CN113539767A - Coaxial energy transmission structure for traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube - Google Patents
Coaxial energy transmission structure for traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN113539767A CN113539767A CN202110809254.8A CN202110809254A CN113539767A CN 113539767 A CN113539767 A CN 113539767A CN 202110809254 A CN202110809254 A CN 202110809254A CN 113539767 A CN113539767 A CN 113539767A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coaxial energy transmission structure for a traveling wave tube and the traveling wave tube, wherein the coaxial energy transmission window structure comprises: the coaxial energy transmission window comprises a needle-shaped inner conductor, an outer conductor with external threads and a supporting medium which is arranged in the outer conductor and used for fixing the inner conductor; the metal pipe is detachably inserted into the end part of the inner conductor; the inner conductor outer ring is sleeved on the inner side of the outer conductor, and a gap is formed between the metal pipe and the inner conductor; wherein the outer diameter of the outer conductor and the inner diameter of the metal tube respectively correspond to a standard male radio frequency coaxial connector. The coaxial energy transmission window can be directly connected with the standard male radio frequency connector, so that the original external adapter is removed, the size of the coaxial energy transmission window is reduced, and the width size of the traveling wave tube is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, in particular to a coaxial energy transmission structure of a spiral line miniaturized traveling wave tube.
Background
The traveling wave tube is a microwave vacuum electronic device, can amplify signals of different frequency bands, has the characteristics of high power, wide frequency band, high gain and high efficiency, and is widely applied to the fields of electronic countermeasure, radar, satellite communication and the like. The traveling wave tube mainly comprises five parts, namely an electron gun, a focusing magnetic system, a slow wave structure, an input-output coupler device and a collector. The working principle is that the electron gun generates an electron beam with required size and current, the electron beam passes through a slender slow wave structure after coming out of the electron gun, and a high-frequency signal enters a traveling wave tube through an input coupler device to form a traveling wave transmitted along the slow wave structure. The task of the slow wave structure is to reduce the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave to be substantially the same as the moving velocity of the electrons, so that the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave interact to exchange energy. Due to the focusing effect of the magnetic field, the electron beam advances in the slow wave structure along the axial direction of the slow wave structure, the electron advancing process is accompanied with the interaction with the electromagnetic wave, the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted into the energy of the electromagnetic wave, and therefore the energy amplification of the input high-frequency signal is achieved. The high-frequency signal is output through the output coupler device, and the electrons giving out most of energy are finally sent to the collector to be converted into heat energy.
Compared with a solid-state microwave amplifier, the conventional traveling wave tube can provide enough output power, but the operating voltage is required to be increased, so that the conventional traveling wave tube is not convenient for a user to use at power-on in practical operation. In addition, the size and weight of the traveling wave tube are too large, and the structure is also complicated, so that the processing and the maintenance are difficult. Therefore, in response to the challenges of solid-state microwave amplifiers, there is an increasing need to develop practical low-voltage, high-reliability miniaturized traveling-wave tubes. The Microwave Power Module (MPM) adopts a solid-state amplifier as an exciting stage and a traveling wave tube as an output stage, integrates the solid-state amplifier and the traveling wave tube, has the advantages of a solid-state device and an electric vacuum device, and is widely applied to various military and civil fields such as electronic weapon equipment systems, satellite communication and the like. The development of MPM also requires the traveling wave tube to be more and more miniaturized. The traveling wave tube is designed in a miniaturized mode, and the application range of the traveling wave tube can be expanded.
Miniaturization of the traveling wave tube can be achieved by individually miniaturizing the length (L), thickness (H), and width (W) thereof. For example, the length can be satisfied by shortening the slow-wave structure, and the thickness can be satisfied by reducing the radial dimensions of the electron gun, the high-frequency band, and the collector thereof; in comparison, it is difficult to miniaturize the width of the traveling wave tube. The reasonable miniaturization of the width of the traveling wave tube is necessary for fully utilizing the internal space of the MPM and improving the integration level of the MPM. The input and output coupler devices of the traveling wave tube, i.e. the energy transmission structure, play an important role in determining the width of the traveling wave tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized traveling wave tube, wherein an input coaxial coupler in an energy transmission structure of the traveling wave tube has a lower height, so that the transverse size of the traveling wave tube is reduced.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coaxial power transmission window structure comprising: the coaxial energy transmission window comprises a needle-shaped inner conductor, an outer conductor with external threads and a supporting medium which is arranged in the outer conductor and used for fixing the inner conductor;
the metal pipe is detachably inserted into the end part of the inner conductor; and
the inner conductor outer ring is sleeved on the inner side of the outer conductor, and a gap is formed between the metal pipe and the inner conductor;
wherein the outer diameter of the outer conductor and the inner diameter of the metal tube respectively correspond to a standard male radio frequency coaxial connector.
Preferably, the outer conductor is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a bottom surface of the inner conductor outer ring abuts against a bottom surface of the outer conductor.
Preferably, an interference fit is formed between the inner conductor outer ring and the outer conductor.
Preferably, the metal tube and the inner conductor are in interference fit.
Preferably, the metal tube is made of nickel.
Preferably, the outer conductor comprises coaxially arranged upper and lower portions, the end of the inner conductor and the inner conductor outer ring being located within the upper portion.
Preferably, a receiving space for receiving the supporting medium is formed at a junction of the upper part and the lower part.
Preferably, an annular boss is arranged in the upper part, and the outer ring of the inner conductor abuts against the boss.
Preferably, the cross-section of the lower portion is provided with a T-shape.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a traveling wave tube is provided.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the coaxial energy transmission window structure, the outer diameter of the outer conductor of the coaxial energy transmission window corresponds to the nut of the standard male radio frequency connector, the metal pipe is inserted into the inner conductor of the coaxial energy transmission window, the outer ring of the inner conductor is sleeved in the outer conductor, and the coaxial energy transmission window is directly connected with the standard male radio frequency connector, so that the original outer adapter is removed, the size of the coaxial energy transmission window is reduced, and the width size of a traveling wave tube is reduced.
The metal tube and the outer ring of the inner conductor are detachable parts outside the traveling wave tube, and can be directly replaced after being inserted and aged for multiple times, so that the condition that the traveling wave tube is effectively used or even scrapped due to aging of the metal tube is avoided, and long-term effective use of the traveling wave tube is promoted.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the coaxial energy transmission window of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention and a standard male rf connector.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
The connection between the radio frequency coaxial cables is generally realized by connecting a standard male radio frequency connector and a female radio frequency connector, wherein an inner conductor interface of the standard male connector is a solid needle, an outer conductor interface is a rotatable nut, an inner conductor interface of the female connector is a hole, an outer conductor interface is a bolt, an inner conductor between the two is matched and connected with the hole through the needle, an outer conductor is matched and connected through threads, and the rotatable nut on the male connector is screwed on the outer conductor bolt of the female connector.
The coaxial energy transmission window is an important component for energy transmission of microwave electronic devices such as traveling wave tubes, klystrons, backward wave tubes, magnetrons and the like, can ensure that a slow wave circuit with injection-wave interaction in the microwave devices is in a vacuum environment to play a role in sealing and isolating, and can ensure that electromagnetic waves can smoothly pass through the energy transmission and signal transmission.
The coaxial energy transmission window on the helix traveling wave tube is connected with a radio frequency coaxial cable to realize the connection with an external circuit, but in order to realize vacuum sealing, the inner conductor of the coaxial energy transmission window must be a solid needle, which is consistent with the inner conductor of a standard male radio frequency connector, if the outer conductor interface of the coaxial energy transmission window is designed into a rotatable nut according to the standard male connector, because the coaxial energy transmission window is close to the high frequency band of the traveling wave tube, in order to realize the miniaturization and the reduction of the transverse dimension of the traveling wave tube, the operation space left for screwing the nut is limited, which can cause the inconvenience of bolt connection with the outer conductor of the standard female radio frequency connector, therefore, the outer conductor of the coaxial energy transmission window is designed into a fixed bolt interface, but in this way, the inner conductor of the coaxial energy transmission window is a needle, the outer conductor is a bolt, and the coaxial energy transmission window is connected with the standard male connector (the inner conductor is a needle, the outer conductor is a nut) and the standard female connector (the inner conductor is a hole, the outer conductor is a bolt) cannot be directly connected.
In order to solve the problem of connection between a coaxial energy transmission window and a standard radio frequency connector, in the prior art, an inner adapter and an outer adapter are additionally arranged on the coaxial energy transmission window, and the coaxial energy transmission window is switched into an inner conductor interface and an outer conductor interface of a standard female connector so as to realize connection with an inner conductor and an outer conductor of a standard male connector.
One end of the outer adapter is a nut which can be matched and connected with a bolt of the outer conductor of the coaxial energy transmission window, the other end of the outer adapter is a bolt which can be matched and connected with a nut of the outer conductor of the standard male connector, and after the outer adapter is added to the coaxial energy transmission window, the outer conductor of the standard male connector can be connected.
The inner adapter is a long and thin nickel tube with the same size as the inner conductor of the standard female connector, one end of the nickel tube is welded on the inner conductor (window needle) of the coaxial energy transmission window, and the other end of the nickel tube is inserted into the central through hole of the outer adapter and then is spliced with the inner conductor of the standard male connector. After the coaxial energy transmission window is provided with the inner adaptor and the outer adaptor, the coaxial energy transmission window can be connected with the inner conductor and the outer conductor of a standard male connector, but the design increases the overall height of the coaxial energy transmission coupler, and is not beneficial to miniaturization of a traveling wave tube. And because the inner adapter nickel tube is a whole round tube without elasticity, repeated splicing easily causes the looseness and even the spalling of the interface of the conductor in the slender nickel tube, which can cause the virtual connection condition with the standard male connector, influence the radio frequency signal input traveling wave tube and cause the instability of the test index. Moreover, one end of the inner adapter nickel tube is brazed on an inner conductor (window needle) of the coaxial energy transmission window of the traveling wave tube at a high temperature of 800 ℃, so that the inner adapter nickel tube cannot be detached and replaced, the effective use of the traveling wave tube is directly influenced, and the traveling wave tube is even scrapped.
In order to ensure flexible and reliable connection of the coaxial energy transmission window and reduce the size of the coaxial energy transmission window, fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the coaxial energy transmission structure for the traveling wave tube, the coaxial energy transmission structure comprises a coaxial energy transmission window 10, a metal tube 20 and an inner conductor outer ring 30, the coaxial energy transmission window 10 comprises an inner conductor 101, an outer conductor 102 and a supporting medium 103, the metal tube 20 is detachably inserted into the end of the inner conductor 101, the inner conductor outer ring 30 is sleeved on the inner side surface of the outer conductor 102, and a gap is formed between the metal tube 20 and the inner conductor outer ring 30.
The outer side surface of the outer conductor 102 is provided with external threads, the outer diameter of the outer conductor 102 and the inner diameter of the metal pipe 20 correspond to the standard male radio-frequency coaxial connector respectively, the outer conductor 102 can be connected with an outer conductor nut of the standard male radio-frequency coaxial connector, meanwhile, an inner conductor of the standard male radio-frequency coaxial connector can be connected with the metal pipe 20 in an inserting mode, and the coaxial energy transmission window structure is connected with the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the standard male radio-frequency coaxial connector.
Compared with the structure that the coaxial energy transmission window with the conventional structure is connected with the external adapter to be matched and connected with the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the standard male connector, the size of the coaxial energy transmission window is reduced. Meanwhile, compared with the mode that the metal tube 20 of the conventional structure is directly brazed on the inner conductor 101 at high temperature, the metal tube 20 and the inner conductor outer ring 30 are detachable moving parts which are assembled in a tight fit mode through the size, the metal tube 20 can be directly replaced and renewed after being inserted and aged for many times, and the metal tube 20 can be installed on the inner conductor 101 in a matching mode during connection, so that the effective use of the traveling wave tube is not influenced. The condition that the metal tube 20 is inserted and aged for multiple times in the conventional structure to influence the effective use of the traveling wave tube and even to be scrapped is avoided.
Further, the outer conductor 102 is substantially cylindrical, the bottom surface of the inner conductor outer ring 30 abuts against the bottom surface of the outer conductor 102, the outer side surface of the inner conductor outer ring 30 abuts against the inner side surface of the outer conductor 102, and preferably, the inner conductor outer ring 30 and the outer conductor 102 are in interference fit. The metal tube 20 and the inner conductor 101 are also in interference fit, so that the metal tube 20 and the inner conductor outer ring 30 are prevented from falling off from the coaxial energy transmission window 10, and the connection reliability is improved. In the present embodiment, the metal pipe 20 is a nickel pipe or a nickel alloy pipe, and oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal pipe 20 can be improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the outer conductor 102 in this embodiment includes an upper structure 1021 and a lower structure 1022, the upper structure 1021 and the lower structure 1022 are substantially cylindrical, and the axes of the upper structure 1021 and the lower structure 1022 are coincident.
The bottom surface of the upper structure 1021 is fixedly connected with the top surface of the lower structure 1022, a receiving space 104 is formed at the joint of the two, the supporting medium 103 is positioned in the receiving space 104 and is fixedly connected with the outer conductor 102, and the top end of the inner conductor 101 passes through the lower structure 1022 and the supporting medium 103 and is positioned in the upper structure 1021.
An annular boss 105 is formed on the inner surface of the upper structure 1021, and the bottom surface of the inner conductor outer ring 30 abuts against the boss 105. The outer side of the superstructure 1021 is provided with external threads 106, the external threads 106 being for screwing with a standard male radio frequency connector. The cross-section of the lower structure 1022 is configured as a T-shape to facilitate connection with a traveling wave tube.
As shown in fig. 3, the coaxial power transmission window structure of the present invention is schematically connected with a standard male rf connector, wherein the standard male rf connector comprises a male outer conductor 41, a male inner conductor 42 and a nut 43, and an rf cable 50 is connected with the standard male rf connector. The male connector inner conductor 42 is needle-shaped, is inserted into one end of the metal tube 20 and is connected with the inner conductor 101, the nut 43 is screwed with the outer side of the outer conductor 102, and the end part of the male connector outer conductor 42 is abutted against the inner conductor outer ring 30, so that the connection between the coaxial energy transmission window structure and the standard male connector radio frequency connector is realized.
The coaxial energy transmission window structure is the same as the conventional coaxial coupler in use method, namely the coaxial energy transmission window 10 is welded at the end of a helix of a slow wave structure, and the bottom of a window needle, namely the bottom of an inner conductor 101 is well welded with the helix in an overlapping manner; after the metal tube 20 and the inner conductor outer ring 30 are installed, a standard male rf connector is screwed onto the coaxial power transmission window 10 to connect to an external system. The coaxial energy transmission window structure is small in size and high in reliability, and can be used for various spiral line traveling wave tubes which have volume miniaturization requirements and try to reduce the transverse size by shortening the height of the coaxial coupler. Meanwhile, the metal tube 20 and the inner conductor outer ring 30 are detachable, so that the condition that the effective use and even the scrapping of the traveling wave tube are influenced after the inner adapter is inserted and aged for multiple times is avoided.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a traveling wave tube with the coaxial energy transmission window structure, and the traveling wave tube has the characteristic of miniaturization. After the traveling wave tube with the coaxial energy transmission window structure is tested, the voltage standing wave ratio of the structure reaches below 1.2 in a frequency band of 37 GHz-42 GHz, and a good impedance matching level is achieved.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coaxial energy delivery structure for a traveling wave tube, comprising:
the coaxial energy transmission window comprises a needle-shaped inner conductor, an outer conductor with external threads and a supporting medium which is arranged in the outer conductor and used for fixing the inner conductor;
the metal pipe is detachably inserted into the end part of the inner conductor; and
the inner conductor outer ring is sleeved on the inner side of the outer conductor, and a gap is formed between the metal pipe and the inner conductor;
wherein the outer diameter of the outer conductor and the inner diameter of the metal tube respectively correspond to a standard male radio frequency coaxial connector.
2. The coaxial energy transmission structure of claim 1, wherein the outer conductor is configured in a cylindrical shape, and a bottom surface of the outer ring of the inner conductor abuts against a bottom surface of the outer conductor.
3. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 2, wherein the inner conductor outer ring and the outer conductor are in an interference fit.
4. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 1, wherein the metal tube is in an interference fit with the inner conductor.
5. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 4, wherein the metal tube is nickel.
6. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 1, wherein the outer conductor comprises coaxially disposed upper and lower portions, the end of the inner conductor and an inner conductor outer ring being located within the upper portion.
7. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 6, wherein a receiving space for receiving the support medium is formed at a junction of the upper portion and the lower portion.
8. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 6, wherein an annular boss is provided in the upper portion, the inner conductor outer ring abutting against the boss.
9. The coaxial energy delivery structure of claim 6, wherein the lower portion is T-shaped in cross-section.
10. A traveling wave tube comprising the coaxial energy delivery structure of any of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110809254.8A CN113539767A (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2021-07-16 | Coaxial energy transmission structure for traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110809254.8A CN113539767A (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2021-07-16 | Coaxial energy transmission structure for traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube |
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| CN113539767A true CN113539767A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114147357A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output window for traveling wave tube and preparation method thereof |
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| DE2907808A1 (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-09-04 | Siemens Ag | VACUUM DENSITY, HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSFERABLE WINDOW ARRANGEMENT IN A COAXIAL PIPE, ESPECIALLY FOR WALKER PIPES |
| JPS62272424A (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1987-11-26 | Toshiba Corp | Structure of output portion for microwave electron tube |
| CN201877396U (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-06-22 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | K-waveband coaxial transmission structure |
| CN202134500U (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-01 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Positioning device used for energy coupling waveguide of broadband millimeter wave traveling wave tube |
-
2021
- 2021-07-16 CN CN202110809254.8A patent/CN113539767A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2907808A1 (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-09-04 | Siemens Ag | VACUUM DENSITY, HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSFERABLE WINDOW ARRANGEMENT IN A COAXIAL PIPE, ESPECIALLY FOR WALKER PIPES |
| US4297662A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1981-10-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-tight-high-frequency permeable window arrangement in a coaxial line, particularly for traveling wave tubes |
| JPS62272424A (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1987-11-26 | Toshiba Corp | Structure of output portion for microwave electron tube |
| CN201877396U (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-06-22 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | K-waveband coaxial transmission structure |
| CN202134500U (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-01 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Positioning device used for energy coupling waveguide of broadband millimeter wave traveling wave tube |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114147357A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output window for traveling wave tube and preparation method thereof |
| CN114147357B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-12-01 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Output window for traveling wave tube and preparation method thereof |
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