CN113545416A - 一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113545416A CN113545416A CN202110870715.2A CN202110870715A CN113545416A CN 113545416 A CN113545416 A CN 113545416A CN 202110870715 A CN202110870715 A CN 202110870715A CN 113545416 A CN113545416 A CN 113545416A
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法，属于饲料添加剂技术领域。本发明提供的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂是由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草10‑30份、山楂10‑30份、百部20‑40份、苦参10‑30份、南瓜籽10‑20份、槟榔10‑20份、花椒5‑10份、鹤虱5‑10份、苦楝皮5‑10份、使君子5‑10份、桑白皮5‑10份。本发明制备的饲料添加剂为纯中药配方，具有内服外杀、无应激、易于消化吸收、无副作用以及无药效残留的特点，仅需一次用药即可达到根治和免疫的效果且预防周期长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
寄生虫病是威胁养鸡业的主要疾病之一，主要有鸡虱、臭虫、鸡皮刺螨、跳骚、鸡蜱等，其中，鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallina)也称红螨、鸡螨，是蛋鸡养殖中最常见、危害最严重的外寄生虫；鸡新勋恙螨(Neoschoengastia gallinarum)又称鸡新棒恙螨，为恙螨亚科(Subfamily Trombi-culinae)，新勋恙螨属(Neoschoengastia)的体外寄生虫，主要寄生于散养的黄羽肉鸡体表，形成痘疹样病灶的新勋恙螨病，该病除了引起鸡只掉毛、贫血和精神不振，还会在体表皮肤上形成红斑、痘疹样病灶等，表皮上的病症直接影响销售；鸡虱子属短角鸟虱科，是家禽常见的一种体表寄生虫，主要寄生在鸡的羽毛和皮肤上。鸡虱是永久性寄生虫，在鸡的羽毛间生存繁殖，不会主动离开鸡体。从流行病学来看，我国鸡外寄生虫的平均发病率为28％，危害极大。寄生虫把鸡体当作宿主，以羽毛、绒毛、表皮鳞屑及血液为食。病鸡表现为皮肤发痒，眠食难安、羽毛脱落，甚至引起贫血、消瘦、生长发育停止，产蛋下降，啄羽、啄肛等；重则鸡冠苍白，失血过多导致贫血死亡。鸡体寄生虫影响养鸡业的经济效益的同时，又是各种传染病直接或间接的传播媒介，危害极其严重。
目前市场上预防及治疗体外寄生虫多用药浴、喷洒如DDT、敌百虫、敌敌畏、溴氰菊酯等。这类杀虫剂药效时间短，需要周期性施药，且杀虫效果不佳，刺激性大且有一定毒性、药物残留等，严重影响了食品安全。同时规模化鸡场喷药不方便造成劳动量增加，工作人员疲惫不堪，经常喷药污染环境，虱螨抗药性增强。
CN 103251858 A公开了一种抗散养土鸡寄生虫中药组合物及其制备方法与用途，该方法主要是采用使君子、芦荟、甘草、山楂、鹤虱、神曲、麦芽、苦楝皮、苍术、党参、槟榔、常山、贯众、黄芪及陈皮为原料药制备成中药制剂，用于治疗散养土鸡绦虫、蛔虫、球虫三种主要寄生虫病或者绦虫球虫、蛔虫球虫混合感染。但是该中药制剂主要针对的是鸡体内寄生虫病，而对于鸡体表寄生虫的防治效果不大。
CN 102308929 B公开了一种提高鸡免疫力的中草药饲料添加剂、制备方法及饲料，该方法主要是采用黄芪、党参、山药、茯苓、薏苡仁、炒莲子、白扁豆、白术、苍术、陈皮、淫羊藿、焦神曲、焦麦芽、槟榔、贯众、甘草为原料药制备成中草药饲料添加剂，但是该饲料添加剂主要是通过中草药饲喂来增强鸡的体质，提高机体免疫力，进而提高鸡对传染性疾病、致病性微生物和寄生虫的抵抗力。
综上，现有技术在解决家禽类体表寄生虫的危害方面存在众多缺陷，因此，研发和推广一种纯中药、无药残、无公害的高效、长效家禽体表寄生虫杀虫剂迫在眉睫。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法，生产出的饲料添加剂具有无抗、无残留、长效、高效杀灭家禽体表寄生虫的优点。
本发明提供了一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草10-30份、山楂10-30份、百部20-40份、苦参10-30份、南瓜籽10-20份、槟榔10-20份、花椒5-10份、鹤虱5-10份、苦楝皮5-10份、使君子5-10份、桑白皮5-10份。
优选的，用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草15-30份、山楂15-30份、百部30-40份、苦参15-30份、南瓜籽15-20份、槟榔15-20份、花椒8-10份、鹤虱8-10份、苦楝皮8-10份、使君子8-10份、桑白皮8-10份。
优选的，用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草20份、山楂20份、百部35份、苦参20份、南瓜籽18份、槟榔18份、花椒9份、鹤虱9份、苦楝皮9份、使君子9份、桑白皮9份。
本发明还提供了所述用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：先对原料进行烘干和紫外灭菌，然后按比例称取处理后的原料，再依次进行粉碎过筛，混合后即得成品。
优选的，所述烘干的温度为40-70℃，烘干时间为1-6h。本发明将原料先进行烘干，其目的是增加原料的脆性，采用低温烘干有利于保持原料中的热敏性成分，进而提高烘干效率，延长保存周期。
优选的，所述紫外灭菌时间为30-60min。
优选的，所述粉碎过筛后原料的粒径为1-2.5mm，通过粉碎可增大单位质量原料颗粒的总表面积，增加饲料养分在家禽消化液中的溶解度，提高饲料的消化率。也有利于原料中有效成分的溶出，更好的发挥药效。
优选的，所述混合是在密闭的容器中在强风作用下，对大小不同的原料进行多次混合，保证原料混合的更加均匀。
优选的，本发明还可以使用11味中药原料的提取液治疗家禽寄生虫病。具体如下：将中药材用电子天平各称取10g并进行破碎，然后将不同的药材放入不同的圆底烧瓶中(11种药材分别独立进行下列步骤)；然后浸泡于无水乙醇中，密封超声提取5h；然后用4层纱布过滤除去杂质，收集滤液；用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂乙醇，水浴温度为40℃，直至容器中的溶液变粘稠即可停止；水和吐温80按1：4的比例配制100ml，用于溶解旋蒸后的中药溶液，若难溶解可将其放入水浴锅中再加热并用小勺不断搅拌即可，制成含药量为10％的中药液；将提取的11种中药液进行混合，得到用于防治家禽寄生虫病的纯中药配方的饲料添加剂。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明科学选取了11味中药原料，经合理配伍制备成用于防治家禽寄生虫病的纯中药配方的饲料添加剂，可拌料食用，具有内服外杀、无应激，能达到杀灭家禽体表多种寄生虫的效果，尤其对鸡虱、臭虫、皮刺螨、跳骚、鸡蜱具有非常有效的杀虫效果，具有易消化吸收，无副作用，无抗生素，起效快，杀灭效率高，无药物残留，一次用药即可达到根治和免疫的效果等优点。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
下述实施例中所述试验方法或测试方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述原料和助剂，如无特殊说明，均从常规商业途径获得，或以常规方法制备。
在本发明中，可使用中药原料的原末或水或有机溶剂的提取物，即，作为原末、溶液制剂、粉剂等使用，作为有机溶剂，可使用甲醛、乙醇、丙酮等，也可与水或2种以上的有机溶剂混合使用，提取方法为：在生药中加入数倍量的溶剂并在常温或加热下萃取或渗滤，另外，当以粉末形式使用时，将新鲜的、阴干的或干燥的生药切细或打粉后使用，这时，可将其与制剂时常用的成分混合后作为粉剂或颗粒剂使用，通常将原末干燥打粉后使用，视情况，也可将粉末制成药丸后使用、或以饮料水的形式使用。
另外，在与一般饲料和配合饲料混合时，即可添加这些原料的粉末或提取物。一般饲料或配合饲料可以是自家饲料，也可以是商品饲料，添加量以占饲料重量的0.05-5％左右为宜，若小于上述范围，会减小饲料添加剂的效果，而若大于上述范围可能存在家禽的嗜好性和经济性方面的问题。
实施例1
一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草10g、山楂10g、百部20g、苦参10g、南瓜籽10g、槟榔10g、花椒5g、鹤虱5g、苦楝皮5g、使君子5g、桑白皮5g。
按比例称取各原料，然后将原料置于烘箱内，在50℃的条件下，烘干2h，然后将烘干后的原料铺成0.1-1cm厚度，紫外线灭菌30min，然后经粉碎机粉碎成粒径为1-2.5mm，过筛后在强风下充分混合制备成散剂。
实施例2
一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草20g、山楂20g、百部35g、苦参20g、南瓜籽18g、槟榔18g、花椒9g、鹤虱9g、苦楝皮9g、使君子9g、桑白皮9g。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草30g、山楂30g、百部40g、苦参30g、南瓜籽20g、槟榔20g、花椒10g、鹤虱10g、苦楝皮10g、使君子10g、桑白皮10g。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
本发明还可以使用11味中药原料的提取液治疗家禽寄生虫病。具体如下：将中药材用电子天平各称取10g并进行破碎，然后将不同的药材放入不同的圆底烧瓶中(11种药材分别独立进行下列步骤)；然后浸泡于无水乙醇中，密封超声提取5h；然后用4层纱布过滤除去杂质，收集滤液；用旋转蒸发仪除去乙醇，水浴温度为40℃，直至容器中的溶液变粘稠即可停止；水和吐温80按1：4的比例配制100ml，用于溶解旋蒸后的中药溶液，若难溶解可将其放入水浴锅中再加热并用小勺不断搅拌即可，制成含药量为10％的中药液；将提取的11种中药液进行混合，得到用于防治家禽寄生虫病的纯中药配方的饲料添加剂。
对比例1-6
分别将敌敌畏、溴氰菊酯、敌百虫、15％哒螨灵、乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯共计6种化学杀虫剂用自来水稀释为1:20均匀撒在病鸡全身的羽毛上，隔3天左右重复一次。
功效评价试验：
将上述实施例1-3制备的饲料添加剂100g和250斤普通鸡饲料混合拌匀，整个鸡群同时食用，将实施例4制备的中药提取液100ml稀释10000倍后与250斤普通鸡饲料混合，搅拌均匀，鸡群进行自由取食。并且在用药之前随机采样30只鸡，并记录病鸡数目，用药之后再随机采样30只鸡，记录病鸡数目，计算发病率。
将实施例1-4和对比例1-6化学杀虫剂的杀虫效果进行对比，结果如表1所示：
表1
由表1的试验结果可知，本申请所涉及的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂对体外寄生虫具有很好的杀灭效果，被鸡群摄取后将发病率由50-70％降低到10％以内。虽然，化学杀虫剂也有一定的杀虫效果，但是，其杀虫率明显低于本发明，同时化学杀虫剂存在药物残留，增强寄生虫耐药性的问题。
综上所述，本发明中所用中草药均为价格低廉的常用药物，可代替抗生素和化学杀虫剂的使用，无任何毒副作用，同时本发明制备的饲料添加剂经拌料内食，在鸡体内消化代谢形成可杀虫的甘草酸-百部碱络合物，并积于皮下组织和羽毛中发挥药效，内服外杀，解决现有鸡体表寄生虫治疗药物药效时间短，需要周期性施药，效果不佳，药物残留的难题，服务于我省乃至全国家禽养殖业，实现绿色养殖，保障民生食品安全。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草10-30份、山楂10-30份、百部20-40份、苦参10-30份、南瓜籽10-20份、槟榔10-20份、花椒5-10份、鹤虱5-10份、苦楝皮5-10份、使君子5-10份、桑白皮5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草15-30份、山楂15-30份、百部30-40份、苦参15-30份、南瓜籽15-20份、槟榔15-20份、花椒8-10份、鹤虱8-10份、苦楝皮8-10份、使君子8-10份、桑白皮8-10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：甘草20份、山楂20份、百部35份、苦参20份、南瓜籽18份、槟榔18份、花椒9份、鹤虱9份、苦楝皮9份、使君子9份、桑白皮9份。
4.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：先对原料进行烘干和紫外灭菌处理，然后按比例称取处理后的原料，再依次进行粉碎过筛，混合后即得成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烘干的温度为40-70℃，烘干时间为1-6h。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述紫外灭菌时间为30-60min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于防治家禽寄生虫病的饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述粉碎过筛后原料的粒径为1-2.5mm。
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