CN113547092B - Multi-element copper alloy upward furnace and casting method - Google Patents
Multi-element copper alloy upward furnace and casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113547092B CN113547092B CN202110832778.9A CN202110832778A CN113547092B CN 113547092 B CN113547092 B CN 113547092B CN 202110832778 A CN202110832778 A CN 202110832778A CN 113547092 B CN113547092 B CN 113547092B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-element copper alloy upward furnace, which comprises the following components: the furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein an open graphite molten pool is arranged in the furnace shell, and a melting channel is arranged at the bottom of the graphite molten pool; a heating unit for heating the melting channel; an inert gas channel is arranged in the wall of the graphite molten pool, and an air inlet of the inert gas channel is connected with a preheating air source. The graphite molten pool in the multi-element copper alloy upward-guiding furnace can avoid introducing impurities into alloy molten liquid, inert gas is introduced to protect when copper alloy is melted by arranging an inert gas channel, graphite burning loss under high temperature condition is slowed down, probability of cracking caused by uneven heating of the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool in the depth direction is reduced, and service life of the furnace body is prolonged. The invention also discloses a copper alloy smelting method based on the multi-element copper alloy upward furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a multi-element copper alloy upward furnace and a casting method.
Background
The light-weight requirements of the fields of medical wire harnesses, robot wire harnesses, ABS wire harnesses, loudspeaker wire harnesses, automobile wire harnesses and the like lead the development of copper and copper alloy ultrafine wires to be rapid and the demand to be increased rapidly. The traditional ultra-micro wire drawing bus (wire diameter is 0.1 mm) is produced by adopting a vacuum furnace to melt metal materials, and sequentially extruding, cold-rolling and drawing for multiple times. The purity and tissue structure requirements of the parent metal for preparing the ultra-micro wire (the wire diameter is 0.01-0.03 mm) are high, and the wire breakage frequency in the wire drawing process is influenced by the oxygen absorption quantity of the metal material, or the wire diameter cannot meet the requirement of the ultra-micro wire diameter.
The traditional copper alloy generally adopts refractory bricks as a furnace body to contact with copper alloy melt, but the open upward furnace oxygen content is high, and the slag formation of aluminum in the melt is serious, so that a melting channel is blocked, and normal production cannot be performed; the silicon content in the upper wire is about 0.008%, the maximum diameter of impurities is 37 mu m, and the wire drawing film is worn.
An alternative scheme adopts vacuum furnace smelting, such as the copper-silver alloy high-efficiency smelting device disclosed in CN202870724U, and comprises a melting furnace, a graphite molten pool arranged in the melting furnace, a graphite heating element for heating the graphite molten pool and a crystallizer arranged in the graphite molten pool, wherein an inert gas protection cavity is arranged on the outer side wall of the melting furnace and used for reducing the oxygen uptake amount of copper liquid in the melting furnace. But the vacuum furnace has small yield and high production cost. In addition, as described in CN202524583U, the furnace body inner cavity is divided into a smelting cavity and an upper guiding cavity, the smelting cavity and the upper guiding cavity are communicated through a melting channel, a molten pool is built by adopting a graphite plate, and the following technical problems exist in actual production: as the metal in the smelting furnace is continuously melted through the melting channel, when the height of the metal melt rises to about half of the height of the inner cavity of the molten pool, the inner lining is heated unevenly up and down, internal stress is generated, and the fragmentation probability is increased.
In addition, the copper alloy is produced by adopting an upward drawing mode, the alloy types are increased, the strength of the upward drawing coagulated copper material is improved, graphite is used as an inner core of an upward drawing die, the graphite inner core has good lubricating effect, but the abrasion resistance is poor, the loss is serious, and the service life of the upward drawing die is obviously shortened compared with that of a pure copper upward drawing process.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, provide a multi-element copper alloy up-draw furnace, reduce the oxygen content of smelting metal and prolong the service life of a molten pool.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace comprising:
the furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein an open graphite molten pool is arranged in the furnace shell, and a melting channel and a heating unit are arranged at the bottom of the graphite molten pool;
the graphite melting furnace is characterized in that an inert gas channel is arranged in the wall of the graphite melting furnace, and the inert gas channel is communicated with a gas source and an exhaust pipe.
The preferable technical scheme is that the graphite melting furnace further comprises a baffle plate, wherein the baffle plate divides the inner cavity of the graphite melting furnace into at least a smelting cavity and an upper guiding cavity;
the melting grooves comprise intra-cavity circulating melting grooves and/or inter-cavity melting grooves which are arranged at the bottom of the graphite molten pool, the intra-cavity circulating melting grooves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the smelting cavity and the upper guiding cavity, and the inter-cavity melting grooves are communicated and arranged between the smelting cavity and the upper guiding cavity; the smelting cavity and the upper guide cavity are also communicated through a communication port on the partition plate;
the inert gas channel is arranged in the graphite molten pool and the partition plate.
The preferable technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps:
the inner cavity is divided into a smelting cavity, a transition cavity and an upper guiding cavity by the two partition plates;
the circulating melting channels in the cavity are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the smelting cavity, the transition cavity and the upper guide cavity;
the smelting cavity is communicated with the transition cavity through a first communication port on one partition board, and the transition cavity is communicated with the upper guide cavity through a second communication port on the other partition board.
The preferable technical scheme is that the method further comprises the following steps:
the preheating pipe is arranged in or above the opening of the graphite molten pool, the air inlet is communicated with the air source, and the air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the inert gas channel.
The preferable technical proposal is that an open removable cover of the graphite molten pool is provided with a furnace cover; the exhaust pipe is arranged in the opening of the graphite molten pool or between the furnace cover and the opening of the graphite molten pool; the exhaust pipe is provided with a pipe wall exhaust hole facing the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool.
The preferable technical scheme is that the exhaust pipe is arranged in a surrounding manner, and the pipe wall exhaust hole is arranged towards the center of the preset liquid level of the graphite molten pool.
The preferable technical scheme is that the inert gas channels are respectively wound in the side walls of the smelting cavity, the transition cavity and the upper guiding cavity.
The preferable technical scheme is that the device further comprises an upward crystallizer arranged in the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool, and the upward crystallizer comprises:
the device comprises a core tube and an upward condensation tube, wherein the upward condensation tube comprises a molten liquid upward section and a condensation discharging section, and the condensation discharging section is axially butted with the core tube;
the shaping sleeve is sleeved on the peripheries of the core pipe and the condensation discharging section;
the cooling pipe layer is sleeved on the periphery of the shaping sleeve;
the graphite jacket is sleeved on the end surfaces of the shaping sleeve and the cooling pipe layer and the periphery of the cooling pipe layer;
the condensation discharging section penetrates through the graphite outer sleeve, the molten liquid upward-guiding section protrudes out of the graphite outer sleeve, and the upward-guiding condensation pipe is made of sintered zirconium dioxide.
The preferable technical scheme is that the core tube is a graphite core tube.
The second object of the invention is to provide a copper alloy smelting method, based on the multi-element copper alloy up-leading furnace, comprising the following steps:
s1: feeding copper alloy into a graphite molten pool;
s2: heating copper alloy, and melting the copper alloy to obtain alloy melt, wherein the alloy melt enters an inner cavity of a graphite molten pool through a molten groove;
the method is characterized in that the steps S1 and S2 also comprise continuously introducing preheated inert gas into the inert gas channel of the graphite molten pool.
Further, the temperature of the preheated inert gas is not less than 980 ℃.
Further, the method also comprises the step of guiding the inert gas filled and guided by the inert gas channel into the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool, and further comprises the step of guiding the inert gas filled and guided by the inert gas channel into the smelting cavity and the upper guiding cavity or into the smelting cavity, the transition cavity and the upper guiding cavity.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the graphite molten pool in the multi-element copper alloy upward-guiding furnace can avoid introducing impurities into alloy molten liquid, inert gas is introduced to protect when copper alloy is melted by arranging an inert gas channel, graphite burning loss under high temperature condition is slowed down, probability of cracking caused by uneven heating of the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool in the depth direction is reduced, and service life of the molten pool is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace of example 3;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace of example 4;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a comparative multi-element copper alloy up-draw furnace;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an up-draw crystallizer;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the flow direction of the melt in the multi-component copper alloy uptake furnace of example 1;
in the figure: 1. a furnace shell; 2. a graphite bath; 21. a smelting chamber; 22. a transition chamber; 23. an upper guide cavity; 24. an inert gas passage; 3. a circulating melting channel in the cavity; 4. an induction heating coil; 5. a preheating tube; 6. an exhaust pipe; 61. a pipe wall exhaust hole; 7. an inert gas conduit; 8. introducing a crystallizer upwards; 81. a core tube; 82. a coagulation tube is led upwards; 821. a melt up-draw section; 822. a condensing discharging section; 83. copper pipe layer; 84. a cooling tube layer; 85. and (3) a graphite jacket.
Detailed Description
The following describes the invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The graphite lining can effectively reduce the probability of introducing new impurities into the copper alloy melt, and impurities such as silicon dioxide introduced by other furnace building materials can form granular impurities in the copper alloy melt, the grain size is 30-50 mu m, and the wire breakage probability in the subsequent copper alloy wire drawing process (the thinnest wire diameter is 0.01 mm) can be increased. The graphite molten pool is easy to absorb oxygen and oxidize at the melting temperature of the copper alloy, and reacts with oxygen in the copper alloy molten liquid, so that the oxygen content in the copper liquid is further reduced.
The graphite pool comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, and further, the side wall and the bottom wall are integrally connected. The inert gas channel is arranged in the graphite molten pool, so that partial oxygen in the graphite molten pool material can be carried away, and the total amount of oxygen which is subjected to oxidation reaction with the graphite molten pool is reduced; the inert gas forms a gas protective layer for the graphite on the side wall of the inert gas channel, and both the above points are helpful for prolonging the service life of the graphite molten pool. Because the bottom wall is subject to gravity of the molten liquid, the hollow interior thereof can cause insufficient strength and cause the bottom wall to crack, and therefore, the inert gas channel is preferably arranged in the side wall of the graphite melting tank or in the side wall and the partition plate of the graphite melting tank, and the exhaust port is also arranged at the top of the side wall of the graphite melting tank.
Specifically, the ratio of the cross-sectional aperture of the inert gas channel to the thickness of the graphite bath is 1:15 to 25, more preferably 1:16 to 21.
The preheating air source is used for heating the inert gas, and the inert gas can be heated by a heating element or by heat radiation of alloy melt in the furnace.
The baffle is not arranged in the graphite molten pool, the depth fluctuation of the crystallizer inserted into the liquid level is large due to the large fluctuation of the molten liquid during feeding, and the transition cavity can enable impurities in the alloy molten liquid to fully float up, so that the alloy molten liquid is frequently off-line, namely copper wires at the graphite mold of the crystallizer are accidentally broken. The inner cavity of the graphite molten pool is divided into a smelting cavity and an upper guiding cavity by the partition plate, so that the problems can be better avoided. Further, the separator and the graphite molten pool are integrally sintered, namely integrally connected. The transition cavity is conducive to the reaction of the readily oxidizable component of the alloy melt with oxygen, and impurities, particularly elemental aluminum, float sufficiently in the transition cavity. The smelting cavity, the transition cavity and the upper guiding cavity are respectively communicated through a first communication port on one partition board, and the transition cavity and the upper guiding cavity are communicated through a second communication port on the other partition board.
Preheating pipe, exhaust pipe and pipe wall exhaust hole
The preheating pipe heats inert gas by using heat radiation of the molten liquid in the furnace; the exhaust pipe is provided with a pipe wall exhaust hole, the pipe wall exhaust hole faces the inner cavity of the graphite melting pool, inert gas is blown to the surface of the covering agent, the oxygen content in the inner cavity of the graphite melting pool between the covering agent and the furnace cover is reduced, the inert gas sprayed in the pipe wall exhaust hole is inclined towards the center of a preset liquid level of the graphite melting pool, the gas is heated and rises, the inert gas forms gas circulation with rising center and descending periphery in the inner cavity of the graphite melting pool between the covering agent and the furnace cover, the burning loss and the supplementing quantity of the covering agent can be reduced, and the total amount of the inert gas overflowing out of the graphite melting pool can be reduced.
Besides the furnace shell and the graphite molten pool, an insulating layer and an insulating layer, such as an insulating paint layer, a furnace sand layer and a refractory brick layer on the inner surface of the furnace shell, are also optionally arranged between the furnace shell and the graphite molten pool.
Examples
1. Influence of inert gas passage on the life of graphite bath and oxygen content of copper alloy
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-element copper alloy upward-guiding furnace of embodiment 1 is a melting channel furnace, and comprises a furnace shell 1, insulating paint is sprayed in the furnace shell 1, furnace sand is paved and placed in a graphite molten pool 2, furnace sand is filled between the furnace shell 1 and the side wall of the graphite molten pool 2, the opening of the graphite molten pool 2 is rectangular, an integrally connected partition plate 3 divides the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool 2 into a smelting cavity 21, a transition cavity 22 and an upward-guiding cavity 23, the smelting cavity 21, the transition cavity 22 and the upward-guiding cavity 23 are respectively provided with a cavity circulation melting channel 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and communication ports 31 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the partition plates 3 between the smelting cavity 21 and the transition cavity 22 and between the transition cavity 22 and the upward-guiding cavity 23;
an induction heating coil 4 is arranged in the center of the melting channel;
the graphite molten pool 2 is integrally sintered and formed, an inert gas channel 24 is arranged in the wall of the graphite molten pool 2, the inert gas channel 24 is spirally wound in the side walls of the smelting cavity 21, the transition cavity 22 and the upper guiding cavity 23 respectively, and an air inlet and an air outlet of the inert gas channel 24 are arranged on the top surface of the side wall of the graphite molten pool 2; the bottom surface of the removable furnace cover is provided with a preheating pipe 5 and an exhaust pipe 6, the preheating pipe 5, an inert gas channel 24 and the exhaust pipe 6 are sequentially communicated, the exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a pipe wall exhaust hole 61, and inert gas flow exhausted by the pipe wall exhaust hole 61 is sprayed towards the centers of the corresponding smelting cavity 21, the transition cavity 22 and the upper guide cavity 23; the upward crystallizer 8 is arranged in the upward cavity 23
The dimensions of the graphite melting pool 2 of the example 1, the example 4, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are 5.397m of the inner cavity of the melting pool, 0.4m in width and 0.5m in height; the thickness of the side wall of the molten pool is 150mm, and the thickness of the bottom wall is 150mm; the inner diameter of the melting channel is 580mm, and the inner diameter of the inert gas channel 24 in the embodiment 1 is 8mm; the ratio of the volumes of smelting chamber 21, transition chamber 22 and up-draw chamber 23 in the side-by-side direction is 2.179:1:2.218. the graphite melt 2 of example 2 and example 3 was the same size as in example 1.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, embodiment 2 is based on embodiment 1, except that no partition plate 3 is provided in the graphite bath 2, and the inert gas passages 24 are spirally wound in the side walls of the graphite bath, respectively.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, embodiment 3 is based on embodiment 1, except that a partition plate 3 is provided for the graphite bath 2, and the position of the partition plate 3 is the same as that of the partition plate 3 between the transition chamber 22 and the upper lead chamber 23 in embodiment 1; the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool 2 is divided into a smelting cavity 21 and an upper guiding cavity 23 by a partition plate 3, two intra-cavity circulating melting grooves 3 are arranged in the smelting cavity 21, and one intra-cavity circulating melting groove 3 is arranged in the upper guiding cavity; the inert gas channel 24 is arranged in the side wall and the partition plate of the graphite molten pool and spirally wound in the side walls of the smelting cavity 21 and the upper guiding cavity 23 respectively.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, embodiment 4 is based on embodiment 1, except that the melting chamber 21, the transition chamber 22 and the upper guiding chamber 23 are provided with inter-chamber melting grooves 9 at the bottoms thereof in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and in embodiment 4, the melting chamber 21 and the transition chamber 22 and the upper guiding chamber 23 are communicated with each other through communication ports.
The smelting chamber 21 and the upper guiding chamber 23 are communicated through the inter-chamber melting channel 9 and a communication port 31 at the bottom of the partition plate 3, and the inert gas channel 24 is spirally arranged around the side walls of the smelting chamber 21 and the upper guiding chamber 23.
Comparative example
As shown in FIG. 5, the comparative example multi-element copper alloy up-draw furnace has a melting channel furnace with the same shape, a graphite molten pool 2 has no hollow inert gas channel 24, an inert gas pipeline 7 is arranged at the opening of the molten pool, and the inert gas pipeline 7 is provided with pipe wall exhaust holes with the same number, the same hole orientation and the same hole size as those on the exhaust pipe 6 in the embodiment 1. The graphite pool and the separator of comparative example 1 are built by graphite plates, the gap is filled by graphite emulsion mixed graphite powder, and the graphite pool and the separator of comparative example 2 are integrally connected.
The continuous production process for smelting and upward guiding copper alloy comprises the following steps: ventilation, electrifying and heating a melting channel, feeding, heat preservation and upward guiding, wherein the main composition of the copper alloy is as follows: aluminum, manganese, copper, iron, nickel. In the smelting process, the inert gas is continuously introduced into the inert gas channel 24, the inlet temperature of the inert gas channel 24 is 980 ℃, and the flow is 15-20L/min. The copper alloy raw materials of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 4, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are added from a smelting cavity 21, are heated by an induction heating coil 4 at a melting channel, and an upward crystallizer 8 is arranged in a corresponding inner cavity of a molten pool or an upward cavity 23 to continuously draw out wires. In the smelting and upward-drawing production process, the temperature of a melting channel is controlled to be 1350-1400 ℃, and the temperature of molten liquid in the inner cavity of a molten pool 2 or the corresponding smelting cavity 21, a transition cavity 22 and an upward-drawing cavity 23 is controlled to be 1100-1150 ℃.
And (3) detecting the oxygen content of the copper alloy: and detecting by adopting an oxygen-nitrogen-hydrogen content analyzer.
Example 1 and comparative example graphite bath 2 life, copper alloy oxygen content, tapping rate (tapping rate = tapping amount/alloy feedstock charge x 100%) are as follows:
the flow direction of the melt in example 1 is shown in fig. 7, the used time of the multi-element copper alloy up-draw furnace in example 1 is 2220h, and the up-draw furnace can be estimated to be used for 2.5 years under the condition of no accident according to the measured graphite reaction degree; because two baffle plates 3 are arranged in the graphite molten pool 2, and the baffle plates 3 are in ventilation protection like the side wall of the graphite molten pool, the service life is prolonged, and the oxygen content of molten liquid is reduced. When the graphite body is used, oxygen is absorbed and reduced, so that the oxygen content in the melt is reduced; the fluctuation of the melt is very small during charging, and the fluctuation of the depth of the inserted liquid level of the upward crystallizer is nearly zero (measured by a liquid level infrared sensor);
the service time of the up-draw furnace in the embodiment 2 is more than 80 hours, as no partition plate exists in the graphite molten pool, the fluctuation of the molten liquid is large during charging, the fluctuation of the depth of the crystallizer inserted into the liquid level is large, so that the line is frequently disconnected (copper wires at a graphite mold are accidentally broken), the service time reaches 80 hours, the up-draw furnace is removed in advance, and inorganic particle impurities such as silicon dioxide and the like introduced by other conventional refractory bricks do not exist in the up-draw copper alloy;
in the embodiment 3, the service time of the upward furnace is 1750 hours, and as only one baffle plate is arranged in the graphite molten pool, the fluctuation of the molten liquid is still large during charging, so that the fluctuation of the depth of the crystallizer inserted into the liquid level is large, the line is frequently disconnected (the copper wire at the graphite mold is accidentally broken), and the upward furnace can be calculated to be used for 2.3 years under the condition of no accident according to the measured graphite reaction degree;
example 4 the up-draw furnace had been used for 410 hours, and according to the measured graphite reaction degree, it was estimated that the up-draw furnace could be used for 1.5 years without accidents; because of insufficient heat of a melting channel between cavities, excessive temperature fluctuation in the process of feeding and smelting of molten liquid causes metal overburning, oxygen absorption and slag formation. The inter-cavity melting channel can enable impurities in the melting furnace to enter the heat preservation furnace along with molten liquid, so that the impurity content in the product is suddenly increased, the line breakage is frequent, normal production cannot be realized, and the furnace is removed for re-building.
The nitrogen is filled in the comparative example to protect the covering agent, but the graphite pool 2 and the baffle plate 3 cannot be completely protected, the comparative example 1 is guided up to work for 45 hours, cracks appear on the graphite plate, and then the problems of floating and copper infiltration of the graphite plate appear; the comparative example 2 was conducted for 70 hours with the furnace being pulled up, and the two middle graphite separators 3 were removed for furnace re-construction because of uneven heating, internal stress, and cracks generated by first breaking when they were oxidized by contact with oxygen, and normal production was not possible.
2. Influence of the material of the inner tube of the crystallizer on the service life of the crystallizer
In the embodiment 1, 16 upward crystallizers 8 are arranged in the upward cavity 23 of the upward furnace, and the structure of the upward crystallizer 8 is as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, a core tube 81 and an upward coagulation tube 82 axially butted with the feed end of the core tube 81, wherein the copper alloy melt in the upward coagulation tube 82 is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, the upward coagulation tube 82 is divided into a melt upward-guiding section 821 and a coagulation discharge section 822 according to the metal form in the tube, and the free end of the melt upward-guiding section 821 is inserted into the copper alloy melt in the upward-guiding crystallization process;
the copper pipe layer 83 is sleeved on the peripheries of the core pipe 81 and the condensation discharging section 822;
the cooling pipe layer 84 is sleeved on the periphery of the copper pipe layer 83, the cooling pipe layer 84 is a water cooling pipe layer, cooling water is led in from the top end of the cooling pipe, and the cooling water is turned back and goes upwards through the bottom end of the cooling pipe layer; discharging through a water outlet at the top end of the cooling pipe;
a graphite jacket 85 which is provided around the copper pipe layer 83, the end face of the cooling pipe layer 84, and the outer periphery of the cooling pipe layer 84;
the condensation discharging section 822 is arranged in the graphite outer sleeve 85 in a penetrating way, the melt upper guiding section 821 protrudes out of the end face of the graphite outer sleeve 85, and the upper guiding condensation pipe 82 is made of the same graphite material as the core pipe 81.
The size of the upward coagulation tube 82 was 175 mm.+ -. 0.1mm long, 35 mm.+ -. 0.05mm in outer diameter, 5 mm.+ -. 0.01mm in inner diameter, and the upward velocity was 1000mm/min.
In example 5, the upper condensation duct 82 was made of integrally sintered zirconia.
Life evaluation of the up-draw crystallizer 8:
the surface roughening of the above-mentioned five-membered copper alloy copper wire is defined as failure of the upward crystallizer 8, and the continuous working time from the beginning of use to the failure of the upward crystallizer 8 is counted.
As can be seen from the above table, the integrally sintered zirconia material of the upward coagulation tube 82 has good wear resistance and longer service life, and the single length of the upward product meets the production requirements of continuous wire drawing for preparing ultrafine wires and the like.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace comprising:
the furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein an open graphite molten pool is arranged in the furnace shell, and a melting channel and a heating unit are arranged at the bottom of the graphite molten pool;
the graphite melting furnace is characterized in that an inert gas channel is arranged in the wall of the graphite melting furnace, and the inert gas channel is communicated with a gas source and an exhaust pipe; the inert gas channel is spirally wound in the side wall of the graphite molten pool, and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the inert gas channel are both arranged on the top surface of the side wall of the graphite molten pool; the inert gas brings away partial oxygen in the graphite molten pool material, so that the total amount of oxygen which is subjected to oxidation reaction with the graphite molten pool is reduced; forming a gas protection layer on the graphite on the side wall of the inert gas channel by inert gas;
the open removable cover of the graphite molten pool is provided with a furnace cover; the exhaust pipe is arranged in the opening of the graphite molten pool or between the furnace cover and the opening of the graphite molten pool; the exhaust pipe is provided with a pipe wall exhaust hole facing the inner cavity of the graphite molten pool;
the exhaust pipe is arranged in a surrounding manner, and the pipe wall exhaust hole is arranged towards the center of the preset liquid level of the graphite molten pool;
the preheating pipe is arranged in or above the opening of the graphite molten pool, the air inlet is communicated with the air source, and the air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the inert gas channel.
2. The multi-component copper alloy uptake furnace of claim 1 further comprising a divider that divides the interior cavity of the graphite melt pool into at least a smelting chamber and an uptake chamber;
the melting channel comprises an intracavity circulating melting channel and/or an inter-cavity melting channel which are arranged at the bottom of the graphite molten pool, wherein the intracavity circulating melting channel is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the smelting cavity and the upper guiding cavity, and the inter-cavity melting channel is communicated between the smelting cavity and the upper guiding cavity; the smelting cavity and the upper guide cavity are also communicated through a communication port on the partition plate;
the inert gas channel is arranged in the graphite molten pool and the partition plate.
3. The multi-component copper alloy uptake furnace of claim 2, comprising:
the inner cavity is divided into a smelting cavity, a transition cavity and an upper guiding cavity by the two partition plates;
the circulating melting channels in the cavity are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the smelting cavity, the transition cavity and the upper guide cavity;
the smelting cavity is communicated with the transition cavity through a first communication port on one partition board, and the transition cavity is communicated with the upper guide cavity through a second communication port on the other partition board.
4. A multi-component copper alloy uptake furnace according to claim 3 wherein the inert gas channels are disposed around the side walls of the melting chamber, transition chamber and uptake chamber, respectively.
5. The multi-component copper alloy uptake furnace of claim 1 further comprising an uptake crystallizer disposed in the interior cavity of the graphite melt pool, the uptake crystallizer comprising:
the device comprises a core tube and an upward condensation tube, wherein the upward condensation tube comprises a molten liquid upward section and a condensation discharging section, and the condensation discharging section is axially butted with the core tube;
the shaping sleeve is sleeved on the peripheries of the core pipe and the condensation discharging section;
the cooling pipe layer is sleeved on the periphery of the shaping sleeve;
the graphite jacket is sleeved on the end surfaces of the shaping sleeve and the cooling pipe layer and the periphery of the cooling pipe layer;
the condensation discharging section penetrates through the graphite outer sleeve, the molten liquid upward-guiding section protrudes out of the graphite outer sleeve, and the upward-guiding condensation pipe is made of sintered zirconium dioxide.
6. The multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace of claim 5 wherein the core tube is a graphite core tube.
7. A copper alloy smelting process based on the multi-component copper alloy up-draw furnace of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: feeding copper alloy into a graphite molten pool;
s2: heating copper alloy, and melting the copper alloy to obtain alloy melt, wherein the alloy melt enters an inner cavity of a graphite molten pool through a molten groove;
the method is characterized in that the steps S1 and S2 also comprise continuously introducing preheated inert gas into the inert gas channel of the graphite molten pool.
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| CN114226664B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-09-15 | 江西慧高导体科技有限公司 | Continuous smelting furnace and ingot casting system with same |
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