CN208472004U - A kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas - Google Patents

A kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN208472004U
CN208472004U CN201820677395.2U CN201820677395U CN208472004U CN 208472004 U CN208472004 U CN 208472004U CN 201820677395 U CN201820677395 U CN 201820677395U CN 208472004 U CN208472004 U CN 208472004U
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inner cavity
synthesis gas
section inner
separating
upper section
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单育兵
高鑫
徐江
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Colin energy technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd.
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CHOREN FUTURE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model belongs to Coal Gasification Technology field, specifically provides a kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas, and device includes: gasification furnace shock chamber, for being washed and being cooled down to crude synthesis gas, obtains the synthesis gas, slag and Heisui River of preliminary purification;Venturi scrubber forms dust-laden drop for carrying out wetting and dust capture to the synthesis gas of preliminary purification;Separating, washing tower, inner cavity are divided into upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity, and lower section inner cavity receives the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop and carries out gas-liquid separation;Synthesis gas flow-guiding structure is equipped between upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;Upper section inner cavity is used to wash the synthesis gas entered in it to remove remaining subparticle, and obtains the synthesis gas of purification, sewage, and Quench water pump is used to send supernatant liquor circulation to gasification furnace shock chamber and Venturi scrubber.The utility model can obtain the excellent synthesis gas of dust removing effects by the equipment that quantity is few, drag losses are small, while detersive efficiency can be improved.

Description

A kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas
Technical field
The utility model belongs to Coal Gasification Technology field, is mainly used for the cleaning dust of dust-laden crude synthesis gas, and in particular to A kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas.
Background technique
China is the country of a rich coal, oil-poor, few gas, can be generated using raw coal gasification and is with carbon monoxide and hydrogen Main synthesis gas produces methanol, can also synthesize the chemicals such as ammonia, ethylene glycol, is that China is the most universal at this stage, directly and will The production line adhered to for a long time.Often dust burdening is bigger for the crude synthesis gas generated after gasifying, if cannot effectively divide Defection causes adverse effect to downstream section.
The molten ash that the high-temperature synthesis gas that gasification reaction generates in gasification furnace vaporizer carries, through chilled water and water-bath Cooling solidify slag separates, but certain solid granule is also had in synthesis gas, and main component is lime-ash and carbon residue.It is right Fine ash content height, granularity are small in the entrained flow gasification especially dried coal powder technique using the higher raw coal of ash content, synthesis gas, if It cannot be separated well, after synthesis gas takes down-stream system to, easily cause pipeline, the dust stratification of bed, blocking and catalyst Poisoning, the final stable operation for influencing device.
Existing a part of ash disposal, dedusting technology reduce fine ash only in gasification furnace external expansion, not in shock chamber and take Band, and the use of external washing facility, not only long flow path, number of devices are more, are unfavorable for maintenance, whole to remove dirt fruit Difference;And drag losses are big, constrain efficient, the stable operation of gasification installation.For example, patent document CN105062574A is disclosed A kind of efficient combined type dust-laden synthesis gas washing dust-extraction unit, although it is contemplated that partial particulate is passed through rotation outside shock chamber Wind separator is separated, and improves the water quality that wash tower bottoms are used as chilled water, but in the indoor primary wash effect of Quench Difference, the equipment being related to is more, long flow path, and equipment room is attached using high temperature, high-pressure gas pipelines, needs to consider pipe stress, Pipe arrangement difficulty is big, equipment and pipeline investment are high.
Patent document CN106398779A discloses a kind of synthesis gas washing dedusting dewatering system, is only in original venturi On washer plus scrubbing tower process, cannot meet the technological requirements, dustiness is higher, influences the case where downstream section production, simply Increase subsequent processing device, extend process and remove remaining fine ash.Although this method also can be realized its purpose, simultaneously The reason of former flow and method dedusting effect difference is not sought from principle, water quality is more preferable though Venturi scrubber has used, it is solid to contain Lower high temperature, high pressure buck (low pressure buck is pressurized, is pumped into Venturi scrubber after heating) are measured, but chilled water still uses The high buck of wash tower bottoms dust burdening affects the indoor primary wash ash disposal of Quench, keeps synthesis gas band ash serious, to washing The ash disposal efficiency requirements of tower and tube bank separator are higher;The structure of tube bank whizzer is unfavorable for cleaning, and is easy fouling blockage, System resistance drop can also be increase accordingly.Meanwhile the process flow is there is also similar long flow path, stress pipe arrangement difficulty is big, Equipment pipe invests high disadvantage.
Patent document CN107189824A discloses a kind of efficient ash handling equipment of polynary gasification furnace exit gas and technique, choosing Selected the lower condensate liquid of solid content through flashing after washing system discharge it is pressurized after as washing water.Though this method is one Determine to improve detersive efficiency in degree, but whole washing waters especially larger chilled water of dosage is all from low pressure condensate liquid and adds through pump Pressure, so that the energy consumption that system pumps at runtime is very big;Though having used the better condensate liquid of water quality, shock chamber in shock chamber It is inside not provided with dedusting, the foam removal facility of auxiliary, so that synthesis gas band ash, band water are serious, multistage Venturi scrubbing can only be passed through The form that device matches increases weight a large amount of fine ash wetting in synthesis gas in order to separate, in this way but also the resistance of system will rise It is high;It is to run counter to theoretical research by the way of spray washing for micro little particle fine ash washing together last in synthesis gas , inferior separating effect is washed, equipment needs are very huge just to be met the requirements.The patent overall flow is too long, equipment is more and And it is big, stress pipe arrangement is more complex, equipment and pipeline investment are big;Energy consumption height, resistance are big when device is run, comprehensive operation efficiency It is low, belong to " disregarding cost " formula and improves dust removing effects.
In a kind of synthesis gas washing treatment process disclosed in patent document CN107189824A, washing flow there is no Significant change still adds the process of scrubbing tower using Venturi scrubber, and after passing through accurate filter filtering high temperature, high pressure Heisui River Direct reuse does as chilled water and washing water the mode for improving dust removing effects;But the grain graininess in Heisui River is small, it is accurate Filter is easy blocking, it has not been convenient to clean, can't realize long period, stable industrialized production operation at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is that in view of the problems of the existing technology, providing a kind of cleaning dust of synthesis gas Device, the equipment few by quantity, drag losses are small can obtain the synthesis gas of cleaning dust excellent effect, while conjunction can be improved At the detersive efficiency of gas.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model provides a kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas, comprising:
The gasification furnace shock chamber being connected with gasification furnace vaporizer, crude synthesis gas for being generated to gasification furnace vaporizer into Row washing and the cooling drop to separate slag contained therein, bulky grain fine ash and entrainment, obtain preliminary purification synthesis gas, Slag and Heisui River;
Venturi scrubber, for carrying out wetting formation band dust-containing liquid to through the gasification furnace shock chamber resulting synthesis gas of processing The synthesis gas of drop;
The inner cavity of separating, washing tower, the separating, washing tower is divided into upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;The lower section inner cavity Equipped with synthesis gas import, for receiving from synthesis gas of the Venturi scrubber gained with dust-laden drop;The upper section inner cavity and The synthesis gas water conservancy diversion knot for making the intracavitary synthesis gas with dust-laden drop in lower section enter upper section inner cavity is equipped between lower section inner cavity Structure;The upper section inner cavity, which is used to wash, enters synthesis gas intracavitary in upper section to remove wherein remaining subparticle, and obtains Synthesis gas, the sewage of purification;The upper section inner cavity is equipped with the syngas outlet exported for the synthesis gas of the purification;
Quench water pump, for using at least part of supernatant liquor in sewage upper layer of separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity as Quench Water circulation is sent to gasification furnace shock chamber, and for at least part of upper layer in sewage upper layer of separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity is clear Liquid is sent as washing water circulation to Venturi scrubber.
According to cleaning dust device provided by the utility model, it is preferable that the cleaning dust device further include: Hei Shuichu Reason system is precipitated and is filtered for the Heisui River to separating, washing tower and the discharge of gasification furnace shock chamber, to obtain buck and return Washing water as separating, washing tower.
It, can after the sewage sedimentation that separation and washing generate in the upper section inner cavity of the separating, washing tower in the utility model With layering, it is supernatant liquor positioned at upper layer, is dust-laden sewage positioned at bottom.
The high pressure Heisui River of system discharge is obtained after being depressured to normal pressure, cooling, solid-liquid separation treatment by black water treatment system To available buck, then heated, pressurization (being usually above vapor pressure 0.5MPaG) return system reuse (referred to as high temperature, height afterwards Press buck).In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the high temperature, high pressure buck pass through the washing water of separating, washing tower Washing water of the import as upper section inner cavity.
In the utility model, the high-temperature crude synthesis gas that gasification furnace vaporizer generates passes sequentially through gasification furnace shock chamber, Wen Qiu In washer and separating, washing tower, be respectively completed the washing point of slag and bulky grain fine ash and drop in the synthesis gas to dedusting Dust-laden drop separation and the washing separation of little particle fine ash in material after wetting weight gain, wetting weight gain from, material.
According to cleaning dust device provided by the utility model, it is preferable that the specific structure of the gasification furnace shock chamber can Using the corresponding construction of 20 2,016 006 668 U1 of patent document DE.
In the gasification furnace shock chamber, the water quality of chilled water is very big on the influence of Quench indoor washing effect, contains Grey solid content is lower, better to the primary wash effect of synthesis gas, separative efficiency is higher.Simultaneously because Quench room pressure is higher, Consider energy consumption, the chilled water of shock chamber directly adopt by chilled water pumping Lai pressure is higher, separation that water quality is best is washed Wash the supernatant liquor of tower upper section inner cavity, it is possible to reduce individually need to heat when supply chilled water, pressurization brings the additional energy to consume Take.
According to cleaning dust device provided by the utility model, in a kind of example, in the Venturi scrubber, at it It washs water outlet end and is equipped with spinning disk.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that can be selected from the spinning disk of this field routine, belong to text The universal design of class equipment in mound, can reach better with gas its purpose is to water and mix;Effect is changed by runner It sprays liquid with the cyclone mode of certain tangential velocity, is formed and cut with gas, strengthen mixing.The setting of spinning disk can make Washing water meets to form water mist with high speed synthesis gas at a certain angle, the fine ash particle carried secretly in the drop and synthesis gas after atomization Sharp impacts make soot particle be humidified;The update collided between drop and drop, can enable dust-laden drop cohesion grow up, increase with Gas it is of poor quality.
Venturi scrubber, which passes through, carries out high-speed impact with the synthesis gas being passed through for the washing water for entering Venturi scrubber So that dust is entered liquid phase, and increases and form dust-laden drop.Venturi scrubber using by chilled water pumping come pressure it is higher, The supernatant liquor of the best separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity of water quality can reduce the use of high temperature, high pressure buck as washing water in this way Amount saves energy consumption.High temperature, high pressure buck also can be used as its spare washing water.
According to cleaning dust device provided by the utility model, it is preferable that the separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity, which is equipped with, swashs Cooling water outlet, for exporting the supernatant liquor in the upper section inner cavity;
The chilled water outlet of the water inlet of the Quench water pump and the separating, washing tower;The Quench water pump goes out The mouth of a river is connected to the Quench water inlet of gasification furnace shock chamber;The water outlet of the Quench water pump also with the washing of Venturi scrubber Water inlet is connected.
It is highly preferred that segmented baffle is equipped in the inner cavity of the separating, washing tower, it is described for the inner cavity to be divided into Upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;In the preferred embodiment, the segmented baffle is in " inverted funnel " shape, and is opened in its funnel bottle neck Equipped with interface;By segmented baffle is arranged the droplet carried in the synthesis gas of lower section inner cavity can also flow up to strike After segmented baffle, assemble to form liquid film and enter by gravity in the Heisui River of lower section inner cavity along baffle;
The synthesis gas flow-guiding structure includes: cross over pipe, and the cross over pipe is located in the upper section intracavitary, and cross over pipe Bottom nozzle is connected with the interface of the segmented baffle so that the upper section inner cavity and the perforation of lower section inner cavity.
It is furthermore preferred that the synthesis gas flow-guiding structure further includes waterproof guide plate;The waterproof guide plate is located at cross over pipe Top and the nozzle for blocking cross over pipe top, and there are gaps between waterproof guide plate and the nozzle on cross over pipe top, so that by The synthesis gas of the top nozzle outflow of cross over pipe uniformly spreads and flows into the upper section inner cavity.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the outer contour shape of the waterproof guide plate is in truncated cone-shaped.It is described Waterproof guide plate is used to making that gas uniformly spread and column plate upwards flows;The droplet that synthesis gas carries hits waterproof guiding Prolong baffle after plate to assemble to form liquid film and enter by gravity in the bottom water of upper section inner cavity;While the waterproof guide plate is also It can prevent the washing water to fall from entering in cross over pipe.The outer contour shape of the waterproof guide plate is designed as truncated cone-shaped, it can It is damaged with the impact for preventing following gas (containing drop) and top water from being formed, extends equipment service life.
Preferably, the bottom outer diameter of the waterproof guide plate is 1.5~2.5 times of the connection pipe outside diameter;
Preferably, the cross over pipe and the plane where waterproof guide plate bottom and the plane where segmented baffle bottom It is perpendicular.
According to cleaning dust device provided by the utility model, it is preferable that the separating, washing tower further include: gas distribution Device, it is intracavitary in lower section for the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop entered by synthesis gas import to be distributed in;The gas point Cloth device be located in the lower section inner cavity and with the synthesis gas inlet communication;
The gas distributor is the straight tube being arranged along synthesis gas import direction vertical tower body, described straight tube one end and conjunction It is connected at gas import, the other end is cecum, and is provided with gas flow guiding notch in the side wall of straight tube, for guiding by synthesis gas import The relatively described straight tube of synthesis gas into lower section inner cavity flows diagonally downward.Synthesis gas with dust-laden drop passes through fluting straight tube Section is dispersed in the lower section inner cavity and is oliquely downward sprayed by included angle, can avoid washing away shell in air flap The residence time is improved under submission as far as possible, realizes synthesis gas and dust-laden drop by of poor quality using gravity in lower lumen Gas-liquid separation.
It is highly preferred that the gas flow guiding notch is opened up along the length direction of the straight tube to the bottom sidewall of straight tube, And two of gas flow guiding notch are along the angle of plane and horizontal plane where the notch side of the length direction extension of straight tube 15-45°;
In the straight tube, fluting area accounts for the 1/4~1/2 of straight tube sidewall surfaces product.
According to cleaning dust device provided by the utility model, it is preferable that the lower sides of separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity Offer the first blowdown connection mouth, the lower sides of separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity offer the second blowdown connection mouth, first and Second blowdown connection mouth is connected by pipeline, by small flow or intermittent blowdown, for by sewage bottom intracavitary in upper section The dust-laden sewage that layer is deposited is guided in lower section inner cavity, prevents deposition from blocking;
Separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity and be located at the second blowdown connection mouth below position offer Heisui River export I, the bottom of the separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity offer Heisui River outlet II, are used to discharge separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity and produce The dust-laden sewage that raw Heisui River and upper section inner cavity generate.
It is furthermore preferred that the upper portion side wall of the upper section inner cavity of the separating, washing tower offers washing water inlet;Upper section inner cavity In be provided with demister and washing column plate, and the demister be located at washing column plate and wash water inlet top;Pass through synthesis Remaining subparticle in the counter current contacting of gas and washing water on column plate, condensation and wetting removing synthesis gas;The synthesis gas Outlet is opened in the top of the upper section inner cavity.
Enter separation after synthesis gas soaks through Venturi scrubber and captures dust, cohesion forms the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop Scrubbing tower lower section inner cavity.In a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model, the syngas outlet of the Venturi scrubber Synthesis gas import with the separating, washing tower directly passes through flanged joint, it is possible to reduce the product of the pipeline of synthesis gas after venturi Ash, blocking.
The utility model achieves that dust-laden drop separation and subparticle are washed by separate unit separating, washing tower, in upper section The dust-laden buck in bottom of chamber portion enters lower section inner cavity by way of small flow blowdown, the high solids Heisui River with lower section intracavity bottom Outlet together, the supernatant liquor of upper section inner cavity are pumped into shock chamber as chilled water by chilled water and use, and solid content is low, solid Body grain graininess is smaller, water quality is more preferable, can not only reduce fouling and blocking in chilling ring but also be conducive to direct sharp containing grey synthesis gas Cold and washing, improves the primary wash efficiency of shock chamber, makes that system includes grey Heisui River and washing water utilization is more reasonable.
The Heisui River that the dust-laden sewage of separating, washing tower upper section intracavity bottom and lower section inner cavity generate is connected on the outside of tower, Dust-laden sewage and Heisui River are only discharged by separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity, reduce the overall length of relevant Heisui River valve and Heisui River pipeline Degree, is conducive to operation and maintenance and reduces investment outlay.
Because dirt most of in synthesis gas and ash are separated in the lower section inner cavity of shock chamber and separating, washing tower, drop The low dust removal requirement to column plate in Venturi scrubber and separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity, washes Venturi scrubbing water and column plate The water consumption for washing water decreases, and these water are all by high temperature, high pressure used in pump pressurized delivered, especially column plate Buck (needs to be pressurized to high pressure from normal pressure, energy consumption is big), and the reduction of dosage can effectively reduce the energy consumption of buck pressurization, heating, Save the energy.
Technical solutions of the utility model bring beneficial effect is:
(1) point that gasification furnace shock chamber and Venturi scrubber are good using water quality, dustiness is low and solid particle granularity is small From scrubbing tower supernatant liquor as washing water, under the premise of meeting cleaning dust requirement, preferentially using in cleaning dust device Separating, washing tower discharge high temperature, high pressure clear liquid, reduce the height by being sent into entire cleaning dust device after heating, pressurizeing Temperature, high pressure buck dosage, reductions of dosage can effectively reduce buck pressurization, heating energy consumption, reduce usage on black water with The energy consumptions such as buck pressurization heating, save the energy.
(2) cleaning dust device overall flow of the invention is compact, equipment number is few, valve control less, land occupation and throw Washing requirement, it can be achieved that synthesis gas is provided while low, drag losses are small, and final gained synthesis gas dustiness is lower than 1mg/Nm3
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the cleaning dust device of synthesis gas described in the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of separating, washing tower in a kind of example of cleaning dust device described in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the structure enlargement diagram of the part circle Z in separating, washing tower shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is gas distributor in separating, washing tower shown in Fig. 2 along the schematic cross-sectional view figure of line C-C.
Fig. 5 is the schematic elevation view of gas distributor in separating, washing tower shown in Fig. 2.
Above-mentioned figure label is described as follows:
1- gasification furnace vaporizer, 2- gasification furnace shock chamber, 3- Venturi scrubber, 4- separating, washing tower, 5- Quench water pump, The thick slag of 6- removes slag bath, 7- black water treatment system, 8- high temperature, high pressure buck, condensate liquid of the 9- from downstream, and 10- is sent to downstream Synthesis gas;
4-1~syngas outlet, 4-2~demister, 4-3~washing water inlet, 4-4~column plate, 4-5~chilled water go out Mouthful, the blowdown connection mouth of 4-6~cross over pipe, 4-7~first, the blowdown connection mouth of 4-7 '~second, 4-8~gas distributor, 4-9~ Heisui River exports I, 4-10~Heisui River outlet II, 4-11~synthesis gas import, 4-12~segmented baffle, 4-13~waterproof guide plate, 4-14~tower body.
Specific embodiment
In order to the technical characteristics of the utility model and content is understood in detail, it is described in more detail below practical Novel preferred embodiment.Although describing preferred embodiments of the present invention in embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that can To realize the utility model without that should be limited by the embodiments set forth herein in a variety of manners.
In a kind of example of the utility model, the cleaning dust device of synthesis gas is as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
The gasification furnace shock chamber 2 being connected with gasification furnace vaporizer 1, the thick synthesis for being generated to gasification furnace vaporizer 1 Gas is washed and is cooled down to separate the drop of slag contained therein, bulky grain fine ash and entrainment, and the conjunction of preliminary purification is obtained At gas, slag and Heisui River;
Venturi scrubber 3 makes dust quilt for soaking to handling resulting synthesis gas through gasification furnace shock chamber 2 The washing water of atomization is captured and is agglomerated, and forms the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop;
The inner cavity of separating, washing tower 4, the separating, washing tower 4 is divided into upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;In the lower section Chamber is equipped with synthesis gas import 4-11, for receiving from 3 synthesis gas of the gained with dust-laden drop of Venturi scrubber;The upper section The synthesis gas for making the intracavitary synthesis gas with dust-laden drop in lower section enter upper section inner cavity is equipped between inner cavity and lower section inner cavity Flow-guiding structure;The upper section inner cavity is used to wash into synthesis gas intracavitary in upper section to remove wherein remaining subparticle, And obtain the synthesis gas of purification, sewage;The upper section inner cavity is equipped with the syngas outlet 4- exported for the synthesis gas of the purification 1;
Quench water pump 5, for using at least part of supernatant liquor in sewage upper layer of 4 upper section inner cavity of separating, washing tower as sharp Circulating chilled water is sent to gasification furnace shock chamber 2, and for the sewage upper layer of 4 upper section inner cavity of separating, washing tower is at least part of Layer clear liquid is sent as washing water circulation to Venturi scrubber 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning dust device further include: black water treatment system 7, for separation The Heisui River that scrubbing tower 4 and gasification furnace shock chamber 2 are discharged is depressured to normal pressure, cools down, is precipitated, filtered and be separated by solid-liquid separation, with Obtain buck;Heated again, pressurization (usual pressure is higher than vapor pressure 0.5MpaG, and temperature is 150~160 DEG C) returns afterwards The washing water of separating, washing tower 4 is made in system reuse.
The gasification furnace shock chamber of the utility model can use gasification furnace shock chamber commonly used in the art, a kind of preferred implementation In mode, the gasification in 20 2,016 006 668 U1 of patent document DE is can be used in the specific structure of the gasification furnace shock chamber 2 Furnace shock chamber.The chilled water of shock chamber directly adopt by chilled water pumping Lai pressure is higher, separating, washing tower that water quality is best The supernatant liquor of upper section inner cavity, it is possible to reduce individually need to heat when supply chilled water, pressurization brings additional energy consumption.
The Venturi scrubber of the utility model can use Venturi scrubber commonly used in the art, a kind of preferred implementation In mode, spinning disk is equipped in the washing water outlet end of the Venturi scrubber.Using by chilled water pumping come pressure compared with High, the preferable separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity of water quality supernatant liquor can reduce the use of high temperature, high pressure buck as washing water Amount saves energy consumption.Venturi scrubber is by by its washing water and the synthesis that is passed through from the syngas outlet of gasification furnace shock chamber Gas carries out high-speed impact to make dust enter liquid phase, and increases and form dust-laden drop.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, 4 upper section inner cavity of the separating, washing tower is equipped with Quench water out 4-5, for exporting the supernatant liquor in the upper section inner cavity;
The water inlet of the Quench water pump 5 is connected to the Quench water out 4-5 of the separating, washing tower;The Quench water pump 5 water outlet is connected to the Quench water inlet of gasification furnace shock chamber 2;The water outlet of the Quench water pump 5 also with Venturi scrubbing The washing water inlet of device 3 is connected.
Segmented baffle 4-12 is equipped in the inner cavity of the separating, washing tower 4, for the inner cavity to be divided into the upper section Inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;Segmented baffle 4-12 is in " inverted funnel " shape, and offers interface in its funnel bottle neck;
The synthesis gas flow-guiding structure includes: cross over pipe 4-6, the cross over pipe 4-6 be located at it is intracavitary in the upper section, and join The bottom nozzle of siphunculus is connected with the interface of the segmented baffle 4-12 so that the upper section inner cavity and the perforation of lower section inner cavity.Point Section baffle 4-12 is able to bear the liquid level for the certain altitude that material is formed in upper section inner cavity.
The synthesis gas flow-guiding structure further includes waterproof guide plate 4-13;The waterproof guide plate 4-13 is located at cross over pipe 4- 6 tops and the nozzle for blocking cross over pipe top, and between waterproof guide plate 4-13 and the nozzle on the top cross over pipe 4-6 there are Gap, so as to uniformly be spread by the synthesis gas that the top nozzle of cross over pipe flows out and flowed into the upper section inner cavity.
In Fig. 2, shown in arrow indicate entry into the synthesis gas flow direction with dust-laden drop in separating, washing tower.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, the outer contour shape of the waterproof guide plate 4-13 In truncated cone-shaped;And the bottom outer diameter b of waterproof guide plate 4-13 is 1.5~2.5 times of the cross over pipe 4-6 outer diameter a.Preferred one In kind of embodiment, the cross over pipe 4-6 and plane and the bottom segmented baffle 4-12 where the bottom waterproof guide plate 4-13 The plane at place is perpendicular.On the one hand the waterproof guide plate 4-13 is used to making gas uniformly to spread and column plate 4- upwards 4 flowings;The droplet that synthesis gas carries is assembled to form liquid film and enter by gravity along baffle after hitting waterproof guide plate In the bottom water of upper section inner cavity;On the other hand it can also prevent the washing water to fall from entering in cross over pipe 4-6.
The separating, washing tower 4 further include: gas distributor 4-8, for it will be entered as synthesis gas import 4-11 described in Synthesis gas with dust-laden drop is distributed in intracavitary in lower section;The gas distributor 4-8 be located in the lower section inner cavity and with institute State synthesis gas import 4-11 connection;
As shown in figure 5, the gas distributor 4-8 is straight to be arranged along synthesis gas import direction vertical tower body 4-14 Pipe, described straight tube one end are connect with synthesis gas import 4-11, and the other end is cecum, and is provided with gas flow guiding slot in the side wall of straight tube Mouthful, for guiding the relatively described straight tube of the synthesis gas for entering lower section inner cavity by synthesis gas import 4-11 to flow diagonally downward.Band contains The synthesis gas of dirt drop is dispersed in the lower section inner cavity by gas distributor 4-8 and is oliquely downward sprayed by included angle Out, the residence time is improved as far as possible in the case where avoiding the submission for washing away shell, lead to synthesis gas and dust-laden drop in lower lumen It crosses utilization gravity of poor quality and realizes gas-liquid separation.
As shown in figure 4, the gas flow guiding notch is opened up along the length direction of the straight tube to the bottom sidewall of straight tube, And two of gas flow guiding notch are along the angle theta of plane and horizontal plane where the notch side of the length direction extension of straight tube 15-45°;
In the straight tube, fluting area accounts for the 1/4~1/2 of straight tube sidewall surfaces product.
The lower sides of 4 upper section inner cavity of separating, washing tower offer the first blowdown connection mouth 4-7, in separating, washing tower lower section The lower sides of chamber offer the second blowdown connection mouth 4-7 ', first and second blowdown connection mouth is connected by pipeline, is used for The dust-laden sewage that sewage bottom intracavitary in upper section is deposited is guided in lower section inner cavity;
4 lower section inner cavity of separating, washing tower and be located at the second blowdown connection mouth 4-7 ' below position offer Heisui River I 4-9 is exported, the bottom of the 4 lower section inner cavity of separating, washing tower offers Heisui River outlet II 4-10, is used to discharge separation and washes The dust-laden sewage that the Heisui River and upper section inner cavity for washing the generation of tower lower section inner cavity generate;
The upper portion side wall of the upper section inner cavity of separating, washing tower 4 offers washing water inlet 4-3;It is provided with and removes in upper section inner cavity Foam device 4-2 and washing column plate 4-4, and the demister 4-2 is located at washing column plate 4-4 and washs the top of water inlet 4-3;Pass through The counter current contacting of synthesis gas and washing water on column plate, condensation and wetting removing are through subparticle remaining in synthesis gas;It is described Syngas outlet 4-1 is opened in the top of the upper section inner cavity.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model, the syngas outlet of the Venturi scrubber 3 with it is described Synthesis gas import 4-11 passes through flanged joint, it is possible to reduce the dust stratification of the pipeline of synthesis gas, blocking after venturi.
Below in a kind of embodiment of the utility model, using the cleaning dust device as described in figure 1 above to synthesis gas The technique for carrying out cleaning dust is introduced, which mainly includes the following steps:
(i) crude synthesis gas that gasification furnace vaporizer 1 generates enters in gasification furnace shock chamber 2, is washed by chilled water It washs and cools down, isolate the drop of the slag contained in crude synthesis gas, bulky grain fine ash and entrainment, obtain the synthesis of preliminary purification Gas, slag and Heisui River;
(ii) synthesis gas of the preliminary purification is fed through Venturi scrubber 3 to soak, is captured in synthesis gas Dust simultaneously agglomerates, and forms the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop;
(iii) synthesis gas that dust-laden drop is carried in Venturi scrubber 3 enters separating, washing through synthesis gas import 4-11 Tower 4, and upper section inner cavity is flowed to by lower section inner cavity, through sedimentation separation and washing, the synthesis gas that is purified, sewage and black Water;
The clear liquid at the middle and upper levels of 4 upper section inner cavity of separating, washing tower is pumped into gasification furnace shock chamber 2 and venturi by Quench water pump 5 The washing water of washer 3, chilled water and Venturi scrubber 3 respectively as the gasification furnace shock chamber 2 uses.
In the preferred embodiment, (i) crude synthesis gas of the generation of gasification furnace vaporizer 1 enters in gasification furnace shock chamber 2, By the cooling of chilled water moisture film and enter water bath shampoo face hereinafter, being washed and being cooled down in a water bath, isolates in crude synthesis gas The drop of the slag, bulky grain fine ash and entrainment that contain obtains the synthesis gas, slag and Heisui River of preliminary purification;Slag and big Grain fine ash enters thick slag and slag bath 6 is gone to be handled, and Heisui River enters black water treatment system 7 and precipitated and filtered.
In the preferred embodiment, the synthesis gas of the preliminary purification is fed through Venturi scrubber 3 by (ii), by washing It washs water wetting wetting and captures dust, cohesion is entered under separating, washing tower 4 after forming dust-laden drop by synthesis gas import 4-11 Section inner cavity, the syngas outlet of Venturi scrubber 3 and the synthesis gas import 4-11 pass through flanged joint;It is distributed according to gas The runner of device 4-8, gas are flowed downward with entering lower section inner cavity obliquely, and speed gradually decreases, and liquid passes through weight because of poor quality Power effect is segregated into the Heisui River of bottom.
In the preferred embodiment, (iii) enters the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop of separating, washing tower 4 by segmented baffle After 4-12, by communicating pipe 4-6 in tower body 4-14 by lower section inner cavity to upper section inner cavity, in this course, most of drop Entrainment fine ash is by gravitational settling or hits cohesion after segmented baffle and forms liquid film in scrubbing tower lower section inner cavity by sedimentation separation, into In the Heisui River for entering lower section intracavity bottom;Micro dust-laden drop and fine particle passes through cross over pipe 4-6 to separation with synthesis gas The upper section inner cavity of scrubbing tower is flowed, and in uphill process, part dust-laden drop and fine ash particle settle whereabouts in cross over pipe 4-6 Or cohesion after the waterproof guide plate 4-13 on the top cross over pipe 4-6 is struck upwards form liquid film and fall and enter upper section inner cavity Water phase in;
4 upper section inner cavity (washing section) of separating, washing tower is used to wash micro subparticle damaged in separating synthetic gas, Synthesis gas passes through the column plate 4-4 that is equipped with of tower tray, washed water washing, condensation, fine fine ash remaining in separating synthetic gas;It washes Optional 4~6 pieces and 2~4 washings water inlet 4-3 of column plate 4-4 of use is washed, bubble-cap can be used in the column plate 4-4 of upper layer washing Formula or float-valve type, washing water are the condensate liquid 9 from downstream entered by condensate inlet (not marking in figure);Middle lower layer washes The column plate 4-4 washed can be used solid valve type or sieve-board type, and washing water is that black water treatment system 7 is precipitated, filtered and separating treatment Afterwards, heated, reuse after pressurization high temperature, high pressure buck 8, are entered in tower by washing water inlet 4-3;Pass through the foam removal at top The foam and drop carried secretly in synthesis gas in device 4-2 separation column plate washing process, what the form of demister can be conventional for this field Baffle plate type or spiral-flow plate-type;Finally, it needs to send to the synthesis gas 10 in downstream and be separated through the demister 4-2 of separating, washing top of tower Through syngas outlet 4-1 discharge, into down-stream system after the mist of entrainment.
The dust-laden sewage of the upper section intracavity bottom deposition of separating, washing tower 4, passes through the side of small flow accomplished continuously or intermittently blowdown Formula is discharged by the first blowdown connection mouth 4-7, and the pipe through being connected to the first blowdown connection mouth 4-7 and the second blowdown communication port 4-7 ' The lower section inner cavity in road and entrance separating, washing tower 4.To which the Heisui River of the dust-laden sewage of upper section inner cavity and the generation of lower section inner cavity is together I 4-9 is exported by Heisui River and Heisui River exports II 4-10 discharge.
Wherein, the supernatant liquor of 4 upper section inner cavity of separating, washing tower passes through Quench water pump 5 after Quench water out 4-5 outflow It is pumped into gasification furnace shock chamber 2 and Venturi scrubber 3, is washed respectively as the chilled water and venturi of the gasification furnace shock chamber 2 Wash the washing water of device 3.
The Heisui River that separating, washing tower 4 and gasification furnace shock chamber 2 are discharged be sent into black water treatment system 7 precipitated, filter and After separating treatment, heated, pressurization returns again to system as high temperature, high pressure ash water recycling.
By the washing knockout tower 4 of internal chamber section, the dustiness in synthesis gas is separated in lower section Heisui River and is discharged it is System, the good supernatant liquor of upper section water quality are sent to gasification furnace shock chamber 2 as sharp by Quench water pump 5 after Quench water out 4-5 The washing water of cold water and Venturi scrubber 3 uses, it is ensured that shock chamber and the better washing effect of venturi.
4 lower section of gasification furnace shock chamber 2 and separating, washing tower contains solid black water discharge to black water treatment system 7 through precipitating, mistake After filter, separation, high temperature, high pressure buck return system reuse are used as after pressurized, heating.The washing water of 4 upper section of separating, washing tower The condensate liquid that can be sent for high temperature, high pressure buck and the rear system of reuse.
Embodiment 1:
Air flow bed coal water slurry gasifying device generates synthesis gas, vapor pressure 6.5MPaG, coal feeding amount about 2000t/d, and gasification is used Content of ashes 10% in coal.The cleaning dust of synthesis gas is carried out using the cleaning dust device of above-mentioned synthesis gas shown in FIG. 1, is swashed Cold house's inner separator uses spiral board form;The bottom surface radius of waterproof guide plate is 2 times for being connected to pipe outside diameter in separating, washing tower; The included angle of fluting straight pipe is 20 °, and fluting area accounts for the 40% of straight pipe surface area;The setting of separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity 5 stratotype column plates, wherein being for most upper two layers float-valve type, excess-three layer is solid valve type, and washing water two-way supplies water, be condensate liquid all the way from Condensate liquid import (being not drawn into figure) enters, and is located at the first floor column plate of tower tray, is high temperature all the way, (pressure is height to high pressure buck In vapor pressure 0.5MpaG, temperature is 150 DEG C), it is located at third layer column plate;The demister of separating, washing tower uses spiral board shape Formula.Ash content and the carbon not reacted completely on a small quantity enter gasification furnace shock chamber in solid form after quenching after gasification reaction, The solid particle that the granularity of middle 50wt% or so (about 4800kg/h) is 3mm sweeps along little particle dust by gravity by slag bath Discharge;Little particle dust of the remaining granularity in 0.1um~150um then passes through gasification furnace shock chamber, Venturi scrubber respectively And the column plate of separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity, separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity carries out cleaning dust.Wherein 75%wt or so Little particle dust (about 3500kg/h) is separated in the washing of gasification furnace shock chamber by chilled water and enters usage on black water with Heisui River System;20wt% or so little particle dust (about 960kg/h) is after Venturi scrubber soaks in separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity In be separated and be discharged into black water treatment system with Heisui River;Remaining fine dust (about 323kg/h, 0.1~5um of granularity) into Enter separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity, continues to separate by washing column plate and demister, be ultimately delivered in the synthesis gas of down-stream system Dustiness is lower than 1mg/Nm3, dust in washing water passes through between the first, second blowdown communication port except a small amount of dust-laden sewage that formed Unicom pipeline enter lower section inner cavity and be drained into outside black water treatment system with Heisui River, remaining is suspended in supernatant liquor (liquid Solid content is lower than 0.1wt%, 0.1~5um of solid granularity) and be discharged from Quench water out and be quenched water pump and be respectively fed to gasify Furnace shock chamber and Venturi scrubber are used as chilled water and washing water, total water consumption about 360t/h (wherein Venturi scrubbing Water about 90t/h, chilled water 270t/h).
In addition, being compared to conventional washing process, the application is meeting synthesis gas and melting because of the variation of chilled water water quality Lime-ash is cooling under conditions of dedusting, and Quench water consumption reduces 10% or so;Because intracavitary synthesis gas contains in separating, washing tower upper section Dust quantity lowers, and washing water consumption can reduce by 5% or so.This set system can save 300,000 kw*h of power consumption every year.
Embodiment 2:
Air flow bed dry powder coal gasification apparatus generates synthesis gas, vapor pressure 4.0MPaG, coal feeding amount about 1500t/d, and gasification is used Content of ashes 25% or so in coal.It is removed using the washing that the cleaning dust device of above-mentioned synthesis gas shown in FIG. 1 carries out synthesis gas Dirt, the indoor separator of gasification furnace Quench use spiral board form;The bottom surface radius of waterproof guide plate is to connect in separating, washing tower 2.2 times of siphunculus outer diameter;The included angle of straight pipe of slotting is 30 °, and fluting area stands erectly the 30% of pipeline section surface area;Separation is washed It washs tower upper section inner cavity and 5 stratotype column plates is set, wherein being for most upper two layers bubble-cap type, excess-three layer is solid valve type, and washing water two-way supplies Water, condensate liquid enters and is located at the first floor column plate of tower tray from condensate liquid import (being not drawn into figure) all the way, all the way high temperature, high pressure ash Water (pressure is higher than vapor pressure 0.5MpaG, and temperature is 150 DEG C) is located at third layer column plate;Demister is adopted in separating, washing tower With baffle plate form.Ash content and the carbon not reacted completely on a small quantity enter gasification furnace in solid form after quenching after gasification reaction Shock chamber, wherein the granularity of 70wt% or so (about 11600kg/h) is that the solid particle of 3mm sweeps along little particle dust to pass through gravity Effect is discharged by slag bath;Little particle dust of the remaining granularity in 0.1um~100um then passes through gasification furnace shock chamber, text respectively Washer and the column plate of separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity, separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity carry out cleaning dust in mound.Wherein 70% The little particle dust (about 3500kg/h) of wt or so by chilled water gasification furnace shock chamber it is washed separate and with Heisui River into Enter black water treatment system;20wt% or so little particle dust (about 1000kg/h) is after Venturi scrubber soaks in separating, washing It is separated in tower lower section inner cavity and is discharged into black water treatment system with Heisui River;Remaining fine dust (about 462kg/h, granularity 0.1~2um) enter separating, washing tower upper section inner cavity, continue to separate by washing column plate and demister, is ultimately delivered to down-stream system Synthesis gas in dustiness be lower than 1mg/Nm3, dust in washing water passes through the first, second blowdown except a small amount of dust-laden sewage that formed Unicom pipeline between communication port enters lower section inner cavity and is drained into outside black water treatment system with Heisui River, and it is clear that remaining is suspended in upper layer (liquid solid content is lower than 0.2wt%, 0.1~2um of solid granularity) and is discharged from Quench water out and is quenched water pump point in liquid Not Song Ru gasification furnace shock chamber and Venturi scrubber used as chilled water and washing water, total water consumption about 285t/h is (wherein Venturi scrubbing water about 65t/h, chilled water 220t/h).
It is compared to conventional washing process, the application is meeting synthesis gas and molten ash because of the variation of chilled water water quality Under conditions of cooling and dedusting, Quench water consumption reduces 8% or so;Because synthesis gas dustiness subtracts in separating, washing tower upper section cavity Low, washing water consumption can reduce by 7% or so, this set system can save 200,000 kw*h of power consumption every year.
Each embodiment of the utility model is described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and And it is also not necessarily limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for Many modifications and changes are obvious for those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas characterized by comprising
The gasification furnace shock chamber (2) being connected with gasification furnace vaporizer (1), the thick conjunction for being generated to gasification furnace vaporizer (1) It is washed and is cooled down at gas to separate the drop of slag contained therein, bulky grain fine ash and entrainment, obtain preliminary purification Synthesis gas, slag and Heisui River;
Venturi scrubber (3) forms band and contains for soaking to through the resulting synthesis gas of gasification furnace shock chamber (2) processing The synthesis gas of dirt drop;
The inner cavity of separating, washing tower (4), the separating, washing tower (4) is divided into upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;In the lower section Chamber is equipped with synthesis gas import (4-11), for receiving from synthesis gas of Venturi scrubber (3) gained with dust-laden drop;It is described The conjunction for making the intracavitary synthesis gas with dust-laden drop in lower section enter upper section inner cavity is equipped between upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity At conductance flow structure;The upper section inner cavity, which is used to wash, enters synthesis gas intracavitary in upper section to remove wherein remaining fine Grain, and obtain the synthesis gas of purification, sewage;The upper section inner cavity is equipped with the syngas outlet exported for the synthesis gas of the purification (4-1);
Quench water pump (5), for using at least part of supernatant liquor in sewage upper layer of separating, washing tower (4) upper section inner cavity as sharp Circulating chilled water is sent to gasification furnace shock chamber (2), and is used for the sewage upper layer of separating, washing tower (4) upper section inner cavity at least partly Supernatant liquor as washing water circulation send to Venturi scrubber (3).
2. cleaning dust device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that separating, washing tower (4) the upper section inner cavity is set There is Quench water out (4-5), for exporting the supernatant liquor in the upper section inner cavity;
The water inlet of the Quench water pump (5) is connected to the Quench water out (4-5) of the separating, washing tower;The Quench water pump (5) water outlet is connected to the Quench water inlet of gasification furnace shock chamber (2);The water outlet of the Quench water pump (5) also with literary mound In the washing water inlet of washer (3) be connected.
3. cleaning dust device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that set in the inner cavity of the separating, washing tower (4) There is segmented baffle (4-12), for the inner cavity to be divided into the upper section inner cavity and lower section inner cavity;Segmented baffle (4-12) is in " inverted funnel " shape, and interface is offered in its funnel bottle neck;
The synthesis gas flow-guiding structure includes: cross over pipe (4-6), the cross over pipe (4-6) be located at it is intracavitary in the upper section, and join The bottom nozzle of siphunculus is connected with the interface of the segmented baffle (4-12) so that the upper section inner cavity and the perforation of lower section inner cavity.
4. cleaning dust device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the synthesis gas flow-guiding structure further includes waterproof Guide plate (4-13);The waterproof guide plate (4-13) is located at the cross over pipe top (4-6) and blocks the nozzle on cross over pipe top, and There are gaps between waterproof guide plate (4-13) and the nozzle on the top cross over pipe (4-6), so that by the top nozzle stream of cross over pipe Synthesis gas out spreads and flows into the upper section inner cavity.
5. cleaning dust device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the outer profile of the waterproof guide plate (4-13) Shape is in truncated cone-shaped;The bottom outer diameter of the waterproof guide plate (4-13) is 1.5~2.5 times of the cross over pipe (4-6) outer diameter;
Where plane and the bottom segmented baffle (4-12) where the cross over pipe (4-6) and the bottom waterproof guide plate (4-13) Plane it is perpendicular.
6. cleaning dust device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the separating, washing tower (4) further include: gas Distributor (4-8), for the synthesis gas with dust-laden drop entered by synthesis gas import (4-11) to be distributed in lower section It is intracavitary;The gas distributor (4-8) is located in the lower section inner cavity and is connected to the synthesis gas import (4-11);
The gas distributor (4-8) is the straight tube being arranged along synthesis gas import direction vertical tower body (4-14), the straight tube One end is connect with synthesis gas import (4-11), and the other end is cecum, and is provided with gas flow guiding notch in the side wall of straight tube, for drawing It leads and is flowed diagonally downward by the relatively described straight tube of synthesis gas that synthesis gas import (4-11) enters lower section inner cavity.
7. cleaning dust device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the gas flow guiding notch is along the straight tube Length direction open up to the bottom sidewall of straight tube, and the slot that two of gas flow guiding notch extend along the length direction of straight tube The angle of plane and horizontal plane where mouth side is 15-45 °;
In the straight tube, fluting area accounts for the 1/4~1/2 of straight tube sidewall surfaces product.
8. cleaning dust device described in any one of -7 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that separating, washing tower (4) upper section The lower sides of inner cavity offer the first blowdown connection mouth (4-7), and the lower sides of separating, washing tower lower section inner cavity offer Two blowdown connection mouths (4-7 '), first and second blowdown connection mouth are connected by pipeline, for by sewage intracavitary in upper section The dust-laden sewage that bottom is deposited is guided in lower section inner cavity;
Separating, washing tower (4) lower section inner cavity and be located at the second blowdown connection mouth (4-7 ') below position offer Heisui River It exports I (4-9), the bottom of separating, washing tower (4) the lower section inner cavity offers Heisui River outlet II (4-10), is used to discharge point The dust-laden sewage that the Heisui River and upper section inner cavity generated from scrubbing tower lower section inner cavity generates;
The upper portion side wall of the upper section inner cavity of the separating, washing tower (4) offers washing water inlet (4-3);Upper section is arranged in inner cavity There are demister (4-2) and washing column plate (4-4), and the demister (4-2) is located at washing column plate (4-4) and washing water inlet The top of (4-3);The syngas outlet (4-1) is opened in the top of the upper section inner cavity.
9. cleaning dust device according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that the Venturi scrubber (3) Syngas outlet and the synthesis gas import (4-11) of the separating, washing tower (4) pass through flanged joint.
10. cleaning dust device according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that the cleaning dust device is also Include: black water treatment system (7), for separating, washing tower (4) and gasification furnace shock chamber (2) discharge Heisui River carry out precipitating with Filtering, to obtain buck and the washing waters of separating, washing tower (4) is made in reuse.
CN201820677395.2U 2018-05-08 2018-05-08 A kind of cleaning dust device of synthesis gas Active CN208472004U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108441266A (en) * 2018-05-08 2018-08-24 科林未来能源技术(北京)有限公司 A kind of the cleaning dust device and its cleaning dust technique of synthesis gas
CN113234487A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-08-10 中国神华煤制油化工有限公司 Gasification furnace, slag discharge device, washing tower, gasification system and gasification method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108441266A (en) * 2018-05-08 2018-08-24 科林未来能源技术(北京)有限公司 A kind of the cleaning dust device and its cleaning dust technique of synthesis gas
CN113234487A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-08-10 中国神华煤制油化工有限公司 Gasification furnace, slag discharge device, washing tower, gasification system and gasification method

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