CN113548895B - Carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofiber with skin-core structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofiber with skin-core structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nano-fibers with a skin-core structure and a preparation method thereof. The prepared carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fibers has a unique skin-core structure, the surface skin layer is a compact film structure and can reflect a large amount of incident electromagnetic waves, the middle core layer is a three-dimensional interpenetrating porous network structure and can provide more interfaces to prolong the transmission path of the electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves are effectively converted into heat to be consumed, and the carbon aerogel film has excellent electromagnetic shielding performance and can be applied to the field of aerospace as a light shielding material; in addition, the solar photovoltaic panel has excellent photo-thermal conversion performance, can respond to changeable extreme environments, and has the effect of providing heat and simultaneously furthest reducing the consumption of energy. The preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the operation is simple, the performance is excellent, and good controllability is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nano-fibers with a skin-core structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electromagnetic pollution has been recognized as the fourth major public hazard after atmospheric pollution, water pollution, noise pollution. The human environment of united nations will largely place electromagnetic radiation as one of the major pollutants that must be controlled. According to foreign data, electromagnetic radiation has become one of the pathogenic sources endangering human health nowadays. In recent decades, wireless communication equipment has been rapidly developed, and particularly, with the arrival of the 5G era, the density of communication towers has been gradually increased, electromagnetic radiation has a great influence on the security of the military field and the accuracy of high-end instruments, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic radiation also poses a serious threat to the health of people. At present, the electromagnetic shielding material is gradually developed from the traditional metal material which is easy to corrode and has high density to the carbon-based material and the composite material thereof which have light weight and corrosion resistance. In addition, with the special fields of aerospace, intelligent electronics, wireless communication and the like, the light and ultrathin electromagnetic shielding materials are increasingly required. Therefore, it is one of the current research hotspots to search for a multifunctional electromagnetic shielding material with ultra-thin and/or low density and high electromagnetic shielding performance.
Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness generally reflects the ability of an electromagnetic shielding material to shield and attenuate electromagnetic waves. For lightweight, ultra-thin EMI shielding materials, specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) is a more important measure in view of its density and thickness. In order to realize high SSE/t, people focus on light and ultrathin two-dimensional electromagnetic shielding films. In general, a pearl-like thin film containing a highly oriented conductive filler is considered to be the most promising electromagnetic shielding material. However, the electromagnetic shielding performance of an electromagnetic shielding film for forming a good conductive network depends greatly on the high content of the conductive filler, which tends to affect the mechanical properties and processability. More importantly, the dense structure makes the obtained electromagnetic shielding film have high density, and cannot provide enough space to absorb electromagnetic waves, thereby resulting in relatively low SSE/t of the electromagnetic shielding film. It is noted that the three-dimensional porous conductive material having a multi-scale interface, such as sponge, foam, aerogel, etc., can provide sufficient internal reflection space for electromagnetic waves, thereby exhibiting excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. The shielding efficiency of the three-dimensional porous shielding material is different from that of a two-dimensional compact electromagnetic shielding film mainly depending on the conductivity, and the shielding efficiency of the three-dimensional porous shielding material is influenced by the conductivity, and the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional porous shielding material also plays an important role in the shielding efficiency. Therefore, building a three-dimensional porous conductive structure in a two-dimensional shielding film is one of the feasible strategies to achieve high SSE/t. However, the conventional 10-200 μm macroporous structure is difficult to be introduced into a thin film with a thickness of less than 200 μm. At present, although some meaningful work has been done on porous electromagnetic shielding films, it is still challenging to realize excellent porous electromagnetic shielding films in terms of three-dimensional structural design and flexible manufacturing method.
In recent years, three-dimensional porous carbon aerogel prepared by pyrolyzing biomass or polymer aerogel at high temperature becomes a potential research direction for preparing electromagnetic shielding materials due to excellent performances of ultralow density, obvious conductivity, large specific surface area, unique three-dimensional carbon skeleton structure and the like. Aramid Nanofibers (ANFs) are formed by dissolving and regenerating poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers, contain rich conjugated aromatic structures in a framework, and are considered as promising alternative materials for constructing high-conductivity pyrolytic carbon materials. Recent studies have shown that solutions of ANF in dimethylsulfoxide can be protonated by solvents and water to form strong ANF hydrogels with crosslinked nanofiber networks. The ANF aerogel thin film with the entangled nano fiber porous network structure can be easily obtained from a hydrogel state by combining the blade coating and freeze drying assembly technology, and the formed ANF aerogel thin film with the porous network structure is mainly applied as an electrode material and does not have excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. Therefore, the method is a technical work with important application value for exploring the skin-core structure ANF derived carbon aerogel thin film with ultrahigh electromagnetic shielding performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers and having a skin-core structure, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon aerogel film are compact film structures, and the middle of the carbon aerogel film is a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, so that the electromagnetic shielding performance and the photothermal conversion capability of the aramid nanofiber aerogel film are improved.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber with the skin-core structure, and the aerogel film prepared by the method has a typical skin-core structure, remarkable electromagnetic shielding performance and photothermal conversion capability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nano-fibers with a skin-core structure is prepared by sequentially carrying out freeze drying and carbonization on the aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film; the upper and lower surfaces are compact film structures, and the middle is a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure core layer.
Further, the aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film is prepared by blade-coating an aramid nano-fiber solution on a glass plate to form an aramid nano-fiber coating with a certain thickness, and soaking the aramid nano-fiber coating in deionized water for protonation.
Furthermore, the aramid nano-fiber solution is prepared by sequentially adding poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and potassium hydroxide into dimethyl sulfoxide, and stirring and dissolving the mixture uniformly at room temperature; wherein the mass concentration of the poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers in the aramid nano fiber solution is 5 to 15mg/mL; the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide to the poly-p-phenylene terephthamide fiber is 2:3 to 3:2.
the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers are all-p-polyaramids formed by condensation polymerization of p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride; preferably Kevlar-29 fibres and/or Kevlar-49 fibres.
Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the invention, the aramid nanofiber hydrogel film is prepared by uniformly blade-coating an aramid nanofiber solution on a glass plate by using a scraper, wherein the distance between the scraper and the glass plate is 0.5-5 mm, and after an aramid nanofiber coating with a certain thickness is formed, soaking the aramid nanofiber coating in deionized water for protonation; wherein the protonation treatment comprises the step of placing the glass plate into deionized water to be soaked for 3 days at normal temperature, and the deionized water is replaced for 3 to 5 times per day.
Preferably, the temperature of the freeze drying is-45 to-85 ℃, the pressure is 5 to 20Pa, and the freeze drying time is 1 to 3 days;
the carbonization treatment is to put the aramid fiber nano-fiber aerogel film into a tubular furnace, set the temperature program to heat from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserve heat for 2 hours, then heat to 800-1500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserve heat for 2 hours.
The preparation method of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber with the skin-core structure comprises the following operation steps:
1) Preparing an aramid nanofiber solution: sequentially adding poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and potassium hydroxide into dimethyl sulfoxide, and uniformly stirring and dissolving to obtain an aramid nanofiber solution; preferably, stirring for 7 days at normal temperature until the poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers are completely and uniformly dissolved to obtain an aramid nanofiber solution; the mass fraction of the poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers in the aramid nano fiber solution is 5 to 15mg/mL; the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide to the poly-p-phenylene terephthamide fiber is 2:3 to 3:2;
2) Preparing an aramid nanofiber hydrogel film: uniformly blade-coating the aramid nano-fiber solution prepared in the step 1) on a glass plate to form an aramid nano-fiber coating, and then soaking the glass plate in deionized water to prepare an aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film; preferably, uniformly coating the aramid nano-fiber solution prepared in the step 1) on a glass plate by using a scraper; the distance between the scraper and the glass plate is 0.5 to 5mm; in the step 2), the glass plate is placed into deionized water to be soaked for 3 days at normal temperature, and the deionized water is replaced for 3 to 5 times every day;
3) Preparing a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers: carrying out freeze drying treatment on the aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film prepared in the step 2) to obtain an aramid nano-fiber aerogel film; carbonizing the aramid nano-fiber aerogel film to obtain a carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber with a skin-core structure; preferably, the temperature of freeze drying is-45 to-85 ℃, the pressure is 5 to 20Pa, and the freeze drying time is 1 to 3 days; the carbonization treatment is to put the aramid fiber nano fiber aerogel film into a tubular furnace, set the temperature program to heat from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keep the temperature for 2 hours, then heat to 800-1500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keep the temperature for 2 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a process method combining the protonation preparation of hydrosol film with freeze drying and carbonization treatment, the prepared carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nano-fiber has a unique skin-core structure, the surface skin layer is a compact film structure and can reflect a large amount of incident electromagnetic waves, the middle core layer is a three-dimensional interpenetrating porous network structure and can provide more interfaces to prolong the transmission path of the electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves are effectively converted into heat to be consumed, and the improvement of the electromagnetic shielding performance is facilitated;
2. the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fibers provided by the invention has excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, and can be applied to the field of aerospace as a light shielding material;
3. the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber provided by the invention has excellent photo-thermal response behavior, can cope with changeable extreme environments, has a heat supply effect, simultaneously reduces the energy consumption to the maximum extent, and accords with the national development concepts of green, sustainable development and energy conservation and emission reduction through photo-thermal conversion;
4. the method is simple, low in cost, simple to operate, excellent in performance and good in controllability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process flow of preparing a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers having a skin-core structure in example 1 of the present invention; wherein a represents that the aramid fiber nanofiber solution prepared in the step 1) is subjected to Blade coating (Blade-coating) on a smooth glass plate at a constant speed by using a scraper in the step 2); b represents soaking in deionized water for solvent exchange (solvent-exchange); c represents freeze-drying (freeze-drying) and carbonization (pyrolysis);
fig. 2 is a diagram of an object of a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers having a skin-core structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers having a skin-core structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an electromagnetic shielding schematic diagram of a carbon aerogel thin film derived from aramid nanofibers having a sheath-core structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an electromagnetic shielding test chart of a carbon aerogel thin film derived from aramid nanofibers with a sheath-core structure under X-band and K-band and different thicknesses of the carbon aerogel thin film prepared in example 1 of the present invention under X-band;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic shielding application test of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofiber having a sheath-core structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a photo-thermal response test chart of the carbon aerogel thin film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the sheath-core structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an electromagnetic shielding test chart of the aramid nanofiber aerogel film prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention in X band;
FIG. 9 is a photo-thermal performance test chart of the aramid nano-fiber aerogel film prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of a carbon aerogel thin film prepared according to comparative example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an electromagnetic shielding test chart of the carbon aerogel thin film prepared in comparative example 3 of the present invention in X band.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The equipment and reagents used in the examples and the experimental examples were commercially available except as specifically indicated.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers and having a skin-core structure, and the preparation method of the carbon aerogel film is shown in fig. 1, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following operation steps:
1) Preparing an aramid nanofiber solution: sequentially adding poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and potassium hydroxide into dimethyl sulfoxide, and stirring for 7 days at room temperature until the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers are completely and uniformly dissolved to obtain 15mg/mL aramid nano-fiber solution; wherein the mass ratio of the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fiber to the potassium hydroxide is 2:3;
2) Preparing an aramid nanofiber hydrogel film: uniformly scraping and coating the aramid nano-fiber solution prepared in the step 1) on a smooth glass plate by using a scraper, wherein the set thickness is 1.5mm; then slowly placing the blade-coated glass plate into deionized water and soaking for 3 days, and replacing the deionized water for 5 times per day to obtain an aramid nanofiber hydrogel film;
3) Preparing a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers: freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine at-45 deg.C and 10 Pa for 2 days to obtain aramid fiber aerogel film; and putting the carbon aerogel film into a tube furnace for carbonization, and setting the program to heat the carbon aerogel film from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, then heating the carbon aerogel film to 1500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano fiber with the skin-core structure.
The performance of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofiber with the sheath-core structure prepared in this example was tested:
1. appearance and appearance characterization:
the structure of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the skin-core structure prepared in this example is observed by SEM, as shown in fig. 3, and by combining with the physical diagram of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the skin-core structure prepared in this example, as shown in fig. 2, it is shown that the skins on the upper and lower surfaces of the film prepared in this example are dense film structures, and the intermediate core layer is a three-dimensional interpenetrating porous network structure, which is a unique sandwich-like skin-core structure.
2. And (3) testing the electromagnetic shielding performance:
(1) As shown in fig. 4, in combination with the principle that the appearance morphology structure analysis of the carbon aerogel thin film derived from the aramid nanofiber with the sheath-core structure prepared in this embodiment improves the electromagnetic shielding efficiency, a large amount of incident electromagnetic waves are shielded by the compact sheath, and the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure in the middle increases the incident interface of the electromagnetic waves and increases the multilayer reflection of the electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the electromagnetic shielding efficiency;
(2) The vector network analyzer is adopted to measure the electromagnetic shielding performance of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber with the skin-core structure, when the thickness is 162 mu m, the shielding efficiency of the carbon aerogel film on the electromagnetic waves of an X wave band and a K wave band respectively reaches 41.4 dB and 42.2 dB (as shown in figure 5), and the specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) is as high as 47122.6 dB cm 2 /g；
(3) As shown in fig. 6, when the carbon aerogel thin film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the sheath-core structure prepared in this example is used to prepare an electromagnetic coil power generation simulation device, it can be seen from the left that the diode can normally emit light when there is no carbon aerogel thin film derived from the aramid nanofibers; figure right when the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofibers is inserted between the coil and the diode, the diode is extinguished; this phenomenon further demonstrates that the carbon aerogel thin film prepared in this example has excellent electromagnetic wave shielding properties.
3. Photothermal response:
the photothermal conversion performance of the carbon aerogel thin film derived from the aramid nanofibers having a sheath-core structure prepared in this example was measured using an infrared camera, as shown in fig. 7, at an optical power density of 100 mW/cm 2 When the temperature of the carbon aerogel film reaches a platform within 20 seconds, the temperature reaches 70 ℃; when the optical power density is 300 mW/cm 2 In this case, the film temperature can be raised to 133 ℃, and after 10 cycles of switching on and off the light source (fig. c), the film still maintains good photothermal conversion capability.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers and having a skin-core structure, and the preparation method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) Preparing an aramid nanofiber solution: sequentially adding poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and potassium hydroxide into dimethyl sulfoxide, and stirring for 7 days at room temperature until the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers are completely and uniformly dissolved to obtain a 10mg/mL aramid nanofiber solution; wherein the mass ratio of the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fiber to the potassium hydroxide is 2:2;
2) Preparing an aramid nanofiber hydrogel film: uniformly scraping and coating the aramid nano-fiber solution prepared in the step 1) on a smooth glass plate by using a scraper, wherein the set thickness is 5mm; then slowly putting the blade-coated glass plate into deionized water and soaking for 3 days, and replacing the deionized water for 4 times every day to obtain an aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film;
3) Preparing a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers: freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine at-50 deg.C and 20Pa for 2 days to obtain aramid fiber aerogel film; and putting the carbon aerogel film into a tube furnace for carbonization, and setting the program to heat the carbon aerogel film from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, then heating the carbon aerogel film to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano fiber with the skin-core structure.
The appearance, electromagnetic shielding performance and photothermal conversion performance of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the skin-core structure prepared in this example are substantially equivalent to those of example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers and having a skin-core structure, and the preparation method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) Preparing an aramid nanofiber solution: sequentially adding poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and potassium hydroxide into dimethyl sulfoxide, and stirring for 7 days at room temperature until the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers are completely and uniformly dissolved to obtain an aramid nano fiber solution of 5mg/mL; wherein the mass ratio of the poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fiber to the potassium hydroxide is 3:2;
2) Preparing an aramid nanofiber hydrogel film: uniformly scraping and coating the aramid nano-fiber solution prepared in the step 1) on a smooth glass plate by using a scraper, wherein the set thickness is 0.5 mm; then slowly putting the blade-coated glass plate into deionized water and soaking for 3 days, and replacing the deionized water for 3 times every day to obtain an aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film;
3) Preparing a carbon aerogel film derived from aramid nanofibers: freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine at-85 deg.C and 5Pa for 2 days to obtain aramid fiber aerogel film; and (3) putting the carbon aerogel film into a tubular furnace for carbonization, wherein the set procedure is to heat the carbon aerogel film to 500 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min from room temperature, keep the temperature for 2h, then heat the carbon aerogel film to 800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keep the temperature for 2h to obtain the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano fiber with the skin-core structure.
The appearance, electromagnetic shielding performance and photothermal conversion performance of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the skin-core structure prepared in this example are substantially equivalent to those of example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the aramid fiber-derived gel film of the skin-core structure of this comparative example and example 1 is that the film was not subjected to tubular furnace carbonization treatment, and the other examples were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
The aramid fiber-derived gel film of this comparative example is different from example 1 in that it is not subjected to protonation treatment by soaking in deionized water, and is otherwise the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the aramid fiber-derived gel film is not subjected to freeze-drying treatment and is dried at normal temperature, and the other steps are the same as example 1.
Performance comparison test:
the appearance, electromagnetic shielding and photothermal conversion properties of the gel films prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured in the same manner as in example 1, and the results were compared with example 1, which showed that:
1. the appearance morphology of the gel film prepared in comparative example 1 exhibited a skin-core structure similar to that of example 1, but had almost no electromagnetic shielding efficiency (as shown in fig. 8) and photothermal conversion ability (as shown in fig. 9);
2. comparative example 2 a hydrosol film obtained without protonation treatment was directly used to freeze-dry and carbonize the aramid nanofiber coating, and the prepared gel film had severe shrinkage and could not form a film by itself;
3. as shown in fig. 10, the gel film prepared in comparative example 3 does not form the core-sheath structure of the gel film prepared in example 1, and the electromagnetic shielding performance thereof is much lower than that of the gel film prepared in example 1 (as shown in fig. 11).
The comparison test result shows that the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber has a unique skin-core structure by adopting a process method of preparing the hydrosol film by protonation in combination with freeze drying and carbonization, the surface skin layer is a compact film structure and can reflect a large amount of incident electromagnetic waves, the middle core layer is a three-dimensional interpenetrating porous network structure and can provide more interfaces to prolong the transmission path of the electricity to the electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves are effectively converted into heat to be consumed, the electromagnetic shielding performance is improved, and the electromagnetic shielding performance requirement in the aerospace field is met.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The application of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber with the skin-core structure in the field of electromagnetic shielding is characterized in that the film is prepared by sequentially carrying out freeze drying and carbonization on a protonated aramid nano-fiber hydrogel film; the upper and lower surfaces are compact film structures, and the middle is a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure core layer.
2. The application of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofibers with the skin-core structure in the field of electromagnetic shielding, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aramid nanofiber hydrogel film is prepared by blade-coating an aramid nanofiber solution on a glass plate to form an aramid nanofiber coating with a certain thickness, and then soaking the aramid nanofiber coating in deionized water for protonation.
3. The application of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofiber with the skin-core structure in the field of electromagnetic shielding, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aramid nanofiber solution is prepared by sequentially adding poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers and potassium hydroxide into dimethyl sulfoxide, and stirring and dissolving the mixture uniformly at room temperature; wherein the mass concentration of the poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers in the aramid nano fiber solution is 5 to 15mg/mL; the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide to the poly-p-phenylene terephthamide fiber is 2:3 to 3:2.
4. the application of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofiber with the sheath-core structure in the field of electromagnetic shielding, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aramid nanofiber hydrogel film is prepared by uniformly scraping an aramid nanofiber solution on a glass plate by using a scraper, wherein the distance between the scraper and the glass plate is 0.5-5mm, forming an aramid nanofiber coating with a certain thickness, and then soaking the aramid nanofiber coating in deionized water for protonation; wherein the protonation treatment comprises the step of placing the glass plate into deionized water to be soaked for 3 days at normal temperature, and the deionized water is replaced for 3 to 5 times per day.
5. The application of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nano-fiber with the sheath-core structure in the field of electromagnetic shielding, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the freeze drying is-45 to-85 ℃, the pressure is 5 to 20Pa, and the freeze drying time is 1 to 3 days;
the carbonization treatment is to put the aramid fiber nano fiber aerogel film prepared after freeze drying into a tube furnace, set the temperature program to heat from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserve heat for 2 hours, then heat to 800-1500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserve heat for 2 hours.
6. The application of the carbon aerogel film derived from the aramid nanofiber with the sheath-core structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of electromagnetic shielding, wherein the poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber is a full-p-polyaramide prepared by condensation polymerization of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride.
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