CN113545232A - 一种五彩桂嫁接育苗方法 - Google Patents
一种五彩桂嫁接育苗方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于植物育苗技术领域,尤其涉及一种五彩桂嫁接育苗方法,包括以下过程:(1)母树处理;(2)砧木苗处理;(3)接穗处理;(4)嫁接处理。本发明采用营养液以及叶面肥对彩色桂母树、砧木苗进行预培养处理,不仅能具有壮苗的作用,同时还能提高砧木苗与嫁接枝条的亲和性;采用营养液制成的嫁接液对接穗切口、砧木切口进行处理,不仅能促进切口处细胞的分裂,还能提高接穗切口、砧木切口的亲和力,促进愈伤组织的形成。本发明提供的嫁接育苗技术,能有效提高砧木苗与接穗的亲和力,减少了因砧木苗与接穗因亲和力不够高而出现的嫁接口处膨大的问题;同时还能促进嫁接苗嫁接口处愈伤组织的形成,提高嫁接成活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物育苗技术领域,尤其涉及一种五彩桂嫁接育苗方法。
背景技术
桂花,木犀科木犀属常绿灌木或小乔木,叶子对生,多呈椭圆或长椭圆形,叶面光滑,革质,叶边缘有锯齿;秋季开花,花簇生于叶腋,花冠分裂至基乳有乳白、黄、橙红等色,极芳香。桂花的根、果实及花可以入药,具有温肺入饮,散寒止痛的功效;可以用于痰饮止咳,脘腹冷痛,肠风血痢,经闭痛经,寒疝腹痛,牙痛,口臭。桂花作为我国传统十大花卉之一,集绿化、美化、香化于一体的观赏与实用兼备的优良园林树种。
五彩桂是金桂的变异品种,是变异品种的一朵奇葩,作为桂花的新品种其叶色一年四季变化多样,精彩纷呈,初春嫩芽为紫红玫红,后转为桃红,进而转金黄色至白色。五彩桂花树具有五色斑斓,姹紫嫣红的特点;为桂花家族中级其珍贵的不可多得的新品种,极具观赏价值和市场推广前景。
采用普通的扦插繁殖和种子繁殖方法培育桂花树,周期长,不能满足市场的需求。因此,五彩桂的快速培育技术是现在桂花种植业发展的关键点。目前,五彩桂的快速培育技术主要集中于五彩桂的嫁接技术。
如公开号为CN106258509A的专利公开了一种五彩桂嫁接方法,所述嫁接方法选择地径7-8cm的八月桂为砧木,所述八月桂分支点距地面1.5-1.8米;在砧木分支上离分支点20cm处截断,将剪口修至平滑并在剪口附近开口,开口稍带木质部;选择一年生五彩桂枝条作为接穗,接穗削面长度和砧木开口长度一致,并且接穗与砧木开口相契合;将接穗削面紧贴砧木开口,从上到下裹膜,然后套袋。
又如公开号为CN102613011A的专利公开了一种快速培植彩叶桂花大规格苗木的方法;将接穗内侧削开处插入新砧木的切口中,对齐形成层,接着包扎并用遮阳网遮荫;使彩叶接穗正常生长发育,形成彩叶树冠,即得到彩叶桂花大规格苗木。
上述两篇专利公开的彩叶桂嫁接技术,砧木与接穗的亲和力较差,嫁接处会出现膨大的情况,会影响嫁接苗后期的生长。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,具体是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)母树处理:选择生长良好的五彩桂树,向五彩桂输入营养液,选择输入营养液后新长出枝条,并作好标记,作为接穗的备选枝条;
(2)砧木苗处理:选择地径8-12cm的金桂树苗作为砧木,在嫁接前半个月,采用营养液和辅料1组成的叶面肥喷洒;
(3)接穗处理:截取步骤(1)中五彩桂树上的一年生枝条,枝条穗切成小段,每小段保留2对芽,作为接穗;接穗上部切口涂抹植物胶溶液1,接穗下部按45℃倾斜削,削完后,将接穗下部的斜切口放入由营养液和辅料2组成的嫁接液中浸泡3-4min,捞出,准备嫁接;
(4)嫁接处理:砧木苗在需要嫁接接穗部位截去上部枝条后,按45℃倾斜削,砧木斜切口与接穗斜切口相契合;在砧木切口处涂抹嫁接液后,将接穗斜切面与砧木斜切面紧贴,喷洒一层植物胶溶液2后,包裹一层遮阳网;然后将营养基质包裹在外层,用2层遮阳网固定;再按照常规管理进行培养,即可。
优选地,所述营养液中含有6-8%磷酸二铵、4-6%硫酸铁、3-4%钼酸铵、8-10%维生素C、1-2%柠檬酸钠。
优选地,所述叶面肥由营养液和辅料1按4-5:1的质量比混合组成;其中辅料1由羧甲基纤维素、EDTA、茶皂素按3-4:2-3:0.2的质量比混合而成。
优选地,所述植物胶溶液1按重量份计由2-3份肉桂醛、8-10份大蒜素、10-15份茶多酚、8-10份壳聚糖、2-3份黄原胶、300-400份水混合制成。
优选地,所述嫁接液由营养液与辅料2按3-4:2的体积比组成;其中,辅料2中含有8-10%葡萄糖、0.02-0.04%赤霉素、0.1-0.2%氯化钠。
优选地,所述植物胶溶液2按重量份计由1-2份纳米碳、8-10份艾绒、10-15份壳聚糖、1-2份黄原胶、300-400份水混合制成。
优选地,所述营养基质按重量份计算由30-40份甘蔗渣、10-20份艾草渣、10-15份香菇菌糠、10-15份木屑、0.01-0.02份复合菌液混合制成。
优选地,所述复合菌液中含有3-4×106cfu/ml枯草芽孢杆菌、1-2×104cfu/ml木霉菌。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明采用营养液以及叶面肥对彩色桂母树、砧木苗进行预培养处理,不仅能具有壮苗的作用,同时还能提高砧木苗与嫁接枝条的亲和性;采用营养液制成的嫁接液对接穗切口、砧木切口进行处理,不仅能促进切口处细胞的分裂,还能提高接穗切口、砧木切口的亲和力,促进愈伤组织的形成。采用植物杀菌剂制成的植物胶溶液1对切口进行处理,能在切口处形成一层抑菌膜,能防止嫁接生长过程中杂菌的污染。采用植物胶溶液2对嫁接处进行处理,在嫁接口处能形成具有吸附性、持水性、抑菌作用的膜,既能为嫁接口提供营养,又能防治杂菌污染。营养基质能保证嫁接处的营养需求;同时嫁接苗吸收后,能提高内源酶的活性,促进嫁接口的愈合。
本发明提供的嫁接育苗技术,能有效提高砧木苗与接穗的亲和力,减少了因砧木苗与接穗因亲和力不够高而出现的嫁接口处膨大的问题;同时还能促进嫁接苗嫁接口处愈伤组织的形成,提高嫁接成活率。
具体实施方式
下面结核具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
一种五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)母树处理:选择生长良好的五彩桂树,向五彩桂输入营养液,选择输入营养液后新长出枝条,并作好标记,作为接穗的备选枝条;
(2)砧木苗处理:选择地径8-12cm的金桂树苗作为砧木,在嫁接前半个月,采用营养液和辅料1组成的叶面肥喷洒;
(3)接穗处理:截取步骤(1)中五彩桂树上的一年生枝条,枝条穗切成小段,每小段保留2对芽,作为接穗;接穗上部切口涂抹植物胶溶液1,接穗下部按45℃倾斜削,削完后,将接穗下部的斜切口放入由营养液和辅料2组成的嫁接液中浸泡3-4min,捞出,准备嫁接;
(4)嫁接处理:砧木苗在需要嫁接接穗部位截去上部枝条后,按45℃倾斜削,砧木斜切口与接穗斜切口相契合;在砧木切口处涂抹嫁接液后,将接穗斜切面与砧木斜切面紧贴,喷洒一层植物胶溶液2后,包裹一层遮阳网;然后将营养基质包裹在外层,用2层遮阳网固定;再按照常规管理进行培养,即可。
所述营养液中含有6%磷酸二铵、6%硫酸铁、%钼酸铵、10%维生素C、1%柠檬酸钠。
所述叶面肥由营养液和辅料1按4:1的质量比混合组成;其中辅料1由羧甲基纤维素、EDTA、茶皂素按3:3:0.2的质量比混合而成。
所述植物胶溶液1按重量份计由2kg肉桂醛、10kg大蒜素、10kg茶多酚、10kg壳聚糖、2kg黄原胶、400kg水混合制成。
所述嫁接液由营养液与辅料2按3:2的体积比组成;其中,辅料2中含有8%葡萄糖、0.04%赤霉素、0.1%氯化钠。
所述植物胶溶液2按重量份计由1kg纳米碳、10kg艾绒、10kg壳聚糖、2kg黄原胶、300kg水混合制成。
所述营养基质按重量份计算由30kg甘蔗渣、20kg艾草渣、10kg香菇菌糠、15kg木屑、0.01kg复合菌液混合制成。
所述复合菌液中含有3-4×106cfu/ml枯草芽孢杆菌、1-2×104cfu/ml木霉菌。
实施例2
一种五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)母树处理:选择生长良好的五彩桂树,向五彩桂输入营养液,选择输入营养液后新长出枝条,并作好标记,作为接穗的备选枝条;
(2)砧木苗处理:选择地径8-12cm的金桂树苗作为砧木,在嫁接前半个月,采用营养液和辅料1组成的叶面肥喷洒;
(3)接穗处理:截取步骤(1)中五彩桂树上的一年生枝条,枝条穗切成小段,每小段保留2对芽,作为接穗;接穗上部切口涂抹植物胶溶液1,接穗下部按45℃倾斜削,削完后,将接穗下部的斜切口放入由营养液和辅料2组成的嫁接液中浸泡3-4min,捞出,准备嫁接;
(4)嫁接处理:砧木苗在需要嫁接接穗部位截去上部枝条后,按45℃倾斜削,砧木斜切口与接穗斜切口相契合;在砧木切口处涂抹嫁接液后,将接穗斜切面与砧木斜切面紧贴,喷洒一层植物胶溶液2后,包裹一层遮阳网;然后将营养基质包裹在外层,用2层遮阳网固定;再按照常规管理进行培养,即可。
所述营养液中含有8%磷酸二铵、4%硫酸铁、4%钼酸铵、8%维生素C、2%柠檬酸钠。
所述叶面肥由营养液和辅料1按5:1的质量比混合组成;其中辅料1由羧甲基纤维素、EDTA、茶皂素按4:2:0.2的质量比混合而成。
所述植物胶溶液1按重量份计由3kg肉桂醛、8kg大蒜素、15kg茶多酚、8kg壳聚糖、3kg黄原胶、400kg水混合制成。
所述嫁接液由营养液与辅料2按4:2的体积比组成;其中,辅料2中含有10%葡萄糖、0.02%赤霉素、0.2%氯化钠。
所述植物胶溶液2按重量份计由2kg纳米碳、8kg艾绒、15kg壳聚糖、1kg黄原胶、400kg水混合制成。
所述营养基质按重量份计算由40kg甘蔗渣、10kg艾草渣、15kg香菇菌糠、10kg木屑、0.02kg复合菌液混合制成。
所述复合菌液中含有3-4×106cfu/ml枯草芽孢杆菌、1-2×104cfu/ml木霉菌。
实施例3
一种五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)母树处理:选择生长良好的五彩桂树,向五彩桂输入营养液,选择输入营养液后新长出枝条,并作好标记,作为接穗的备选枝条;
(2)砧木苗处理:选择地径8-12cm的金桂树苗作为砧木,在嫁接前半个月,采用营养液和辅料1组成的叶面肥喷洒;
(3)接穗处理:截取步骤(1)中五彩桂树上的一年生枝条,枝条穗切成小段,每小段保留2对芽,作为接穗;接穗上部切口涂抹植物胶溶液1,接穗下部按45℃倾斜削,削完后,将接穗下部的斜切口放入由营养液和辅料2组成的嫁接液中浸泡3-4min,捞出,准备嫁接;
(4)嫁接处理:砧木苗在需要嫁接接穗部位截去上部枝条后,按45℃倾斜削,砧木斜切口与接穗斜切口相契合;在砧木切口处涂抹嫁接液后,将接穗斜切面与砧木斜切面紧贴,喷洒一层植物胶溶液2后,包裹一层遮阳网;然后将营养基质包裹在外层,用2层遮阳网固定;再按照常规管理进行培养,即可。
所述营养液中含有8%磷酸二铵、5%硫酸铁、3%钼酸铵、8%维生素C、1%柠檬酸钠。
所述叶面肥由营养液和辅料1按5:1的质量比混合组成;其中辅料1由羧甲基纤维素、EDTA、茶皂素按4:3:0.2的质量比混合而成。
所述植物胶溶液1按重量份计由3kg肉桂醛、10kg大蒜素、15kg茶多酚、8kg壳聚糖、3kg黄原胶、400kg水混合制成。
所述嫁接液由营养液与辅料2按4:2的体积比组成;其中,辅料2中含有10%葡萄糖、0.02%赤霉素、0.1%氯化钠。
所述植物胶溶液2按重量份计由2kg纳米碳、10kg艾绒、15kg壳聚糖、2kg黄原胶、400kg水混合制成。
所述营养基质按重量份计算由40kg甘蔗渣、10kg艾草渣、15kg香菇菌糠、15kg木屑、0.02kg复合菌液混合制成。
所述复合菌液中含有3-4×106cfu/ml枯草芽孢杆菌、1-2×104cfu/ml木霉菌。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于没有采用营养液对五彩桂母树、砧木苗进行处理,即没有步骤(1)和步骤(2),其余过程相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于没有采用植物胶溶液2处理嫁接口,其余过程相同。
对比例3
按照公开号为CN106258509A的专利中的实施例进行嫁接育苗。
对比例4
按照公开号为CN102613011A的专利中的实施例进行嫁接育苗。
采用实施例1-3和对比例1-3公开的嫁接育苗方法进行嫁接实验,统计苗木的成活率及嫁接口膨大情况,结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1中可知,本发提供的五彩桂嫁接方法,嫁接苗具有较高的成活率,同时能明显降低嫁接口处的膨大情况。
在此有必要指出的是,以上实施例和试验例仅限于对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述和理解,不能理解为对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,本领域技术人员作出的非突出实质性特征和显著进步的发明创造,仍然属于本发明的保护范畴。
Claims (8)
1.一种五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)母树处理:选择生长良好的五彩桂树,向五彩桂输入营养液,选择输入营养液后新长出枝条,并作好标记,作为接穗的备选枝条;
(2)砧木苗处理:选择地径8-12cm的金桂树苗作为砧木,在嫁接前1个月,采用营养液和辅料1组成的叶面肥喷洒;
(3)接穗处理:截取步骤(1)中五彩桂树上的一年生枝条,枝条穗切成小段,每小段保留2对芽,作为接穗;接穗上部切口涂抹植物胶溶液1,接穗下部按45℃倾斜削,削完后,将接穗下部的斜切口放入由营养液和辅料2组成的嫁接液中浸泡3-4min,捞出,准备嫁接;
(4)嫁接处理:砧木苗在需要嫁接接穗部位截去上部枝条后,按45℃倾斜削,砧木斜切口与接穗斜切口相契合;在砧木切口处涂抹嫁接液后,将接穗斜切面与砧木斜切面紧贴,喷洒一层植物胶溶液2后,包裹一层遮阳网;然后将营养基质包裹在外层,用2层遮阳网固定;再按照常规管理进行培养,即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述营养液中含有6-8%磷酸二铵、4-6%硫酸铁、3-4%钼酸铵、8-10%维生素C、1-2%柠檬酸钠。
3.如权利要求1所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述叶面肥由营养液和辅料1按4-5:1的质量比混合组成;其中辅料1由羧甲基纤维素、EDTA、茶皂素按3-4:2-3:0.2的质量比混合而成。
4.如权利要求1所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述植物胶溶液1按重量份计由2-3份肉桂醛、8-10份大蒜素、10-15份茶多酚、8-10份壳聚糖、2-3份黄原胶、300-400份水混合制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述嫁接液由营养液与辅料2按3-4:2的体积比组成;其中辅料2中含有8-10%葡萄糖、0.02-0.04%赤霉素、0.1-0.2%氯化钠。
6.如权利要求1所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述植物胶溶液2按重量份计由1-2份纳米碳、8-10份艾绒、10-15份壳聚糖、1-2份黄原胶、300-400份水混合制成。
7.如权利要求2所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述营养基质按重量份计算由30-40份甘蔗渣、10-20份艾草渣、10-15份香菇菌糠、10-15份木屑、0.01-0.02份复合菌液混合制成。
8.如权利要求7所述的五彩桂嫁接育苗技术,其特征在于,所述复合菌液中含有3-4×106cfu/ml枯草芽孢杆菌、1-2×104cfu/ml木霉菌。
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