CN108710155B - Method for evaluating stratum under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization - Google Patents
Method for evaluating stratum under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method for stratum under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas geological exploration, in particular to a method for evaluating formation under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization.
Background
The abnormal pressure is a phenomenon commonly existing in the sedimentary basin and is closely related to oil gas generation, migration and aggregation. In low permeability tight formations, the developmental mechanisms of fluid overpressurization are closely related to stress effects (compaction imbalance and formation squeeze), fluid volume expansion effects (hydrocarbon generation, clay mineral dehydration and hydrothermal pressurization), fluid flow, and the like. Early studies generally held that under-compaction was the primary cause of massive overpressure formation in sedimentary basins, and that under-compaction occurred primarily in the early shallow-buried phase of basin settlement, and was controlled by faster sedimentation rates and lower formation permeability. Kerogen is also a major source of overpressure in many basins, and Meissner (1978) teaches that solid kerogen is accompanied by a 25% volume expansion when converted to liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas, etc.; tingay et al (2013) considers that overpressure caused by gas production in the north of Malay basin can account for 1/2-2/3 of total overpressure, and a pressure gradient of 15.3MPa/km can be generated at most. Although oil and gas production is considered an important mechanism for overpressure development, there is currently a lack of direct evidence.
Overpressure of different cause types can cause different rock physical properties and fluid characteristic responses, and a plurality of pore fluid pressure cause identification models are proposed, which mainly comprise: identifying under-compaction and over-compaction according to the characteristics of high deposition rate and low pore permeability of the stratum; identifying hydrocarbon generation pressurization by using organic matter maturity; comprehensively utilizing logging data such as acoustic time difference, porosity and the like to identify undercompression and hydrocarbon generation overpressure, and distinguishing the two overpressures by combining loading curves and unloading curves; the quantitative characterization of the contribution rate of different-cause overpressure is a difficult point of overpressure cause research, and the research is mainly carried out according to the porosity and effective stress change characteristics of different-cause overpressure at present: such as Lixiaoqiang, Wanzhangliang, Shiwanfai, Tingay and the like, and the under-compaction overpressure, the structural extrusion overpressure and the hydrocarbon generation overpressure are evaluated according to an equivalent depth method and an effective stress method. In addition, Guo Xiao Wen and the like establish a hydrocarbon generation pressurization model through physical experiment simulation to calculate the hydrocarbon generation pressurization amount; liuhua and the like carry out quantitative characterization on overpressure of different causes on the basis of researching normal compaction, under-compaction and hydrocarbon evolution.
However, the analysis of the formation overpressure cause by the technology mainly comprises qualitative analysis or complex formula calculation, and the technology lacks accurate quantitative evaluation or is too complex in evaluation method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that only a qualitative evaluation method or a quantitative evaluation method is complex in the prior art, the invention provides a simple and rapid quantitative evaluation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for evaluating formation under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing the relation between the formation deposition rate and the formation overpressure, and the relation between the reflectivity of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite and the overpressure;
s2, calculating the vertical effective stress corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point according to the overpressure and normal pressure formation, and extracting the formation resistivity corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point;
s3, constructing a vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation chart by taking the vertical effective stress and the stratum resistivity as a horizontal/vertical coordinate and a vertical/horizontal coordinate respectively, and fitting a normal pressure stratum vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation trend line;
s4, drawing the formation resistivity and the vertical effective stress corresponding to different overpressure formation pressure data points into a vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation chart, and comparing the chart with a trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the normal pressure formation:
if the pressure is identical with the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the normal-pressure formation, the overpressure cause is the under-compaction overpressure of the formation, and the magnitude of the overpressure is equal to the residual pressure of the formation;
compared with the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation, if the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation deviates from the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation along the resistivity increasing direction, the hydrocarbon generation pressurization △ P exists1Determining deviation amplitude of a trend line of a vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation with the normal pressure formation according to a chart, wherein the effective stress amplitude △ delta corresponding to the amplitude is the size of hydrocarbon generation pressurization, and subtracting the hydrocarbon generation pressurization △ P from the formation residual pressure1Thereby obtaining a formation sub-compaction overpressure △ P2The size of (2).
Preferably, the step S1 further includes:
s11, analyzing the relation between overpressure and formation deposition rate: counting the thickness of the single-well stratum and the initial time of stratum deposition, calculating the stratum deposition rate of each period, analyzing the relation between the stratum deposition rate and the stratum overpressure, and judging the development degree of the stratum under compaction and pressurization;
s12, analyzing the relation between overpressure and source rock maturity: and (3) counting the reflectivity test data of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite of the single well, analyzing the relation between the reflectivity of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite and the overpressure, and judging the development degree of hydrocarbon generation pressurization.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes:
s21, extracting formation resistivity: aiming at the overpressure and normal pressure stratum, extracting stratum resistivity parameters corresponding to the depths of all stratum pressure data points by using logging information;
and S22, calculating the vertical effective stress parameter corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point according to the demonstration vertical effective stress formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, a vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation chart is constructed, a normal pressure stratum vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation trend line is fitted, overpressure stratum data are drawn in the chart and are compared with the normal pressure stratum vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation trend line, quantitative evaluation can be conducted on stratum under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization, and the evaluation method is simple and rapid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method of evaluating formation under-compaction and hydrocarbon-producing pressurization according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the Puyu-Shahestree group overpressure, atmospheric formation vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relationship;
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for evaluating under-compaction and hydrocarbon-producing pressurization of a formation, such as the east pu depressed shahe group, as shown in figure 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, analyzing the relation between the stratum deposition rate and the stratum overpressure and the relation between the reflectivity of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite and the overpressure size, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s11, analyzing the relation between overpressure and formation deposition rate: counting the thickness of the single-well stratum and the initial time of stratum deposition, calculating the stratum deposition rate of each period, analyzing the relation between the stratum deposition rate and the stratum overpressure, and judging the development degree of the stratum under compaction and pressurization;
s12, analyzing the relation between overpressure and source rock maturity: and (3) counting the reflectivity test data of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite of the single well, analyzing the relation between the reflectivity of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite and the overpressure, and judging the development degree of hydrocarbon generation pressurization.
S2, calculating the vertical effective stress corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point aiming at the overpressure and normal pressure formation, and extracting the formation resistivity corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
s21, extracting formation resistivity: for overpressure and normal pressure strata, extracting stratum resistivity (R) parameters corresponding to the depths of all stratum pressure data points by using logging information; s22, according to a demonstration vertical effective stress formula delta ═ rhogH (wherein rho is the average density of the overburden, kg/m)3G is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2H is overburden thickness, m), the vertical effective parameter stress corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point, the number of eastern-Pu's depressed sahestree groups is calculatedThe results are shown in Table 1.
S3, constructing a vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation chart by taking the vertical effective stress and the stratum resistivity as a horizontal/vertical coordinate and a vertical/horizontal coordinate respectively, and fitting a normal pressure stratum vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation trend line; fig. 2 is a diagram of the relationship between overpressure of the Donpu concave shahe street group and vertical effective stress of the normal pressure stratum and resistivity of the stratum, wherein the vertical effective stress is taken as an ordinate, the resistivity of the stratum is taken as an abscissa, a black solid line in the diagram is a trend line of the relationship between the vertical effective stress of the normal pressure stratum and the resistivity of the stratum, and a formula of a fitted trend line of the relationship between the vertical effective stress of the normal pressure stratum and the resistivity of the normal pressure stratum in the diagram is shown as a formula 1:
δ＝10.385·ln(R)+15.87 (1)
s4, drawing the formation resistivity and the vertical effective stress corresponding to the different formation pressure data points into a vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation chart, and comparing the chart with a trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the normal pressure formation:
if the pressure is identical with the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the normal pressure formation, the overpressure cause is under-compaction overpressure, and the magnitude of the overpressure is equal to the residual pressure of the formation;
if the resistivity of the stratum deviates from the trend line of the vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation of the atmospheric stratum along the resistivity increasing direction, the overpressure hydrocarbon generation pressurization △ P exists1Determining the deviation amplitude of a trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation with the normal pressure formation according to a chart, wherein the effective stress amplitude △ delta corresponding to the amplitude is the size of hydrocarbon generation pressurization, and the calculation result is shown as a formula 2:
△P1＝△δ＝10.385·ln(R)+15.87 (2)
subtracting hydrocarbon generation pressurization from formation residual pressure to obtain formation under-compaction overpressure △ P2The calculation formula is shown in formula 3:
△P2＝△P-△P1(3)
in the above equation, △ P is the formation residual pressure.
According to the method, a vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation chart is constructed, a normal pressure stratum vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation trend line is fitted, overpressure stratum data are drawn in the chart and are compared with the normal pressure stratum vertical effective stress-stratum resistivity relation trend line, quantitative evaluation can be conducted on stratum under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization, and the evaluation method is simple and rapid.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
TABLE 1 Donpu depressed Shahechu group data and calculations
Claims (3)
1. A method for evaluating the lack of compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization of a stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing the relation between the formation deposition rate and the formation overpressure, and the relation between the reflectivity of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite and the overpressure;
s2, calculating the vertical effective stress corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point according to the overpressure and normal pressure formation, and extracting the formation resistivity corresponding to the depth of each formation pressure data point;
s3, taking the vertical effective stress as an abscissa and the formation resistivity as an ordinate, or taking the vertical effective stress as an ordinate and the formation resistivity as an abscissa, constructing a vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation chart, and fitting a trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation;
s4, drawing the formation resistivity and the vertical effective stress corresponding to different overpressure formation pressure data points into a vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation chart, and comparing the chart with a trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the normal pressure formation:
if the pressure is identical with the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the normal pressure formation, the overpressure cause is under-compaction overpressure, and the magnitude of the overpressure is equal to the residual pressure of the formation;
compared with the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation, if the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation deviates from the trend line of the vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation of the atmospheric formation along the resistivity increasing direction, the hydrocarbon generation pressurization △ P exists1Determining deviation amplitude of a trend line of a vertical effective stress-formation resistivity relation with the normal pressure formation according to a chart, wherein the effective stress amplitude △ delta corresponding to the amplitude is the size of hydrocarbon generation pressurization, and subtracting the hydrocarbon generation pressurization △ P from the formation residual pressure1Thereby obtaining an under-compaction overpressure △ P2The size of (2).
2. The method of evaluating formation underbalance and hydrocarbon formation pressurization of claim 1, wherein: the step S1 further includes:
s11, analyzing the relation between overpressure and formation deposition rate: counting the thickness of the single-well stratum and the initial time of stratum deposition, calculating the stratum deposition rate of each period, analyzing the relation between the stratum deposition rate and the stratum overpressure, and judging the development degree of the stratum under compaction and pressurization;
s12, analyzing the relation between overpressure and source rock maturity: and (3) counting the reflectivity test data of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite of the single well, analyzing the relation between the reflectivity of the hydrocarbon source rock vitrinite and the overpressure, and judging the development degree of hydrocarbon generation pressurization.
3. The method of evaluating formation underbalance and hydrocarbon formation pressurization of claim 1, wherein: the step S2 further includes:
s21, extracting formation resistivity: aiming at the overpressure and normal pressure stratum, extracting stratum resistivity parameters corresponding to the depths of all stratum pressure data points by using logging information;
and S22, calculating vertical effective stress parameters corresponding to the depths of the formation pressure data points according to a rock vertical effective stress formula.
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