. The method is a method for automatically calculating the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well from shallow to deep by selecting a certain step length on the basis of single well stratum pressure curve prediction. The method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and originality, makes up the defect of large workload of manual calculation, and provides a new research idea and technical means for the calculation of the underground fluid pressure gradient and the research of the fluid migration and convergence direction. The method for realizing the continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well has simplicity, convenience and originality, overcomes the defect of large workload of manually calculating the pressure gradient, and provides a new research idea and technical means for the calculation of the pressure gradient of the underground fluid and the research of the fluid transportation and convergence direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of achieving continuous computation of a single well longitudinal pressure gradient in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a well formation pressure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a well pressure gradient in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of a single well according to the invention.
And selecting an acoustic time difference curve from the single-well logging curve series, sequentially selecting acoustic time difference values of the mudstone sections from shallow to deep on the acoustic time difference curve, and recording the acoustic time difference values and corresponding depth values.
And (3) predicting the stratum pressure of the mudstone section by using the selected acoustic time difference value of the mudstone section according to an equivalent depth method formula (see the formula (1)), and connecting the predicted stratum pressure values in a table to obtain a single-well stratum pressure curve in the longitudinal direction.
PA＝ρw*g*HB+ρs*g*(HA-HB) (1)
P in formula (1)AA is the formation pressure, MPa; rhow、ρsThe density of the formation water and the overlying rock layer is g/cm3；HAIs the buried depth of point A, m; hBThe equivalent depth of the point A, m, the relation of the two is shown in formula (2); g is gravity acceleration, and is 9.8m/s2。
HB＝1/C*lnΔt0/ΔtA (2)
In the formula (2), C is a compaction coefficient, Δ t0Is the difference in the surface acoustic wave time under the normal compaction trend line, Δ tAThe difference in the sound wave time of the A burial depth.
And (3) aiming at the predicted single-well stratum pressure curve, checking abnormal values, removing abnormal points on the pressure curve caused by different lithological differences, and simultaneously carrying out smoothing treatment on the stratum pressure curve to obtain a processed smooth curve.
On the basis of the smooth processing of the single-well stratum pressure curve, a certain step length is selected from shallow to deep to automatically calculate the pressure gradient value (see formula (3)) so as to reflect the numerical value of the pressure gradient in different depth sections, thereby obtaining the calculated single-well longitudinal pressure gradient curve.
G＝(P(A+L)-PA)/L (3)
In the formula (3), G is a pressure gradient, MPa/Km; l is a certain selected step length, Km, and is adjustable; p(A+L)The pressure value of the stratum corresponding to the downward movement L of the point A is MPa.
In an embodiment of the present invention, take the a-well as an example: the research object is a sunken a well, firstly, a sound wave time difference curve is downloaded in a well logging curve series of the a well, and the sound wave time difference value of a mudstone section is selected according to lithology data of the a well. And predicting the formation pressure by using an equivalent depth method according to the selected acoustic wave time difference value of the mudstone section to obtain a formation pressure curve (figure 2). From the formation pressure curve of the well, the upper formation develops mainly at normal pressure, and the middle and lower formations develop abnormally at high pressure. In order to further obtain the pressure gradient under different depth conditions, a certain step length is selected from shallow to deep, and on the calculated formation pressure data curve, the pressure gradient value (the pressure interval/depth interval of every 4 data points) is automatically calculated in Excel every 4 data points, so that the longitudinal pressure gradient curve of the well is obtained (fig. 3).
From the calculated longitudinal pressure gradient curve of the well, the pressure gradient calculated in different depth sections from shallow to deep is different, and the change of the pressure gradient along with the depth is reflected. Overall, the pressure gradient is characterized by "two low and two high": the normal pressure section and the inside of the abnormal high pressure system are relatively low value areas of pressure gradient, and the calculated pressure gradient is within 100 Mpa/m; the upper and lower boundaries of the abnormal high pressure are regions with relatively high pressure gradient, and the calculated pressure gradient can be as high as 200-400 MPa/m. This also reflects that at the boundary of an abnormal pressure system is an abrupt band of pressure, with a large pressure gradient. The method has simplicity, convenience and originality, makes up the defects of manual calculation, and provides a new research idea and technical means for the calculation of the underground fluid pressure gradient and the research of the fluid transportation and convergence direction.
The method for realizing the continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well is a method for automatically calculating the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well from shallow to deep by selecting a certain step length on the basis of the prediction of a stratum pressure curve of the single well. The invention relates to the fields of oil and gas reservoir related theoretical research, technical application and oil and gas field geological exploration, and is suitable for the exploration and development process of oil and gas fields, wherein a well logging curve series is complete, and particularly a exploratory well comprising a sound wave time difference curve and lithological data. In the process of calculating the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well, the method has simplicity, convenience and originality, overcomes the defect of large workload of manually calculating the pressure gradient, and provides a new research idea and technical means for calculating the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well and researching the fluid transportation and convergence direction. Meanwhile, the method has certain reference guiding significance for calculating the pressure gradient of the underground fluid in other directions.
The above examples are provided to those of ordinary skill in the art to fully disclose and describe how to make and use the claimed embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for realizing the continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, selecting a sound wave time difference curve, and selecting a mud rock section sound wave time difference value;
step 2, predicting the formation pressure of a mudstone section by using an equivalent depth method, and calculating the formation pressure of a single well;
step 3, checking and smoothing a pressure curve;
and 4, selecting a certain step length to calculate the pressure gradient to obtain a single-well longitudinal pressure gradient curve.
2. The method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 1, a sonic time difference curve is selected from a single well logging curve series, sonic time difference values of mudstone segments are sequentially selected from shallow to deep on the sonic time difference curve, and the sonic time difference values and corresponding depth values are recorded.
3. The method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the selected acoustic time difference value of the mudstone section is used for predicting the formation pressure of the mudstone section by using an equivalent depth method formula, and the predicted formation pressure values are connected in a table to obtain a longitudinal single well formation pressure curve.
4. The method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well according to the claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the formula of the equivalent depth method is as follows:
PA＝ρw*g*HB+ρs*g*(HA-HB) (1)
p in formula (1)AA is the formation pressure, MPa; rhow、ρsThe density of the formation water and the overlying rock layer is g/cm3；HAIs the buried depth of point A, m; hBThe equivalent depth of the point A, m, the relation of the two is shown in formula (2); g is gravity acceleration, and is 9.8m/s2；
HB＝1/C*lnΔt0/ΔtA (2)
In the formula (2), C is a compaction coefficient, Δ t0Is the difference in the surface acoustic wave time under the normal compaction trend line, Δ tAThe difference in the sound wave time of the A burial depth.
5. The method for realizing continuous calculation of single-well longitudinal pressure gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, the abnormal value is checked against the predicted single-well formation pressure curve, abnormal points on the pressure curve caused by different lithological differences are removed, and the formation pressure curve is rounded at the same time, so as to obtain a rounded curve after processing.
6. The method for realizing continuous calculation of the longitudinal pressure gradient of the single well according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, on the basis of the rounding of the formation pressure curve of the single well, a certain step length is selected from shallow to deep to calculate the pressure gradient value so as to reflect the pressure gradient value in different depth sections, thereby obtaining the calculated longitudinal pressure gradient curve of the single well.
7. A method for achieving continuous computation of a single well longitudinal pressure gradient according to claim 6, wherein in step 4, the formula for computing the pressure gradient value is:
G＝(P(A+L)-PA)/L (3)
in the formula (3), G is a pressure gradient, MPa/Km; l is a certain selected step length, Km, and is adjustable; p(A+L)The point A moves downwards and corresponds to the stratum pressure value of L, namely MPa; pAThe formation pressure value at point a.
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