CN113540863A - 电动车用充电连接器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明关于一种电动车用充电连接器,主要是在一连接器基座内设有一中空筒状的第一导电端子,该第一导电端子内设有一绝缘的隔离件,该隔离件中央设有一第二导电端子,使该第二导电端子同轴且电气隔离地位于该第一导电端子内;其中,该隔离件上形成有一个以上自表面凹入的环槽,该环槽同轴地环绕该第二导电端子,借此拉长该正极端子与负极端子间的爬电距离,并可扩大散热面积,以满足安全要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种充电连接器,尤指一种通过特殊设计以扩大爬电距离及电气间隙的电动车用充电连接器。
背景技术
根据中国国家标准GB 24155-2020《电动摩托车和电动轻便摩托车安全要求》,对于充电接口的爬电距离及电气间隙作出了具体的规范,其中,动力蓄电池的爬电距离应满足如下要求:
1.动力蓄电池连接端子间的爬电距离d1按下式(1)计算,单位为mm:
d1≥0.25U+5 (1)
2.带电部件与电平台之间的爬电距离d2按下式(2)计算,单位为mm:
d2≥0.125U+5 (2)
前述式(1)、式(2)的U为动力蓄电池两输出端子间的最大工作电压,单位为伏特。
另导电部件之间的电气间隙应不小于2.5mm。
配合图8所示,可知电气间隙与爬电距离的测量方式,其揭示一载体70上的两连接端子71、72,两连接端子71、72分别具有一可导电表面710、720,两可导电表面710、720的间距为电气间隙G,两连接端子71、72沿载体70表面的距离即为爬电距离D。
由上述可知,中国对电动车用的充电接口有上述的爬电距离、电气间隙要求。请配合参阅图9、图10,其揭示一种现有的电动车用连接器,主要是在一连接器基座80内设有一负极端子81,该负极端子81内同轴且电气隔离地设有一正极端子82,该负极端子81呈中空筒状,其内部具有连通的一上槽室811及一下槽室812,其中上槽室811的内径恒大于下槽室812,该上槽室811内并设有一冠簧813,该冠簧813与负极端子81电连接,且该冠簧813具有多个接触簧片,每一接触簧片分别朝一轴向方向延伸而构成一接触点,在上述连接器和一对应的连接器接合时,冠簧813为负极电源的主要传导媒介,其接触点则作为负极端子81的可导电表面。
而为实现该负极端子81在其内部同轴且电气隔离地设置该正极端子82,在其下槽室812内形状匹配地设有一绝缘座83,并在该绝缘座83中央设置该正极端子82,通过绝缘座83的设置,正极端子82即与负极端子81相互构成电气隔离。依上述中国国家标准的要求,该类型连接器的工作电压为50.4伏特,依前述式(1)计算,其爬电距离必须大于等于17.6mm(0.25x50.4+5),电气间隙则须大于2.5mm。对应到上述连接器,其意味着负极端子81沿绝缘座83表面到正极端子82的爬电距离必须大于17.6mm,该冠簧813的接触点作为负极端子81的可导电表面,其和正极端子82的电气间隙必须大于2.5mm。然如图11所示,根据实测结果显示,该负极端子81由冠簧813接触点到正极端子82的电气间隙G1为5.375mm,恒大于标准的2.5mm,符合安全要求。但该负极端子81沿绝缘座83表面到正极端子82的爬电距离D1仅为3.8mm,远低于17.6mm的安全要求而不符规定。
而上述连接器在外部连接方面,亦同样面临爬电距离不符合安全要求的问题,请参阅图12、图13所示,该负极端子81和正极端子82分别和一电连接片84、85连接,两电连接片84、85的一端分别固定在负极端子81、正极端子82的底部,另一端则弯折延伸至连接器基座80的底部以外,供外部电气连接用。基于连接器的规格要求,两电连接片84、85被配置在该连接器基座80底部的两相邻位置,其间的最短距离D2为6.20mm,其符合电气间隙必须大于等于2.5mm的要求,但爬电距离却远低于至少17.6mm的要求。
由上述可知,既有电动车用连接器在爬电距离上无法符合安全要求,故有待进一步检讨,并谋求可行的解决方案。
发明内容
因此本发明主要目的在提供一种电动车用充电连接器,其通过特殊的端子及绝缘构造以扩大爬电距离及电气间隙而符合安全要求。
为达成前述目的采取的主要技术手段是令前述电动车用充电连接器包括:
一连接器基座;
一第一导电端子,其一端设于该连接器基座内,另一端露出于该连接器基座;该第一导电端子呈中空筒状,其内部具有一上槽室及一下槽室,该下槽室进一步形成有一内缩槽壁,以扩大该下槽室的内径;
一隔离件,形状匹配地设在该第一导电端子的下槽室内;该隔离件的表面同轴地形成有一个以上朝下凹入的环槽;
一第二导电端子,设于该隔离件的中央处,以同轴且电气隔离地位于该第一导电端子内,该第二导电端子的一端位于该第一导电端子的上槽室内,另一端穿出于该隔离件的底部以外。
前述连接器的第一导电端子在其下槽室形成内缩槽壁,以扩大该下槽室的内径并相对加大位于其间所设隔离件的外径,而延长该第一导电端子沿着该隔离件表面到第二导电端子间的爬电距离;再者,复以该隔离件上形成有自表面凹入的环槽,因此将更大幅地延长该第一导电端子沿着该隔离件表面到第二导电端子间的爬电距离,另一方面又可扩大隔离件表面的散热面积,而充分满足安全要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明一较佳实施例的立体图;
图2为本发明一较佳实施例的剖视图;
图3为本发明一较佳实施例的部分剖视图;
图4为本发明一较佳实施例的局部剖视图;
图5为本发明一较佳实施例的弹性接触件、接触弹簧的分解图;
图6为本发明一较佳实施例的底视立体图;
图7为本发明一较佳实施例的底视平面图;
图8为爬电距离的计算示意图;
图9为现有电动车用连接器的立体图;
图10为现有电动车用连接器的组合剖视图;
图11为现有电动车用连接器的局部剖视图;
图12为现有电动车用连接器的底视立体图;
图13为现有电动车用连接器的底视平面图。
具体实施方式
关于本发明的一较佳实施例,首先请参阅图1、图2所示,其主要是于一连接器基座10内设有一第一导电端子20,第一导电端子20内同轴且电气隔离地设有一第二导电端子30;该第一导电端子20可为负极导电端子或正极导电端子,第二导电端子30则可对应地为正极导电端子或负极导电端子,在以下的实施例中,该第一导电端子20作为负极导电端子,第二导电端子30作为正极导电端子,但必须说明的是:前述该第一导电端子20、第二导电端子30分别作为负极导电端子、正极导电端子仅为举例,并非用以限制其功能。
该连接器基座10是中空状,其上端形成有一突出且呈环状的高台11,在该高台11内形状匹配地设有该第一导电端子20。
该第一导电端子20呈中空筒状,其一端位于该连接器基座10的高台11内,另一端则穿出于该高台11以外。该第一导电端子20内部形成有相连通的一上槽室21及一下槽室22,该上槽室21的内径大于下槽室22的内径,该下槽室22进一步形成有一内缩槽壁220,主要是使下槽室22通过槽壁内缩以相对扩大下槽室22的内径。
该第一导电端子20的下槽室22内形状匹配地设有一隔离件40,该隔离件40由绝缘材料构成,其具有一表面,该表面露出于该上槽室21的底部,该隔离件40的表面同轴地形成有一个以上朝下凹入的环槽,请配合参阅图3所示,在本实施例中,该隔离件40表面分别形成有一外环槽41及一内环槽42,该外环槽41位于该内环槽42的外围,具有较大外径且具有较大的深度,该外环槽41的深度大于隔离件40的二分之一高度。该内环槽42相较于该外环槽41,更接近该隔离件40的中央,该内环槽42的深度恒小于外环槽41的深度,其靠近中央的一侧壁上并形成有一阶级420。
该第二导电端子30设于该隔离件40的中央处,而为该隔离件40表面的外环槽41、内环槽42所环绕,该第二导电端子30的一端露出于该第一导电端子20的上槽室21间,其另一端则穿出该隔离件40的底部以外。请配合参阅图3所示,由于第一导电端子20的下槽室22以形成内缩槽壁220而扩大内径,相对地加大的隔离件40的外径,从而在水平方向上延长了该第一导电端子20和第二导电端子30之间的爬电距离,另一方面,该隔离件40的表面形成向下凹入的外环槽41和内环槽42,则进一步在垂直方向上加长爬电距离,配合参阅图4所示,该第一导电端子20与第二导电端子30间具体的爬电距离则为隔离件40表面多个高低落差的距离 加总所得,经过具体实测该爬电距离可达18.23mm,满足大于17.6mm的安全要求。
另一方面,由于隔离件40在其表面形成了外环槽41与内环槽42,其极大程度地扩大该隔离件40的表面积,从而使隔离件40表面具有较大的散热面积。
在电气间隙方面,请参阅图3所示,该第一导电端子20的上槽室21内电连接地设有一冠簧23,该冠簧23具有多个接触簧片,每一接触簧片朝第一导电端子20的一轴心方向延伸而形成一接触点230,而该第一导电端子20与第二导电端子30之间的电气间隙则为冠簧23的接触点230到第二导电端子30的距离,其恒大于安全要求规范的2.5mm。
以下进一步说明该第二导电端子30的具体构造,请参阅图3所示,该第二导电端子30为狭长的中空管状,其内部形成有相连通的一上孔道31、一下孔道32,该上孔道31孔径大于下孔道32孔径,且下孔道32为一螺孔。该第二导电端子30在其上孔道31内设有一弹性接触件33及一接触弹簧34,该接触弹簧34位于上孔道31下端,该弹性接触件33为一冠簧形式,位于上孔道31的上端且在接触弹簧34的上方。
请参阅图5所示,该弹性接触件33包含一上环331、一下环332及多个以两端分别连接上环331、下环332的接触簧片333,每一接触簧片333朝该上环331、下环332的一轴心方向延伸而分别形成有一接触点,在本实施例中,各接触簧片333的接触点与下环332的距离大于该接触点与上环331的距离,相较于传统的冠簧,该弹性接触件33加长了接触簧片333的长度(力臂),可延长该弹性接触件33的使用寿命。
该接触弹簧34上端具有一收束部341,该收束部341外径小于弹性接触件33的下环332内径、大于该弹性接触件33在其接触点处的内径,而使该收束部341位于该弹性接触件33的接触点下方。该接触弹簧34下端具有一绕匝密集的密匝部342,请配合参阅图3所示,该接触弹簧34在其密匝部342下端穿设一螺柱35,该螺柱35螺设在该第二导电端子30的下孔道32,借此将该接触弹簧34固定在该第二导电端子30的上孔道31内。
请参阅图1、图6所示,该连接器基座10的底部一侧同时设有一第一接电片200、一第二接电片300,该第一接电片200、第二接电片300以一夹角相对,其一端在连接器基座10内部分别与该第一导电端子20、第二导电端子30的底部电连接,该第一接电片200、第二接电片300以垂直方向伸出于该连接器基座10的底部,随即朝水平方向扭转且延伸,而使该第一接电片200、第二接电片300的另一端呈平行排列(请配合参阅图7所示),该第一接电片200、第二接电片300露出该连接器基座10以外的部分,除尾端裸露供电连接外,分别覆设有一绝缘层201、301,利用该绝缘层201、301的设置,得以大幅延长该第一接电片200与第二接电片300的爬电距离,而能充分符合安全要求的规范。
根据前述的具体实施例说明可了解,本发明扩大第一导电端子的下槽室内径,借此加长隔离件的外径,而在水平方向上延长了第一导电端子与第二导电端子之间的爬电距离,且该隔离件表面形成一个以上凹入的环槽,则在垂直方向上进一步扩大了前述爬电距离,而得以充足的距离符合安全规定的要求;再者,当隔离件的表面形成环槽亦显著扩大其表面积,有助于提高隔离件的散热面积。另一方面,在外部连接用的第一接电片、第二接电片在露出于连接器基座的部分覆设绝缘层,使该第一接电片、第二接电片之间的爬电距离也能满足安全要求。
Claims (10)
1.一种电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,包括:
一连接器基座;
一第一导电端子,其一端设于该连接器基座内,另一端露出于该连接器基座;该第一导电端子呈中空筒状,其内部具有一上槽室及一下槽室,该下槽室进一步形成有一内缩槽壁,以扩大该下槽室的内径;
一隔离件,形状匹配地设在该第一导电端子的下槽室内;该隔离件的表面同轴地形成有一个以上朝下凹入的环槽;
一第二导电端子,设于该隔离件的中央处,以同轴且电气隔离地位于该第一导电端子内,该第二导电端子的一端位于该第一导电端子的上槽室内,另一端穿出于该隔离件的底部以外。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该隔离件表面分别形成有一外环槽及一内环槽,该外环槽位于该内环槽的外围。
3.如权利要求2所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该外环槽的深度大于隔离件的二分之一高度。
4.如权利要求2所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该内环槽的深度恒小于外环槽的深度,其靠近该隔离件中央的一侧壁上形成有一阶级。
5.如权利要求1所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该第二导电端子为狭长的中空管状,其内部形成有相连通的一上孔道、一下孔道,该上孔道孔径大于下孔道孔径;
该第二导电端子在其上孔道内设有一弹性接触件及一接触弹簧,该接触弹簧位于上孔道下端,该弹性接触件位于上孔道的上端且在该接触弹簧的上方。
6.如权利要求5所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该弹性接触件为一冠簧形式,其包含一上环、一下环及多个以两端分别连接该上环、该下环的接触簧片,每一接触簧片朝该上环、该下环的一轴心方向延伸而分别形成有一接触点,各接触簧片的接触点与下环的距离大于该接触点与上环的距离。
7.如权利要求5所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该接触弹簧上端具有一收束部,该收束部外径小于该弹性接触件的下环内径、大于该弹性接触件在其接触点处的内径,该收束部位于该弹性接触件各接触簧片的接触点下方。
8.如权利要求7所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该第二导电端子的下孔道为一螺孔;
该接触弹簧下端具有一绕匝密集的密匝部,该接触弹簧在其密匝部下端穿设一螺柱,该螺柱螺设在该第二导电端子的下孔道。
9.如权利要求1所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该连接器基座的底部一侧同时设有一第一接电片、一第二接电片,该第一接电片、该第二接电片以一夹角相对,其一端在连接器基座内部分别与该第一导电端子、该第二导电端子的底部电连接,该第一接电片、该第二接电片露出该连接器基座以外的部分,除尾端裸露供电连接外分别覆设有一绝缘层。
10.如权利要求9所述的电动车用充电连接器,其特征在于,该第一接电片、该第二接电片以垂直方向伸出于该连接器基座的底部,随即朝水平方向扭转且延伸,而使该第一接电片、该第二接电片的另一端呈平行排列。
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