CN116314860A - Microporous layer for gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Microporous layer for gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116314860A
CN116314860A CN202310048903.6A CN202310048903A CN116314860A CN 116314860 A CN116314860 A CN 116314860A CN 202310048903 A CN202310048903 A CN 202310048903A CN 116314860 A CN116314860 A CN 116314860A
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China
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microporous layer
fiber
treatment
preparation
gas diffusion
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CN202310048903.6A
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李海龙
宋辰颖
刘梦茹
胡健
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8636—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells with a gradient in another property than porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: and (3) fibrillating the synthetic fibers, screening the treated fibers to obtain nanofibers, and then wet-forming the nanofibers to obtain the microporous layer precursor. And (3) carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the microporous layer precursor, then carrying out impregnation treatment by using a PTFE solution, and sintering to obtain the microporous layer for the gas diffusion layer. The microporous layer prepared by the method can effectively solve the problems of microcrack generation and carbon black falling in the microporous layer prepared by the prior art, and the durability of the microporous layer in the running process of the battery is improved; the porous structure in the microporous layer is also beneficial to control, the existing flooding problem is improved, and the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is effectively improved; the method is simple in process, green and environment-friendly, and can be used for large-scale preparation.

Description

Microporous layer for gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The gas diffusion layer (Gas diffusion layer, GDL) is one of the important components in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC) and is the core for maintaining cell operating efficiency. When the PEMFC operates at high current density, more water is generated in the battery, water flooding phenomenon is easy to occur in the GDL, and larger concentration loss is generated in the battery. When the water content in the proton exchange membrane is low, the ohmic loss of the battery can be increased, and the GDL is required to have better moisture retention performance so as to ensure the water content in the proton exchange membrane. Therefore, the GDL needs to have good water management properties to improve ohmic loss and concentration loss of the battery.
The GDL is composed of a microporous layer and a base layer, and the conventional microporous layer is composed of carbon black and a water repellent agent, however, the conventional microporous layer has problems of easy cracking, easy falling of carbon black during use, and water vapor transmission. Microporous layers need to have good breathability, hydrophobicity, and suitable pore sizes to address these issues. Chinese patent 114709435 provides a preparation method of a microporous layer, which solves the problem of surface cracking of the microporous layer, but the microporous layer is still prepared by using carbon black, and the problems of falling of the carbon black, difficult control of pores and the like are also existed. Chinese patent CN115020736 prepares a gas diffusion layer based on a fiber-aligned microporous layer that improves cell performance, but still uses carbon black and a large amount of organic solvent. The Chinese patent CN114824298 prepares the membrane by pre-oxidizing, heat treating and carbonizing the electrostatic spinning polyacrylonitrile fiber, and prepares the gas diffusion layer by compounding the membrane with carbon paper, and the microporous layer prepared by the method does not contain carbon black, but cannot control the pore structure of the microporous layer, has complicated process and is not beneficial to large-scale preparation.
The current method for preparing the microporous layer in a large scale is still a coating method, the microporous layer prepared by the method is easy to crack, carbon black is easy to fall off in the running process, and the pore structure of the microporous layer is not easy to control. The microporous layer prepared by adopting the electrostatic spinning method can improve the durability of the microporous layer and eliminate the generation of cracks, but has high cost and is not beneficial to large-scale production. Therefore, the preparation of the microporous layer with low cost, high durability and easily-controlled pore structure has important significance for the PEMFC.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the durability, cracks and pore structures of the microporous layer are difficult to control in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a novel microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, preparing a microporous layer precursor: fibrillation treatment is carried out on the synthetic fibers, then the treated fibers are screened to obtain nanofibers, and finally the nanofibers are subjected to wet forming to obtain microporous layer precursors;
step B, preparation of a microporous layer: and C, carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the microporous layer precursor obtained in the step A, then carrying out hydrophobic treatment, finally sintering, and cooling to obtain the microporous layer.
Preferably, the synthetic fiber in the step a is at least one of a high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, a polyimide fiber, a polyacrylonitrile fiber, a poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fiber and an aramid fiber; the beating degree of the fibrillation treatment is 10-95 DEG SR; the screening mesh number is 100-1000 meshes; the quantification of the microporous layer precursor is 1-200 g/m 2 。
Preferably, the freeness is 20-60 ° SR; the screening mesh number is 200-600 mesh; the quantification of the microporous layer precursor is 10-100 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fibrillation treatment comprises the following steps: fibrillated fibers are obtained by mechanical beating.
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature in the step B is 900-3000 ℃, the heating rate is 1-100 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-5 h; the sintering temperature is 300-400 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.2-4 h.
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 1000-2000 ℃, the heating rate is 5-50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the sintering temperature is 330-350 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the hydrophobic treatment in the step B is dipping treatment of putting the microporous layer precursor into a hydrophobic solution for 1-10 min; the hydrophobic solution is an aqueous solution of at least one fluoride; the concentration of the hydrophobic solution is 5wt.% to 30wt.%.
Preferably, the fluoride is at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, and the concentration is 10wt.% to 20wt.%; the soaking time is 1-5 min.
Preferably, the wet forming step described in step a is a defibering, forming, pressing and drying step.
The microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer prepared by the above preparation method.
Compared with other methods, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the microporous layer for the gas diffusion layer provided by the invention does not contain carbon black in the traditional microporous layer, and solves the problems of dropping and poor durability of the carbon black in the traditional microporous layer.
2. The microporous layer for the gas diffusion layer provided by the invention has no crack on the surface, has abundant micro-nano pores, and can provide abundant water and gas transmission channels, thereby improving the concentration difference loss problem under high current density.
The preparation method of the microporous layer for the gas diffusion layer is simple and green, and is beneficial to mass production. The method is favorable for preparing and controlling the pore structure of the microporous layer, and the average pore diameter can be controlled to be between 100nm and 10000nm so as to be applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cells under different working conditions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 (a), (B), (C), (D) are SEM images of example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1, respectively.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing pore diameter distribution of the gas diffusion layers produced in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing average pore diameters of the gas diffusion layers produced in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing cell performance of the gas diffusion layers prepared in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided for the purpose of indicating that the described embodiments are merely illustrative of some of the embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Weighing 500g of poly (p-Phenylene Benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain PBO fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the PBO fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a 100-mesh screen plate to obtain the poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)>100 mesh PBO nanofibers. Preparation of PBO nanofiber paper using wet forming process to obtain microporous layer precursor with a basis weight of 20g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in 5wt.% Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solution for 5min for hydrophobic treatment, the treated sample is placed in a drying oven for sintering for 2H at the sintering temperature of 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, namely the gas diffusion layer.
Example 2
Weighing 500g of PBO fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain PBO fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the PBO fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a screen plate with 200 meshes to obtain>200 mesh PBO nanofibers. Preparation of PBO nanofiber paper using wet forming process to obtain microporous layer precursor with a basis weight of 20g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in a PTFE solution of 5wt.% for 5min for hydrophobic treatment, then the treated sample is placed in a drying oven for sintering for 2H, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, namely the gas diffusion layer.
Example 3
Weighing 500g of PBO fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain PBO fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the PBO fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a screen plate with 200 meshes to obtain>200 mesh PBO nanofibers. Preparation of PBO nanofiber paper using wet forming process to obtain microporous layer precursor with a basis weight of 40g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in a PTFE solution of 5wt.% for 5min for hydrophobic treatment, then the treated sample is placed in a drying oven for sintering for 2H, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, namely the gas diffusion layer.
Example 4
Weighing 500g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain PBO fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the PAN fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a screen plate with 200 meshes to obtain>PAN nanofibers of 200 mesh. PAN nanofiber paper was prepared using a wet forming process to give microporous layer precursors, basis weight 20g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in a PTFE solution of 5wt.% for 5min for hydrophobic treatment, then the treated sample is placed in a drying oven for sintering for 2H, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, namely the gas diffusion layer.
Example 5
Weighing 500g of aramid fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain aramid fiber fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the aramid fiber fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a screen plate with 200 meshes to obtain>200 mesh aramid nanofibers. Preparation of aramid nanofiber paper using wet forming process to obtain microporous layer precursor with a basis weight of 20g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in a PTFE solution of 5wt.% for 5min to carry out hydrophobic treatment, the treated sample is placed in a drying oven to be sintered for 2H, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, i.e., a gas diffusion layer.
Example 6
Weighing 500g of aramid fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain aramid fiber fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the aramid fiber fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a screen plate with 200 meshes to obtain>200 mesh aramid nanofibers. Preparation of aramid nanofiber paper using wet forming process to obtain microporous layer precursor with a basis weight of 40g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in a PTFE solution of 5wt.% for 5min for hydrophobic treatment, then the treated sample is placed in a drying oven for sintering for 2H, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, namely the gas diffusion layer.
Example 7
Weighing 500g of aramid fiber, mechanically pulping by a pulping machine to obtain aramid fiber fibrillated fiber with a pulping degree of 10 DEG SR, placing the aramid fiber fibrillated fiber into a classifying screen, and placing into a screen plate with 200 meshes to obtain>200 mesh aramid nanofibers. Preparation of aramid nanofiber paper using wet forming process to obtain microporous layer precursor with a basis weight of 20g/cm 2 . Then the microporous layer precursor is put into an atmosphere furnace for high-temperature heat treatment, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. After being placed at room temperature, the obtained sample is immersed in a PTFE solution of 5wt.% for 5min for hydrophobic treatment, then the treated sample is placed in a drying oven for sintering for 2H, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, a microporous layer is obtained after cooling, and finally the microporous layer and carbon paper (TGP-H-060, toray) are placed together, namely the gas diffusion layer.
Comparative example 1
Dispersing conductive carbon black and PTFE dispersion liquid in isopropanol solution through ultrasonic stirring to obtain uniformly mixed slurry, then coating the slurry on the surface of carbon paper subjected to hydrophobic treatment, and then placing the carbon paper in a baking oven at 350 ℃ for sintering to obtain the final gas diffusion layer.
The experimental results of the above examples and comparative examples are as follows:
fig. 1 (a) (B) (C) (D) are SEM images of the present example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1, respectively, and it can be seen from the figures that the microporous layer prepared according to the present invention has no cracks on the surface due to volatilization of the solvent, compared to comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 shows pore size distribution patterns of example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1, and it can be seen that the pore sizes of example 1 and comparative example have a uniform trend, and that the pore size distribution of example 2 and comparative example 1 is closer because pores of >2 μm in example 1 are more numerous than in other samples.
Fig. 3 is a graph of average pore diameters of example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1, and it can be seen that the average pore diameter of example 1 is slightly larger than that of comparative example, the average pore diameter of example 3 is slightly smaller than that of comparative example, and the average pore diameters of example 2 and comparative example 1 are close to 2.42 μm, so that the method provided by the present invention can adjust the pore diameters of microporous layers with a simple process.
Fig. 4 is a graph of battery performance of present example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, and comparative example 1. The experimental results show that: the limiting current density of example 1 having a larger average pore diameter is slightly smaller than that of comparative example 1, the battery performance of example 2 having an average pore diameter similar to that of comparative example 1 is superior, the limiting current density of example 3 having a smaller average pore diameter is higher than that of comparative example 1, and the limiting current density of example 4 having an average pore diameter slightly larger than that of comparative example 1 is not much different from that of comparative example 1.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing a microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer, comprising the steps of:
step A, preparing a microporous layer precursor: fibrillation treatment is carried out on the synthetic fibers, then the treated fibers are screened to obtain nanofibers, and finally the nanofibers are subjected to wet forming to obtain microporous layer precursors;
step B, preparation of a microporous layer: and C, carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the microporous layer precursor obtained in the step A, then carrying out hydrophobic treatment, finally sintering, and cooling to obtain the microporous layer.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic fiber in the step a is at least one of a high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, a polyimide fiber, a polyacrylonitrile fiber, a poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fiber and an aramid fiber; the beating degree of the fibrillation treatment is 10-95 DEG SR; the screening mesh number is 100-1000 meshes; the quantification of the microporous layer precursor is 1-200 g/m 2 。
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the freeness is 20 to 60 ° SR; the screening mesh number is 200-600 mesh; the quantification of the microporous layer precursor is 10-100 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fibrillation treatment comprises the following steps: fibrillated fibers are obtained by mechanical beating.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the heat treatment temperature in the step B is 900-3000 ℃, the heating rate is 1-100 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-5 h; the sintering temperature is 300-400 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.2-4 h.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 1000-2000 ℃, the heating rate is 5-50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the sintering temperature is 330-350 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.5-2 h.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the hydrophobic treatment in the step B is a dipping treatment of placing the microporous layer precursor in a hydrophobic solution for 1 to 10 minutes; the hydrophobic solution is an aqueous solution of at least one fluoride; the concentration of the hydrophobic solution is 5wt.% to 30wt.%.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the fluoride is at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, and the concentration is 10wt.% to 20wt.%; the soaking time is 1-5 min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wet forming step in step a is fiber fluffing, forming, pressing and drying.
9. The microporous layer for a gas diffusion layer produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202310048903.6A 2023-02-01 2023-02-01 Microporous layer for gas diffusion layer and preparation method thereof Pending CN116314860A (en)

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