CN113549475A - High-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, gasification furnace and washing and cooling process - Google Patents

High-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, gasification furnace and washing and cooling process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113549475A
CN113549475A CN202010634388.6A CN202010634388A CN113549475A CN 113549475 A CN113549475 A CN 113549475A CN 202010634388 A CN202010634388 A CN 202010634388A CN 113549475 A CN113549475 A CN 113549475A
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China
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washing
gas
cooling
cooling water
shell
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CN202010634388.6A
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Inventor
王亦飞
于广锁
陈雪莉
王辅臣
刘海峰
代正华
许建良
郭庆华
梁钦锋
李伟锋
郭晓镭
王兴军
龚岩
陆海峰
赵辉
刘霞
丁路
赵丽丽
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202010634388.6A priority Critical patent/CN113549475A/en
Publication of CN113549475A publication Critical patent/CN113549475A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C10K1/06—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials combined with spraying with water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, a gasification furnace and a washing and cooling process, wherein the device comprises a shell, a washing and cooling pipe and a bubbling liquid pool, the top of the shell is provided with a gas inlet, the washing and cooling pipe is communicated with the gas inlet and extends into the bubbling liquid pool, the upper end of the washing and cooling pipe is provided with a washing and cooling water distributor, and the washing and cooling water distributor is communicated with a washing and cooling water inlet on the side wall of the shell; the upper portion lateral wall of casing is equipped with gas outlet more than 2, and gas outlet is equipped with gas baffling baffle, is equipped with the bubble decollator in the tympanic bulla liquid pool. The washing and cooling device disclosed by the invention can adapt to an ultra-large coal gasification device with large synthesis gas amount and ash in the synthesis gas, can realize on-line regulation and control of the flow rate of the synthesis gas at the outlet, obviously relieves the problems of ash deposition and blockage at the gas outlet, uneven flow field distribution, scaling and abrasion of an outlet pipeline and the like, and has obvious effects on ensuring long-period, safe and stable operation of a large gasification device.

Description

High-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, gasification furnace and washing and cooling process
Technical Field
The invention relates to a synthesis gas washing, cooling and purifying assembly in a gasification technology, in particular to a high-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, a gasification furnace and a washing and cooling process.
Background
The entrained flow gasification technology is a coal gasification technology, pulverized coal is used as a raw material and is sprayed into a gasification furnace together with a gasification agent, the reaction temperature is very high, ash content is discharged in a molten state, and the entrained flow gasification technology has good application prospects in the fields of ammonia synthesis, methanol preparation, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation, urban gas and the like. At present, the chilling type entrained flow coal gasification technology is the most widely applied and mature technology for treating high-temperature gas in the gasification field.
In the chilling entrained flow coal gasification technology, a washing cooling chamber plays an important role as a washing cooling device of high-temperature synthesis gas, the high-temperature gas discharged by a gasification furnace is cooled and humidified, and most of ash residues are removed to meet the requirements of a subsequent working section. For example, a multi-nozzle opposed coal water slurry gasification furnace washing and cooling device adopts a composite bubbling bed combining spraying and annular space bubbling, gas and solid slag after chilling and cooling enter a liquid pool of the washing and cooling device along a descending pipe, a top immersion and annular space bubbling mode is adopted, gas phase is injected into a static liquid phase medium from a nozzle submerged in a liquid phase and is in an ascending motion mode in an annular space structure, the gas is suddenly expanded and flows in a large pipe diameter by negative buoyancy, gas washing and purification and gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation are completed in the process of passing through the liquid pool, and in the washing and cooling device, crude synthesis gas carrying molten ash is chilled to 200-300 ℃ from 1200-1650 ℃. With the increase of coal gasification, the synthetic gas amount is increased, the acid gas is increased, the black water entrainment of the gasification furnace is increased, and the washing and purifying requirements of the washing and cooling device are higher and higher.
From the above, the working environment in the washing and cooling device involves the fluid flow and heat and mass transfer process of high temperature and high pressure and gas-liquid-solid three-phase complex system. The existing chilling process coal gasification device adopts a single outlet for the washing and cooling device, but along with the large-scale gasification chamber and the improvement of the operation load, the gas amount of the crude synthesis gas entering the washing and cooling device is larger, more slag-containing liquid drops and fine ash can be carried, and serious problems of blockage, scouring and the like caused by the deposition of ash at a synthesis gas outlet pipeline and a mixer can be caused; in addition, for the single-outlet washing and cooling device, when the synthesis gas leaves from the washing and cooling device, the gas velocity is too fast, so that great disturbance is generated on the gas-liquid-solid three-phase transfer process in the bed layer, and the problems of unstable liquid level, too high pressure difference, uneven flow field distribution and the like in the gasification furnace can be caused. The above severe working conditions all affect the normal operation of the washing and cooling device, and further affect the long-period, safe and stable operation of the chilling process entrained flow gasification furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of gas scouring, easy dust accumulation and blockage at an outlet pipeline and a mixer, uneven distribution of a flow field in a washing and cooling device and unstable liquid level caused by severe working conditions of large-scale gasification furnace and high-load operation of the gasification furnace in the prior art, ash carrying in the synthesis gas and the like, and provide a high-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, the gasification furnace and a washing and cooling process.
According to the invention, the gas outlets and the baffle plates are arranged in the washing and cooling device, so that the flow of the outlet gas can be regulated and controlled after the load of the washing and cooling device is increased, the influence on the stability of a flow field in a bed layer, the gas scouring of an outlet pipeline and the blockage caused by ash accumulation and ash carrying of slag are reduced, and the long-period, safe and stable operation of the entrained flow gasifier in a chilling process is ensured.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a high-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device comprises a shell and a washing and cooling pipe, wherein the washing and cooling pipe is positioned in the shell, the lower part of the shell is enclosed to form a bubbling liquid pool, the top of the shell is provided with a gas inlet, the washing and cooling pipe is communicated with the gas inlet and extends into the bubbling liquid pool from top to bottom, the upper end of the washing and cooling pipe is provided with a washing and cooling water distributor, the side wall of the shell is provided with one or more washing and cooling water inlets, and the washing and cooling water distributor is communicated with the washing and cooling water inlets; a bubble divider is arranged in an annular space between the shell and the washing cooling pipe and is used for dividing bubbles in the bubbling liquid pool; the gas outlet is provided with more than 2 gas outlets, the gas outlets are provided with gas baffle plates, and the tops of the gas baffle plates are higher than the gas outlets.
Preferably, the number of the gas outlets is 2-4.
Preferably, the lower part of the gas baffle is provided with a strip-shaped or hole-shaped liquid guide channel for guiding liquid drops and fly ash carried by the gas with super-large flux.
Preferably, a black water outlet is arranged outside the side wall of the shell at the position of the bubbling liquid pool, and an ash separating baffle is arranged on the inner side wall of the shell corresponding to the black water outlet, so as to reduce solid ash particles in the slag-containing black water leaving the washing and cooling device and improve the water quality in the gasification furnace.
Preferably, the housing is provided with 4-8 washing cooling water inlets.
Preferably, the washing cooling water distribution device is a washing cooling water distribution ring, a plurality of annular slots are formed in the lower side of the washing cooling water distribution ring and used for forming an annular liquid film in the washing cooling pipe, and a plurality of central jet holes are further formed in the inner wall, close to the central axis of the washing cooling water distribution ring, and used for spraying out central spray water.
Preferably, the length of the washing cooling pipe is 0.2 m-10 m.
Preferably, the outlet of the washing cooling pipe is further provided with a flow guide pipe, the gas carrying ash and slag and the water of the vertical falling film from the washing cooling water distribution ring and the central spray water are discharged from the lower ends of the flow guide pipe and the washing cooling pipe into the bubbling liquid pool, and the number of the flow guide pipes is more than 2, more preferably 2-8, and most preferably 4.
Preferably, a static slag breaker is further arranged in the bubbling liquid pool and below the washing cooling pipe, and the washing cooling water distribution device, the washing cooling pipe and the static slag breaker are coaxially arranged; the static slag breaker is a circular table with a fixed grid at the upper part.
Preferably, the arrangement mode of the bubble dividers is a layered stacking mode; the number of layers in the layered stacking mode is preferably 2-5, more preferably 3-4; the bubble divider is in a sawtooth shape or a grid shape with a downward pointed end. In order to facilitate maintenance, the arrangement of the bubble dividers can also be in a combined module form; the contact part of the lower end of the bubble divider and the bubbles is in a sawtooth shape or a grid shape.
Preferably, the height-diameter ratio of the bubbling liquid pool is H/D (0.5-5), wherein D represents the equivalent diameter of the bubbling liquid pool, and H represents the height of the bubbling liquid pool.
Preferably, the material of the shell is selected from conventional materials suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments in the field, and preferably can be 11/4 Cr-1/2Mo (SA387Gr11Cl2) overlay welding AISI316L (corresponding to domestic CoCr17Ni13Mo2) or composite 316L, the material of the washing and cooling water distribution device is Incoloy 825, and the washing and cooling pipe material is selected from Incoloy 825 or a combination of Incoloy 825 and carbon steel/stainless steel.
Preferably, the washing cooling water distribution device is connected with the washing cooling pipe through a connecting plate, and the material of the connecting plate is Incoloy 825; more preferably, the connecting plate is a flange.
The invention also provides a gasification furnace which comprises the high-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device.
The invention also provides a washing and cooling process, which comprises the following steps: treating the high-temperature dusty gas by the high-temperature dusty gas washing and cooling device, and discharging the high-temperature dusty gas from the gas outlet; wherein, the flow velocity of the high-temperature dust-containing gas in the washing cooling pipe is 2-12 m/s, the temperature of the washing cooling water at the washing cooling water inlet is 100-300 ℃, the flow velocity of the washing cooling water at the outlet of the washing cooling water distribution device is 0.5-6 m/s, and the gas flow velocity at the gas outlet is 6-25 m/s.
Preferably, the temperature of the washing cooling water at the washing cooling water inlet is 247 ℃.
Preferably, the flow velocity of the gas in the scrubbing cooling tube is 2-6 m/s.
Preferably, the gas flow rate at the gas outlet is 8-15 m/s.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
1) compared with the washing and cooling device which is used industrially at present, the washing and cooling device can be more suitable for the ultra-large coal gasification device which has the characteristics of large synthesis gas amount, large acid gas amount, ash in the synthesis gas and the like, and reduces the scouring, the blockage and the abrasion of a gas outlet pipeline and a mixer; the method has the advantages of more uniform flow of fluid in the bed layer, more stable bed layer and contribution to stable industrial operation, and can be widely applied to the entrained flow gasification chilling process flow taking hydrocarbon-containing substances as raw materials.
2) The invention reduces the gas flow rate of the synthesis gas outlet by arranging a plurality of gas outlets. When the treatment load of the gasification furnace is further improved, such as coal quantity of 4000 tons or more per day, the synthetic gas quantity generated by gasification is obviously increased, if an outlet is still arranged, when the synthetic gas leaves from the washing and cooling device, the gas velocity is too high, great disturbance is generated in the gas-liquid-solid three-phase transfer process in the bed layer, the problems of unstable flow field, aggravated pipeline abrasion, more possibility of ash and liquid drops entrained by the outlet gas and the like are caused. Meanwhile, the bubble divider is arranged to weaken the coalescence of bubbles in the water bath, reduce the size of the formed bubbles, further increase the stability of the liquid level in the bed layer and improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.
3) The ultra-large flux gas can carry more liquid drops and fly ash, the baffling baffles are arranged at the gas outlets to block a small amount of liquid drops and ash slag carried by the synthetic gas, the outflow path of the synthetic gas is changed to further enhance the gas-liquid separation efficiency, the problems of blockage and abrasion of the synthetic gas carrying liquid and ash slag and the liquid drops and ash slag carried by the gas to a pipeline under large synthetic gas quantity are reduced, and the treatment load of the subsequent gas dust removal and purification process is reduced; in addition, the size of the gas baffle plate can be changed to serve as a similar small resistance component, so that the gas flow regulation of a plurality of outlets can be realized, and the washing load of subsequent gas can be regulated and controlled on line.
4) The static slag breaker is arranged to vertically impact and break slag blocks, so that the particle size of coarse slag particles can be reduced, and slag discharge is facilitated;
5) the ash separation baffle is arranged at the black water outlet to reduce solid ash particles in the slag-containing black water leaving the washing and cooling device, so that the washing effect is better, the water quality in the gasification furnace is improved, the scaling and abrasion of a black water pipeline can be obviously reduced, and the long-period, safe and stable operation of a large gasification device is obviously guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high temperature dusty gas scrubbing and cooling apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view and a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the gas outlet of a preferred embodiment of the present invention with gas baffle plates;
FIG. 3 is a side and top view of a black water outlet with an ash separation baffle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a static slag crusher in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-shell, 2-washing cooling pipe, 3-washing cooling water distribution ring, 4-washing cooling water inlet, 5-gas outlet, 6-gas baffling baffle, 7-gas inlet, 8-bubble divider, 9-draft tube, 10-static slag breaker 11-bubbling liquid pool 12-black water outlet 13-ash separation baffle 14-slag discharge outlet 15-vertical plate 16-annular plate
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions. It should be noted that the terms "connected," "connected," and "communicating" are used broadly and can be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two components. The meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be specifically understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-temperature dusty gas washing and cooling device in this embodiment includes a housing 1, a gas inlet 7, a washing and cooling water distribution ring 3, a washing and cooling pipe 2, a static slag breaker 10, a bubbling liquid pool 11, a black water outlet 12, and a slag discharge outlet 14. The washing cooling pipe 2 is positioned in the shell 1, and the lower part of the shell 1 is enclosed to form a bubbling liquid pool 11. The inner diameter of the shell 1 is 4200mm, and the effective height is 12000 mm; the inner diameter of the washing cooling pipe 2 is 1500mm, and the height is 8000 mm. The top of the shell 1 is provided with a gas inlet 7, and the washing cooling pipe 2 is communicated with the gas inlet 7 and extends into the bubbling liquid pool 11 from top to bottom. 4-8 washing cooling water inlets 4 are formed in the side wall of the shell 1, a washing cooling water distribution ring 3 is fixed at a gas inlet 7 and is communicated with the washing cooling water inlets 4, a plurality of annular slots are formed in the lower side of the washing cooling water distribution ring 3 and are used for forming an annular liquid film in the washing cooling pipe 2, and a plurality of central jet holes are further formed in the inner wall, close to the central axis of the washing cooling water distribution ring 3, and are used for jetting out central spray water; the upper end of the washing cooling pipe 2 is connected with a washing cooling water distribution ring 3 through a flange; the outlet of the washing cooling pipe 2 extends to the position below the liquid level of the bubbling liquid pool 11; 4 flow guide pipes 9 are also arranged at the outlet of the washing cooling pipe 2; a plurality of (for example, 2 to 4) gas outlets 5 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side wall of the shell 1, and as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of (for example, 2 to 4) gas baffle plates 6 are arranged inside the scrubbing and cooling device near the gas outlets 5, the gas baffle plates 6 are substantially L-shaped and are connected with the shell 1, the top of the gas baffle plates 6 is higher than the gas outlets 5, and strip-shaped liquid guide channels are arranged at the lower parts of the gas baffle plates 6 for guiding liquid drops and fly ash carried by the gas with ultra-large flux; the lower part of the washing and cooling device is provided with a static slag breaker 10, 4 layers of bubble dividers 8 (in a combined mode of stacking layers, the shape of the bubble divider 8 is a sawtooth shape with a downward pointed end or a grid shape) are arranged below the liquid level of the bubbling liquid pool 11, a black water outlet 12 is arranged outside the side wall of the shell 1 at the position of the bubbling liquid pool 11, and an ash-slag separating baffle 13 (shown in figure 3) is arranged on the inner side wall of the shell 1 corresponding to the black water outlet 12 so as to reduce solid ash-slag particles in the slag-containing black water leaving the washing and cooling device and improve the water quality in the gasifier. The lower part of the washing and cooling device is provided with a slag discharge outlet 14.
As shown in fig. 4, the static slag crusher 10 is a circular table with a fixed grid on the upper part, and includes a vertical plate 15 and a ring plate 16 which are uniformly distributed. The molten state ash from the gasification furnace is washed, cooled and quenched by water, and then is transformed and cracked into solid state ash with certain granularity. Wherein, the ash residue with small particle size passes through the grid space of the static slag breaker 10 and enters the lower part of the static slag breaker, most of the ash residue is settled or is taken as a lock bucket circulating water to be carried to the lock bucket, and a small amount of the ash residue enters the downstream working procedure along with black water. The ash slag with large particle size rolls downwards along the inclined plane (forming a 45-degree intersection angle with the water surface) of the grating of the static slag breaker 10 by means of gravity and the turbulence of water, and can be broken due to the turbulence of the water in the rolling process, so that the ash slag which is not broken is accumulated at the bottom of the static slag breaker 10 and is intercepted by the grating and is removed during maintenance.
The washing cooling water distribution ring 3, the washing cooling pipe 2 and the static slag breaker 10 are coaxially arranged.
The shell 1 is made of domestic CoCr17Ni13Mo2 suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments, the washing and cooling water distribution ring and the flange are made of Incoloy 825, and the washing and cooling pipe is made of Incoloy 825 or a combination of Incoloy 825 and stainless steel.
The operation method of the washing and cooling device in the embodiment is as follows: the high-temperature synthetic gas with slag from the gasification chamber flows downwards along the washing and cooling pipe 2 through the gas inlet 7 and the washing and cooling water distribution ring 3, and is contacted with the washing and cooling water in the pipe to realize the primary cooling of the synthetic gas; washing cooling water enters a washing cooling water distribution ring 3 from 4-8 washing cooling water inlets 4 arranged on a shell 1, the flow speed of the washing cooling water at the outlets of washing cooling water distribution devices is 0.5-6 m/s, the average water speed at the outlets is 3m/s, the washing cooling water is distributed by the washing cooling water distribution ring 3 and then enters a washing cooling pipe 2 in a vertical falling film and spray shape, the washing cooling pipe 2 and flowing high-temperature dust-containing gas are subjected to a heat and mass simultaneous transfer process, the washing cooling pipe 2 is immersed in a bubbling liquid pool 11, the outlet of the washing cooling pipe 2 is positioned below the liquid level, a draft tube 9 is further arranged at the outlet, and synthetic gas is bubbled in the bubbling liquid pool 11 after exiting the washing cooling pipe 2 and is further cooled; the solidified ash formed by cooling, reducing and agglomerating the molten ash settles below the bubbling liquid pool 11 or on the static slag breaker 10, and larger ash is broken by the static slag breaker 10 to reduce the granularity of the ash and facilitate slag discharge; the bubble divider 8 is positioned below the liquid level and is used for breaking bubbles to form a bubbling bed for heat and mass transfer; a gas baffling baffle 6 is arranged at the gas outlet 5, the gas baffling baffle 6 is fixed on the inner side wall of the shell, a gap is reserved between the gas baffling baffle 6 and the gas outlet 5, the top of the gas baffling baffle 6 is higher than the gas outlet 5 and is used for blocking a small amount of liquid drops and ash slag carried by the synthetic gas and preventing the synthetic gas outlet pipeline and the mixer from being blocked by accumulated ash; the plurality of gas outlets 5 are symmetrically arranged at the upper part of the washing and cooling device, compared with a single gas outlet, an indoor flow field is more uniform, and meanwhile, the indoor pressure difference and the gas outflow speed are reduced, and the abrasion of the synthetic gas to an outlet pipeline is reduced; finally, the syngas flows through a plurality of symmetrically arranged gas outlets 5 into the next processing unit. A black water outlet 12 is arranged below the bubbling liquid pool 11, an ash separation baffle 13 is arranged in front of the outlet, washing cooling water is fully contacted with high-temperature gas from top to bottom, the washing and cooling process of the high-temperature dust-containing gas is completed, molten ash contained in high-temperature crude synthesis gas discharged from the gasification chamber is quenched under the action of the molten ash, a small part of ash with smaller particles is merged into the washing cooling water to form slag-containing black water, the slag-containing black water flows out of the black water outlet 12 to a subsequent slag-containing black water treatment process after the action of the ash separation baffle 13, and most of the ash is crushed by the static slag breaker 10 and then is discharged out of the gasification furnace through a slag discharge outlet 14 of the gasification furnace shell 1.
Taking 4000 ton-day-treatment-level coal water slurry entrained-flow bed gasification furnace as an example, the pressure of crude synthesis coal gas entering the gas washing and cooling device of the embodiment of the invention is 6.5MPa, the temperature is 1300 ℃, and the coal gas flow is 361000Nm3H, dry gas containing H2＝35％，CO＝44％，CO2＝20％，N20.2% of CH4、Ar、H2S、COS、NH3HCl, HCN, HCOOH, etc., accounting for about 0.8%. The ash content in the crude synthetic gas entering the shell 1 is 65.0g/Nm based on the dry gas3(dry gas), i.e. ash, is carried in the raw synthesis gas at 16.8 tonnes/hour into the housing 1.
The high-temperature crude synthesis gas passes through a gas inlet 7 at the speed of 6.0m/s, enters a washing and cooling pipe 2 after passing through a washing and cooling water distribution ring 3, the temperature of cooling washing water is 247 ℃, and the flow of washing and cooling water entering the washing and cooling water distribution ring 3 through 4 washing and cooling water inlets 4 arranged on a shell 1 is 750m3Per h, i.e. water addition of 1.4kg water/Nm3Gas and washing cooling water are sprayed out of the annular slot and the central jet hole in the washing cooling water distribution ring 3 at an average speed of 4m/s to cool the washing water distribution ring 3, a vertical falling film and a central jet flow are formed on the inner wall of the washing cooling pipe 2 to form spraying, so that the gas in the washing cooling pipe 2 is rapidly cooled and humidified, molten-state ash carried in the gas meets the primary cooling washing water and is quenched, solidified and infiltrated, part of the ash with smaller particle size is carried by gas phase (fly ash), and the rest enters the water phase to be mixed with the water.
The temperature of the coal gas after being cooled and humidified by spraying is about 500 ℃, ash, slag and spraying water are carried out to enter the bubbling liquid pool 11 from the lower ends of the guide pipe 9 and the washing and cooling pipe 2, under the action of the combined bubble divider 8, the crude synthesis gas is in full bubbling contact with the water in the bubbling liquid pool 11, and the temperature of rising gas leaving the free interface of the bubbling liquid pool is about 255 ℃. The gas flow rate at the gas outlet 5 is 8-15 m/s.
The gas carries a small amount of dropping liquid and most of small-particle-size ash slag with the particle size larger than 1mm to enter an upper gas-liquid separation space formed by the washing cooling pipe 2 and the shell 1, part of saturated water in the crude synthesis gas is condensed by taking fine ash carried in the saturated water as a core, the carried fly ash is wetted by the liquid drop group again to be agglomerated, and the separation from the gas is realized under the action of gravity. And quenched ash with the particle size larger than or equal to 1mm is intercepted and crushed by the grid space of the static slag breaker 10 and then falls into a liquid-solid settling area below the shell 1, wherein the ash settles under the action of gravity and enters a lock hopper below the gasification furnace through an opening of the lock hopper, and is periodically discharged out of the gasification furnace. The water (black water) after 330t/h (ton/h) washing the cooling gas is sent to downstream equipment from a black water outlet 12 through an ash separating baffle 13 for recycling and discharging. After 10 months of operation using the scrubbing and cooling unit of this example, there was essentially no visible wear at the gas outlet 5 and the black water outlet 12.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device is characterized by comprising a shell and a washing and cooling pipe, wherein the washing and cooling pipe is positioned in the shell, the lower part of the shell is enclosed to form a bubbling liquid pool, a gas inlet is formed in the top of the shell, the washing and cooling pipe is communicated with the gas inlet and extends into the bubbling liquid pool from top to bottom, a washing and cooling water distributor is arranged at the upper end of the washing and cooling pipe, one or more washing and cooling water inlets are formed in the side wall of the shell, and the washing and cooling water distributor is communicated with the washing and cooling water inlets; a bubble divider is arranged in an annular space between the shell and the washing cooling pipe and is used for dividing bubbles in the bubbling liquid pool; the gas outlet is provided with more than 2 gas outlets, the gas outlets are provided with gas baffle plates, and the tops of the gas baffle plates are higher than the gas outlets.
2. A high temperature dusty gas scrubbing cooling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of said gas outlets is 2 to 4;
and/or the lower part of the gas baffling baffle is provided with a strip-shaped or hole-shaped liquid guide channel;
and/or a black water outlet is arranged outside the side wall of the shell at the position of the bubbling liquid pool, and an ash-slag separating baffle is arranged on the inner side wall of the shell corresponding to the black water outlet;
and/or 4-8 washing cooling water inlets are formed in the shell.
3. The high-temperature dusty gas scrubbing and cooling device of claim 1, wherein said scrubbing cooling water distribution means is a scrubbing cooling water distribution ring, said scrubbing cooling water distribution ring having a plurality of annular slots formed in the underside thereof for forming an annular liquid film in said scrubbing cooling pipe, and a plurality of central jet holes for ejecting central shower water are formed in the inner wall of said scrubbing cooling water distribution ring adjacent to the central axis thereof.
4. A high temperature dusty gas scrubbing cooling device as in claim 1, wherein said scrubbing cooling tubes are 0.2-10 m in length;
and/or a flow guide pipe is also arranged at the outlet of the washing cooling pipe; the number of the draft tubes is more than 2, preferably 2 to 8, and more preferably 4.
5. The high-temperature dusty gas washing and cooling device of claim 1, wherein a static slag breaker is further disposed in the bubbling liquid pool below the washing and cooling pipe, and the washing and cooling water distribution device, the washing and cooling pipe and the static slag breaker are coaxially arranged;
preferably, the static slag breaker is a circular table with a fixed grid at the upper part.
6. The high-temperature dusty gas washing and cooling device of claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the bubble dividers is a layered stacking manner; the number of layers in the layered stacking mode is preferably 2-5, more preferably 3-4;
and/or the bubble divider is in a shape of a sawtooth shape with a downward pointed end or a grid shape.
7. The high-temperature dusty gas washing and cooling device of claim 1, wherein the height-to-diameter ratio of the bubbling liquid pool is 0.5-5H/D, wherein D represents the equivalent diameter of the bubbling liquid pool, and H represents the height of the bubbling liquid pool;
and/or the washing cooling water distribution device is connected with the washing cooling pipe through a connecting plate; preferably, the connecting plate is a flange.
8. A gasification furnace comprising a high-temperature dusty gas scrubbing and cooling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A washing and cooling process of high-temperature dusty gas is characterized by comprising the following steps: treating the high-temperature dusty gas by a high-temperature dusty gas washing and cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and discharging the high-temperature dusty gas from the gas outlet; wherein, the flow velocity of the high-temperature dust-containing gas in the washing cooling pipe is 2-12 m/s, the temperature of the washing cooling water at the washing cooling water inlet is 100-300 ℃, the flow velocity of the washing cooling water at the outlet of the washing cooling water distribution device is 0.5-6 m/s, and the gas flow velocity at the gas outlet is 6-25 m/s.
10. The scrubbing-cooling process of claim 9, wherein the flow rate of the high-temperature dusty gas in said scrubbing-cooling duct is 2 to 6 m/s;
and/or the gas flow rate at the gas outlet is 8-15 m/s.
CN202010634388.6A 2020-07-02 2020-07-02 High-temperature dust-containing gas washing and cooling device, gasification furnace and washing and cooling process Pending CN113549475A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115854737A (en) * 2022-12-08 2023-03-28 湖南科技大学 Method for determining redundancy critical height of overflow plate of water bath heat exchanger

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115854737A (en) * 2022-12-08 2023-03-28 湖南科技大学 Method for determining redundancy critical height of overflow plate of water bath heat exchanger

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