CN113540805A - Omnidirectional antenna system with beam bunching effect - Google Patents

Omnidirectional antenna system with beam bunching effect Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113540805A
CN113540805A CN202110920214.0A CN202110920214A CN113540805A CN 113540805 A CN113540805 A CN 113540805A CN 202110920214 A CN202110920214 A CN 202110920214A CN 113540805 A CN113540805 A CN 113540805A
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dipole
antenna
parasitic
effect
antenna system
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熊江
陈浩亮
胡雅丽
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a dipole antenna array with a beam-bunching effect as a theoretical model, provides two ultralow-profile omnidirectional antenna systems with the beam-bunching effect based on the theoretical model, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. Compared with a single dipole (namely uncompressed wave beam), the dipole antenna array obtains narrower wave beam width and higher gain, achieves the goal of beam bunching, and provides theoretical guidance for the design of an actual antenna system. The two types of ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna systems with the beam forming effect have the advantages that the beam forming effect and the gain improvement effect are remarkable while the ultra-low profile is maintained, and the two types of ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna systems with the beam forming effect can be well applied to limited space and specific scenes; meanwhile, the design has great frequency flexibility, and an antenna system working at other frequencies (such as 2G, 4G and the like) can be easily designed, so that corresponding theories and engineering technologies in the field of antennas are further enriched and developed.

Description

Omnidirectional antenna system with beam bunching effect
The present application is a divisional application of the patent application entitled "omnidirectional antenna system with beamforming effect" filed on 20/11/2020 and having application number 202011312934.0.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to an omnidirectional antenna system with a beam-bunching effect.
Background
Antennas are classified into two major categories, directional antennas and omni-directional antennas, according to their radiation patterns. In a complex communication scene, some antennas are required to radiate omni-directionally, that is, the horizontal plane of the antenna is uniformly radiated at 360 degrees, and the vertical plane of the antenna has a certain beam width. At present, the omnidirectional antenna is widely applied to the aspects of point-to-multiple communication, mobile communication, satellite communication, space vehicles and the like. For an omnidirectional antenna, compressing the beam width on the vertical plane of the omnidirectional antenna is an important method for increasing the antenna gain and increasing the transmission distance of the antenna. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the communication system, the antenna design should meet the requirement that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna beam is aligned with the incoming wave direction of the signal, and other interference directions of the signal correspond to the beam zero point direction of the antenna, so that it is also desirable that the half-power beam width of the antenna is as narrow as possible under the requirement of meeting the radiation characteristic, such as a body surface sensor antenna, an aircraft antenna, and the like. In addition, in the actual installation process of the antenna, in order to reduce the wind resistance, ensure the installation position to be hidden and reduce the construction and maintenance cost of the antenna, the low profile becomes the focus of attention of the omnidirectional antenna.
The document "Top-Hat monobolole Antenna for conventional-Beam Radiation" discloses a Monopole Antenna with a circular patch loaded at the Top end, wherein the working frequency of the Antenna is 10GHz, the height of the Antenna section is 3mm (0.1 lambda), and the radius of the loaded circular patch is about 0.61 lambda; although the antenna meets the requirement of omnidirectional radiation, the transverse electrical size and the section height of the antenna are large, and the antenna is difficult to apply in a specific scene.
The document "2.4 ghz Planar Antenna with Omni-directional Polarized Antenna for WLAN Applications" designs a Horizontally Polarized omnidirectional Antenna with a microstrip structure, wherein two zigzag metal radiating patches are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of a dielectric substrate of the Antenna, and the two zigzag patches are arranged in a crossed manner and have completely symmetrical structures, so that the current amplitudes on the metal inclined arms are the same and opposite in phase, the far field contribution is zero, and the currents on the four straight arms are equivalent to clockwise annular current. The antenna has good omni-directionality, but the half-power beam width is as wide as 100 degrees, and the antenna gain is also low.
In summary, in the design of the omnidirectional antenna, low profile and narrow beam are difficult to be considered; therefore, it is of great engineering interest to find an antenna structure that has both a low profile and a narrow beam and is relatively simple to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a dipole antenna array with a beam-bunching effect as a theoretical model, and provides two ultra-low section omnidirectional antenna systems with the beam-bunching effect based on the theoretical model.
The technical problem proposed by the invention is solved as follows:
a dipole antenna array with beam bunching effect comprises dipoles and parasitic dipoles;
in a rectangular coordinate system, the dipoles are placed along the z axis, and the current is positive along the z axis; in the area of the yoz plane, z >0 and y <0, the 1 st parasitic dipole is placed along the y-axis, and the current points to the positive direction of the y-axis; mirroring the 1 st parasitic dipole along the xoz plane (mirroring the current direction simultaneously), and obtaining a2 nd parasitic dipole; rotating the 1 st parasitic dipole and the 2 nd parasitic dipole around a z axis at an angle alpha for n times, wherein n is a natural number to respectively obtain a (2q +1) th parasitic dipole and a (2q +2) th parasitic dipole, q is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, and n alpha is less than or equal to 360 degrees; and (3) mirroring the 2n +2 parasitic dipoles along the xoy plane, and negating the current direction to obtain the (2n +2+ p) th parasitic dipole, wherein p is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2n + 2.
An ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna system with a beam-bunching effect comprises two radiators, two dielectric substrates, three short-circuit nails and four nylon support columns; the first radiator is positioned on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the second radiator is positioned on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are round dielectric substrates with the same size and the same material, and an air gap is reserved between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the four nylon columns are positioned between the two layers of dielectric substrates and close to the edges of the dielectric substrates to play a supporting role;
the two radiators have the same structure and comprise a circular active patch and six I-shaped parasitic units; the center of the circular active patch is superposed with the center of the dielectric substrate; the I-shaped parasitic units are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circular active patch, the transverse arc-shaped branches of the I-shaped parasitic units are parallel to the circumference, and the middle of the longitudinal branches is provided with a through longitudinal gap;
the three short-circuit nails penetrate through the dielectric substrate and the air gap, and two ends of the three short-circuit nails are respectively connected with the circular active patches of the two radiators; the three short-circuit nails are arranged uniformly at the same distance from the center of the circular active patch.
The antenna system is fed at the circular active patch by a coaxial line.
Further, the dielectric constant of the two dielectric substrates is 2.2, and the distance H between the two radiators is 0.06 λg，λgIs the waveguide wavelength.
Further, the radius R2 of the dielectric substrate is 0.68 λgRadius R1 of circular active patch is 0.35 λgThe distance R3 between short-circuit pin and center of circle is 0.16 lambdag。
Furthermore, the distance g between the I-shaped parasitic element and the circular active patch is 0.02 lambdag。
Further, the longitudinal length D of the I-shaped parasitic unit is 0.24 lambdagThe central angle theta corresponding to the transverse arc branch is 57 degrees, and the strip width w is 0.021 lambdag。
The diameter d of the short-circuit nail is 0.02 lambdag。
An ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna system with a beam-bunching effect comprises a radiator, a dielectric substrate, a metal floor and five short-circuit nails;
the radiator is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiator comprises a circular active patch and six T-shaped parasitic units; the center of the circular active patch is superposed with the center of the dielectric substrate; the T-shaped parasitic units are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circular active patch, and the transverse arc-shaped branches of the T-shaped parasitic units are parallel to the circumference;
the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the medium substrate, and the radius of the round active patch is smaller than that of the metal floor and smaller than that of the round medium substrate;
five short-circuit nails penetrate through the dielectric substrate, and two ends of the five short-circuit nails are respectively connected with the circular active patch of the radiator and the metal floor; the distance between the five short-circuit nails and the center of the circular active patch is the same and the five short-circuit nails are uniformly distributed.
The antenna system is fed at the circular active patch by a coaxial line.
Further, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2, and the distance H between the radiator and the metal floor is 0.01 λg。
Further, the radius R4 of the dielectric substrate is 0.64 λgThe radius R2 of metal floor is 0.51 lambdagRadius R1 of active circular patch is 0.3 λgThe distance R3 between short-circuit pin and center of circle is 0.16 lambdag。
Further, the distance g between the T-shaped parasitic element and the circular active patch is 0.01 lambdag。
Further, the longitudinal length D of the T-shaped parasitic element is 0.31 λgThe central angle theta corresponding to the transverse arc-shaped branch is 55 degrees, and the strip width w is 0.012 lambdag。
Further, the short-circuit nail has a diameter d of 0.01 λg。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with a single dipole (namely uncompressed wave beam), the dipole antenna array obtains narrower wave beam width and higher gain, achieves the goal of beam bunching, and provides theoretical guidance for the design of an actual antenna system.
The two ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna systems with the beam forming effect have the advantages that the beam forming effect and the gain improvement effect are remarkable while the ultra-low profile is maintained, and the two ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna systems can be well applied to the space and a specific scene; meanwhile, the design has great frequency flexibility, and an antenna system working at other frequencies (such as 2G, 4G and the like) can be easily designed, so that corresponding theories and engineering technologies in the field of antennas are further enriched and developed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a rectangular coordinate pattern of the dipole antenna array according to one embodiment;
fig. 3 is a top view of the antenna system of the second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the antenna system of embodiment two;
FIG. 5 is a far field E-plane pattern of the antenna system of the second embodiment;
fig. 6 is a top view of the antenna system of the third embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a side view of the antenna system of the third embodiment;
fig. 8 is a far-field E-plane pattern of the antenna system according to the third embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a dipole antenna array with beamforming effect, whose schematic structural diagram is shown in fig. 1, and includes a dipole and a parasitic dipole;
in a rectangular coordinate system, the dipole 1 is placed along the z axis and is a #0 feed source dipole, the current is in the positive direction of the z axis, and the magnitude of the current is I0(ii) a In the yoz plane, z>0、y<In the area of 0, a #1 parasitic dipole 2 is placed along the y axis, the current points to the positive direction of the y axis, and the magnitude of the current is I1，I0/I11.2, the center distance d from the z axis is 0.25 lambda, the distance h from the y axis is 0.05 lambda, and lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the dipole antenna array; mirroring the #1 parasitic dipole 2 along the xoz plane (mirroring the current direction at the same time), so as to obtain a #2 parasitic dipole 3; the #1 parasitic dipole 2 and the #2 parasitic dipole 3Rotating the first parasitic dipole and the second parasitic dipole around the z axis at an angle alpha n times, wherein n is a natural number, and obtaining a (2q +1) th parasitic dipole and a (2q +2) th parasitic dipole respectively, q is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, n alpha is less than or equal to 360 degrees, and in the embodiment, n is 0; the #1 parasitic dipole 2 and the #2 parasitic dipole 3 are mirrored along the xoy plane, and the current direction is reversed, so that the #3 parasitic dipole 4 and the #4 parasitic dipole 5 are arranged.
The rectangular coordinate directional diagram of the dipole antenna array is shown in fig. 2, and a far field directional diagram of the dipole antenna array is obtained by calculation based on a far field formula of infinitesimal dipoles, E0Is a directional pattern of the center-fed dipole 1, EpThe directional diagram of four parasitic dipoles 2-5; e0And EpAre in opposite phases, so that E is obtained by superimposing the twotIs the directional diagram of the whole array; epCan be combined with E0Field cancellation in the direction deviating from maximum radiation, and thus with respect to E0，EtA significant bunching effect occurs, i.e. a narrower lobe width, better energy radiation to the target direction and a reduction in energy in non-target directions.
Example two
The embodiment provides an ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna system with a beamforming effect, wherein a top view is shown in fig. 3, and a side view is shown in fig. 4, and the system includes two radiators, two dielectric substrates, three shorting pins 8, and four nylon support pillars 9; the first radiator is positioned on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the second radiator is positioned on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate; the first dielectric substrate 41 and the second dielectric substrate 42 are circular dielectric substrates with the same size and the same material, and an air gap 42 is reserved between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the four nylon columns 9 are positioned between the two layers of dielectric substrates and close to the edges of the dielectric substrates to play a supporting role;
the two radiators have the same structure and comprise a circular active patch 6 and six I-shaped parasitic units 7; the center of the circular active patch is superposed with the center of the dielectric substrate; the I-shaped parasitic units are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circular active patch, the transverse arc-shaped branches of the I-shaped parasitic units are parallel to the circumference, and the middle of the longitudinal branches is provided with a through longitudinal gap;
the three short-circuit nails penetrate through the dielectric substrate and the air gap, and two ends of the three short-circuit nails are respectively connected with the circular active patches of the two radiators; the three short-circuit nails are arranged uniformly at the same distance from the center of the circular active patch.
The antenna system is fed at the circular active patch by a coaxial line 44.
The dielectric constant of the two dielectric substrates is 2.2, and the distance H between the two radiators is 12mm (0.06 lambda)g，λgA waveguide wavelength).
Radius R2 of the dielectric substrate is 137mm (0.68 lambda)g) Radius R1 of circular active patch is 70mm (0.35 λ)g) The distance R3 between the short-circuit pin and the center of the circle is 32mm (0.16 lambda)g)。
The distance g between the I-shaped parasitic element and the circular active patch is 4.2mm (0.02 lambda)g)。
The longitudinal length D of the I-shaped parasitic element is 49mm (0.24 lambda)g) The central angle theta corresponding to the transverse arc-shaped branch is 57 degrees, and the strip width w is 4mm (0.021 lambda)g)。
The short-circuit nail has a diameter d of 4.2mm (0.02 lambda)g) The parameters have little influence on radiation characteristics, and can be used for fine tuning the working frequency of the antenna and increasing the flexibility of design.
The transverse size of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent by the I-shaped parasitic unit introduced by the embodiment, and meanwhile, the key beam bunching effect is realized.
According to the cavity mode theory of the circular patch antenna, the miniaturization of the circular patch can be realized by introducing the central short circuit nail; on this basis, in order to achieve symmetry of the radiation pattern while miniaturizing the antenna size, the number of the short-circuiting nails is 3.
The operating frequency of the antenna system described in this embodiment is 1GHz, the maximum radiation direction is on the horizontal plane, and the half-power beam width is 66 ° (the uncompressed beam width is 116 °) on the horizontal plane; the gain is 2.7dB (not 1.75dB before uncompressed beam).
Example two the far field pattern of the antenna system is shown in fig. 5, G0Corresponding beamwidth 116 for the pattern of the reference antenna (i.e., without adding any parasitic elements)Degree, gain 1.75 dB; gtThe corresponding beam width of the directional diagram of the embodiment is 66 degrees, and the gain is 2.7 dB; the gain is improved by 54%, and the beam width is compressed by 43%.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides an ultra-low profile omnidirectional antenna system with beamforming effect, wherein the top view is shown in fig. 6, and the cross-sectional view is shown in fig. 7, and the system includes a radiator, a dielectric substrate 72, a metal floor 64, and five short-circuit nails 63;
the radiator is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiator comprises a circular active patch 61 and six T-shaped parasitic elements 62; the center of the circular active patch is superposed with the center of the dielectric substrate; the T-shaped parasitic units are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circular active patch, and the transverse arc-shaped branches of the T-shaped parasitic units are parallel to the circumference;
the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the medium substrate, and the radius of the round active patch is smaller than that of the metal floor and smaller than that of the round medium substrate;
five short-circuit nails penetrate through the dielectric substrate, and two ends of the five short-circuit nails are respectively connected with the circular active patch of the radiator and the metal floor; the distance between the five short-circuit nails and the center of the circular active patch is the same and the five short-circuit nails are uniformly distributed.
The antenna system is fed at the circular active patch by a coaxial line 72.
The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2, and the distance H between the radiator and the metal floor is 2mm (only 0.01 λ)g)。
Radius R4 of the dielectric substrate is 128mm (0.64 lambda)g) The radius of the metal floor board R2 is 104mm (0.51 lambda)g) Radius R1 of active circular patch is 60mm (0.3 λ)g) The distance R3 between the short-circuit pin and the center of the circle is 32.5mm (0.16 lambda)g)。
The distance g between the T-shaped parasitic element and the circular active patch is 2.2 mm.
The longitudinal length D of the T-shaped parasitic element is 63mm (0.31) lambdagThe central angle theta corresponding to the transverse arc-shaped branch is 55 degrees, and the strip width w is 2.5mm (0.012 lambda)g)。
The short-circuit nail has a diameter d of 2.2mm (0.01 lambda)g) The parameter has little influence on the radiation characteristic,can be used for fine tuning the working frequency of the antenna and increasing the flexibility of design.
In the embodiment, the introduced T-shaped parasitic unit reduces the transverse size of the antenna to a certain extent, and simultaneously realizes a key beam bunching effect; and (3) calculating to obtain an included angle of 45 degrees between the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and the horizontal plane according to a geometric diffraction theory after the metal floor is introduced.
According to the cavity mode theory of the circular patch antenna, the miniaturization of the circular patch can be realized by introducing the central short circuit nail; on this basis, in order to achieve symmetry of the radiation pattern while miniaturizing the antenna size, the number of the short-circuiting nails is 5.
The operating frequency of the antenna system described in this embodiment is 1GHz, and the half-power beam width in the maximum radiation direction is 53 ° (the uncompressed beam width is 126 °); the gain is 2.8dB (not 1.9dB before the uncompressed beam).
The far field pattern of the antenna system of this embodiment is shown in fig. 8, G0For the pattern of the reference antenna (i.e., without any parasitic elements added) to correspond to a beam width of 126 °, a gain of 1.9 dB; gtThe corresponding beam width of the directional diagram of the embodiment is 53 degrees, and the gain is 2.8 dB; the gain is improved by 47% and the beam width is compressed by 58%.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, but all the modifications made by the principles of the present invention and the non-inventive efforts based on the above-mentioned embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A dipole antenna array with a beam bunching effect is characterized by comprising dipoles and parasitic dipoles;
in a rectangular coordinate system, the dipoles are placed along the z axis, and the current is positive along the z axis; in the area of the yoz plane, z >0 and y <0, the 1 st parasitic dipole is placed along the y-axis, and the current points to the positive direction of the y-axis; mirroring the 1 st parasitic dipole along the xoz plane to obtain a2 nd parasitic dipole; rotating the 1 st parasitic dipole and the 2 nd parasitic dipole around a z axis at an angle alpha for n times, wherein n is a natural number to respectively obtain a (2q +1) th parasitic dipole and a (2q +2) th parasitic dipole, q is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, and n alpha is less than or equal to 360 degrees; and (3) mirroring the 2n +2 parasitic dipoles along the xoy plane, and negating the current direction to obtain the (2n +2+ p) th parasitic dipole, wherein p is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2n + 2.
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Application publication date: 20211022