CN113539392B - FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell preparation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a structural color microsphere shell based on FDTD, which comprises the following steps: step 1, designing a structure of a structural color microsphere shell to comprise an inner phase, a shell layer covering the inner phase and an outer phase positioned outside the shell layer, setting refractive indexes of all components, constructing a microsphere shell model according to the structure of the structural color microsphere shell based on an FDTD algorithm, simulating to obtain a reflection spectrum of the structural color microsphere shell by changing structural parameters of the microsphere shell model, establishing a relation between the structural parameters and structural colors, and determining corresponding structural parameters according to the structural colors required to be generated by the structural color microsphere shell; step 2, introducing a multi-phase fluid into the capillary microfluidic chip, and adjusting the flow rate of the external phase solution, the flow rate of the shell material solution and the air pressure of the internal phase gas according to the structural parameters to prepare a liquid layer microsphere shell; and 3, solidifying the liquid layer microsphere shell by adopting a corresponding solidification mode according to different shell material solutions to obtain the structural color microsphere shell which is separated from the liquid environment and exists stably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of structural color materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a structural color microsphere shell based on FDTD.
Background
Human perception of colorful colors is due to the specific stimulus response of optic nerve cells of the human eye to different frequencies of light (350-. The spectral distribution that gives a human a color perception results from the interaction between the medium and the light. It can be classified into coloring and structural coloring according to the difference in color generation mechanism (rep. prog.phys.2008,71,076041.). The coloring of pigments results from the absorption of light of a particular wavelength by an object. While structural color formation results from some basic physical optical processes such as reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, scattering, etc. (rscadv.2013,3,14865.). Structured colour objects are capable of modulating the distribution of light over space and therefore structured colour materials typically have an iridescent effect, i.e. the colour changes significantly with changing viewing angle.
Compared with the chemical coloring method commonly used in the manufacturing industry, the structural color forming material has the characteristics of high saturation, high brightness, adjustable color, long-time color development, green and environment-friendly preparation process and the like, and has great application prospect in the fields of display, sensing and the like. Structural color materials with iridescent effects are also commonly used in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, information preservation, and the like. Common color forming structures such as thin film interference, diffraction gratings, photonic crystals and the like are fully researched and developed to the preparation of multifunctional materials such as uniform color developing thin films and colloidal inks (adv. opt. mater.2020,8,2000234.). In order to obtain more broad spectrum light regulation and control modes, researchers still seek new micro-nano structures to obtain structural color phenomena with different spatial distributions, and FDTD is favored by the researchers as a technical means for efficiently predicting structural colors.
FDTD is a numerical calculation method (comput. phys. commun.2010,181,687.) for converting maxwell's system of equations into differential equations by grid division, and can quickly calculate the scattering characteristics of a target structure in a wide frequency band through the transient response of the target structure to an incident pulsed plane wave. Therefore, FDTD is often used for the study of the reflection characteristics of structural color materials (phys. rev.e 2009,80, 051924.).
Microfluidic technology is an emerging technology for precise control of fluid flow at the micron scale. The method has the characteristics of high precision, easiness in regulation and control, low cost and the like, and is often used for preparing structural color materials. The microstructures prepared by this method are well monodisperse. The consistency of the structural color units is controlled from the micron-scale dimension, so that the purity of the structural color material can be further improved, and the overall advantages of the material are improved.
In the prior art, the analysis of the structural color is complex, the reflection spectrum of the structural color material cannot be rapidly analyzed, the process for preparing the structural color material is complex, the controllability is low, and the FDTD algorithm is not combined with the microfluidic technology to prepare the structural light material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a method for preparing a structural color microsphere shell based on FDTD.
The invention provides a preparation method of a structural color microsphere shell based on FDTD, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, designing a structure of a structural color microsphere shell to comprise an inner phase, a shell layer covering the inner phase and an outer phase positioned outside the shell layer, setting refractive indexes of the inner phase, the shell layer and the outer phase, constructing a microsphere shell model according to the structure of the structural color microsphere shell based on an FDTD (frequency division multiplexing) algorithm, simulating to obtain a reflection spectrum of the structural color microsphere shell by changing structural parameters of the microsphere shell model to establish the relation between the structural parameters and the structural color, and determining corresponding structural parameters according to the structural color required to be generated by the structural color microsphere shell;
in the step 2, the radius is changed by adjusting the flow rate of the external phase solution and the internal phase air pressure, and the shell thickness is changed by adjusting the flow rate of the shell material solution.
In the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the preparation method can also have the following characteristics: in the step 1, the microsphere shell model is a two-dimensional microsphere shell in a z-x plane, the radius of the structural parameters of the microsphere shell model is 26-34 μm, the shell thickness is 0.6-1.2 μm, the deviation degree is that two spherical centers of the microsphere shell model deviate by 0-x μm in the vertical direction z, and x is the shell thickness.
In the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the preparation method can also have the following characteristics: in step 1, the refractive index of the medium of the inner phase in the microsphere shell model is set to be 1, the refractive index of the shell layer is set to be 1.45, and the refractive index of the outer phase is set to be 1.34.
In the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the preparation method can also have the following characteristics: in step 1, the specific process of obtaining the reflection spectrum of the microsphere shell by simulation by changing the structural parameters of the microsphere shell model is as follows: the reflection spectrum is obtained by arranging a plane wave light source and a monitor, the plane wave light source is a wide-spectrum Gaussian pulse, the pulse length is less than 33fs, the electric field polarization direction of the plane wave light source is perpendicular to the plane of the microspherical shell model, the monitor is a point monitor and is arranged at the thickness center of an edge shell layer and used for monitoring the electric field intensity Ey at the arrangement position, the monitored wavelength range is 350-750nm, the plane wave light source sends an incident pulse and passes through the microspherical shell model, a received pulse transmitted through the shell layer is monitored through the monitor, and the ratio of the incident pulse spectrum to the received pulse spectrum is used as the reflection spectrum.
In the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the preparation method can also have the following characteristics: and 3, when the shell material solution is a nano silicon dioxide colloid, solidifying the nanometer silicon dioxide colloid through solvent volatilization to correspondingly obtain a silicon dioxide microsphere shell which is separated from the liquid environment and stably exists, and when the shell material solution is a hydrogel precursor, solidifying the nanometer silicon dioxide colloid under ultraviolet illumination to correspondingly obtain a hydrogel microsphere shell which is separated from the liquid environment and stably exists.
In the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the preparation method can also have the following characteristics: wherein the structural color of the liquid layer microsphere shell changes with time until the internal phase gas is completely dissolved in the surrounding environment.
In the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the preparation method can also have the following characteristics: the structural color microsphere shell is of an asymmetric core-shell structure, the thinnest part of the shell layer thickness of the structural color microsphere shell is less than 100nm, the thickest part of the shell layer thickness of the structural color microsphere shell is more than 1 mu m, and the outer diameter of the microsphere shell of the structural color microsphere shell is 10 mu m-100 mu m.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell preparation method, because the corresponding microsphere shell model is constructed according to the structure of the structural color microsphere shell based on the FDTD algorithm to establish the relation between the structural parameters and the structural color, the FDTD algorithm has high stability, high calculation speed and small occupied memory, can efficiently obtain the electric field distribution of any position in the microsphere shell structure, and is convenient for analyzing the generation of light interference; the preparation method is simple, high in controllability and low in cost, and can be used for preparing structural color microsphere shells with various functions in an expanded way. In addition, the microsphere shell of the structural color prepared by the invention is of an asymmetric core-shell structure, has a novel color forming structure, has low requirements on the types and physical and chemical properties of the composition materials, can increase the reflectivity of incident light and improve the brightness of the structural color, can modulate the spatial distribution of light through the structure, and has important application prospects in various fields such as micro-nano photonic devices, structural color anti-counterfeiting and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a microsphere shell model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an FDTD model of a microsphere shell model in an example of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a reflectance spectrum corresponding to a microsphere shell model of radius 30 μm, shell thickness 0.9 μm, and degree of deviation 0.8 μm according to an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparative graph of the optical mirror of the liquid layer microsphere shell corresponding to the flow rates of the shell material solution of 1300 μ L/h and 1500 μ L/h in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a light mirror image of a hydrogel microsphere shell in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of a hydrogel microsphere shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a light mirror image of a silica microsphere shell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an electron micrograph of a silica microsphere shell according to an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
< example >
The preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell of the embodiment includes the following steps:
The inner phase, the shell layer and the outer phase are respectively prepared from an inner phase gas, a shell layer material solution and an outer phase solution,
the inner phase gas is high-purity nitrogen, the outer phase solution is polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, and the shell material solution is hydrogel precursor or nano silicon dioxide colloid.
In the step 1, the microsphere shell model is a two-dimensional microsphere shell in a z-x plane,
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a microsphere shell model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the microsphere shell model comprises a shell layer 1 covering an inner phase, an inner phase 2, and an outer phase 3 positioned outside the shell layer.
In this example, a microsphere shell model was constructed using software MEEP based on the FDTD algorithm.
The structural parameters comprise the radius of the microsphere shell, the thickness of the shell layer and the deviation degree,
in the structural parameters of the microsphere shell model, the radius is 26-34 μm, the shell thickness is 0.6-1.2 μm, the deviation degree is that the two spherical centers of the microsphere shell model have the deviation of 0-x μm in the vertical direction z, and x is the shell thickness.
The refractive index of the medium of the inner phase in the microsphere shell model is set to be 1, the refractive index of the shell layer is set to be 1.45, and the refractive index of the outer phase is set to be 1.34.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an FDTD model of a microsphere shell model in an example of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, in step 1, the specific process of obtaining the reflection spectrum of the microsphere shell through simulation by changing the structural parameters of the microsphere shell model is as follows:
the reflection spectrum is obtained by arranging the plane wave light source 4 and the monitor 5,
the plane wave light source 4 is a wide-spectrum Gaussian pulse, the pulse length is less than 33fs, the electric field polarization direction of the plane wave light source 4 is vertical to the plane of the microsphere shell model,
the monitor 5 is a point monitor, is arranged at the thickness center of the edge shell layer and is used for monitoring the electric field intensity Ey at the arranged position, the monitored wavelength range is 350nm-750nm,
the plane wave light source 4 is started, the plane wave light source 4 emits an incident pulse, the incident pulse passes through the microsphere shell model, and the monitor 5 monitors and observes a received pulse transmitted by the shell layer within the observation time. Since the incident pulse of the sidewall in the structure will propagate through the shell layer and be reflected back from the sidewall at the symmetrical end, the incident pulse spectrum and the received pulse spectrum are directly regarded as the reflection spectrum of the whole microsphere shell model.
In this example, the reflectance spectrum of the microsphere shell model with a radius of 30 μm, a shell thickness of 0.9 μm, and a deviation degree of 0.8 μm was also tested, and fig. 3 is the reflectance spectrum corresponding to the microsphere shell model with a radius of 30 μm, a shell thickness of 0.9 μm, and a deviation degree of 0.8 μm in the example of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, when the radius of the microsphere shell model is 30 μm, the shell thickness is 0.9 μm, and the deviation degree is 0.8 μm, it can be clearly seen that there are reflection spectrum peaks at 370nm and 580nm, which indicates that light waves with corresponding wavelengths constructively interfere in the structure, and can generate corresponding structural colors.
And 2, introducing a multi-phase fluid into the capillary microfluidic chip, and correspondingly adjusting the flow rate of the external phase solution, the flow rate of the shell material solution and the air pressure of the internal phase gas according to the structural parameters to prepare the liquid-layer microsphere shell.
In this embodiment, a capillary tube with a certain caliber is prepared by using a capillary tube pull needle, and then the capillary tube is provided with hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity by combining with specific surface chemical modification, and the confocal-flow focusing microfluidic chip is prepared by aligning the capillary tube through a square tube. Based on the prepared capillary microfluidic chip, the flow rate and the gas pressure of liquid flowing into the channel are controlled by using a microfluidic pump and a pressure regulator, and the liquid-layer microsphere shell with uniform size can be prepared under proper flow rate and pressure.
In this embodiment, the specific process of introducing the multiphase fluid into the capillary microfluidic chip to obtain the liquid-layer microsphere shell is as follows:
step 2-1, preparing the capillary microfluidic chip by using a capillary needle drawing method and surface chemical modification, and controlling the pipe diameters of two pipes to be about 10 micrometers and 150 micrometers and the distance between the two pipes to be about 150 micrometers.
Step 2-2, preparing a shell material solution and an external phase solution,
and 2-3, introducing the shell material solution and the external phase solution into the capillary microfluidic chip in different directions, controlling the flow rate of the external phase solution at 40000-52 mu L/h, the flow rate of the shell material solution at 1000-2000 mu L/h, and the air pressure of the internal phase gas at 10-20psi, so as to prepare a large batch of monodisperse liquid layer microsphere shells, covering a cover glass layer on the surfaces of the liquid layer microsphere shells to ensure that the liquid level is flat and prevent the spherical shells from cracking, so as to obtain the liquid layer microsphere shells with the same color distribution.
And 2-4, changing the radius by adjusting the flow rate of the external phase solution and the internal phase air pressure, and changing the thickness of the shell layer by adjusting the flow rate of the shell layer material solution.
In this embodiment, different liquid layer microsphere shells are obtained by adjusting the flow rates of the shell material solutions to 1300 μ L/h and 1500 μ L/h, and the structural colors are compared, and fig. 4 is a photo-mirror comparison diagram of the liquid layer microsphere shells corresponding to the flow rates of the shell material solutions of 1300 μ L/h and 1500 μ L/h in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the microsphere shells of the liquid layer obtained by changing the flow rate of the shell material solution have different structural colors.
The structural color of the liquid layer microsphere shell changes over time until the internal phase gas is completely dissolved in the surrounding environment.
And 3, curing the liquid layer microsphere shell in a curing mode corresponding to the shell material solution according to different shell material solutions to obtain the structural color microsphere shell which is separated from the stable existence of the liquid environment.
When the shell material solution is a hydrogel precursor, curing is performed under ultraviolet illumination, and a structural color microsphere shell which is stable in existence and separated from a liquid environment is obtained correspondingly, in the embodiment, the specific process is as follows:
using a hydrogel precursor as a shell material solution, preparing a hydrogel precursor microsphere shell according to step 2, covering a cover glass on the surface of a sample, irradiating the sample for 2-3min by using ultraviolet light to obtain a cured hydrogel microsphere shell, wherein FIG. 5 is a photoscope of the hydrogel microsphere shell in the embodiment of the invention,
as shown in fig. 5, the hydrogel microsphere shell after curing still has structural color.
Then the solidified structural color microsphere shell is washed and dried by deionized water, the microsphere shell is observed by SEM, figure 6 is the electron microscope image of the hydrogel microsphere shell in the embodiment of the invention,
as shown in FIG. 6, it is known that the diameter is 25 μm, the shell thickness of the microsphere shell is not uniform, the thinnest part is less than 100nm, and the shell thickness is more than 1 μm at some positions.
In step 3, when the shell material solution is a nano silica colloid, the solvent is volatilized to solidify, and a silica microsphere shell which is stably present in a liquid environment is correspondingly obtained, in the embodiment, the specific process is as follows:
using nano silica colloid as shell material solution, preparing silica colloid microsphere shell according to step 2, placing the sample in a ventilation environment for more than 8 hours, preparing silica microsphere shell when the solvent of the colloid is completely volatilized, washing and drying the microsphere shell with deionized water, obtaining the silica microsphere shell which is stably existed in a separated liquid environment, wherein FIG. 7 is a photoscope diagram of the silica microsphere shell in the embodiment of the invention,
as shown in fig. 7, the cured silica microsphere shell still has a structural color phenomenon.
Then, the silica microsphere shell was observed by SEM, and fig. 8 is an electron microscope image of the silica microsphere shell in the example of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 8, the silica microsphere shell diameter was around 30 μm.
The structural color microsphere shell prepared by the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell preparation method of the embodiment has an asymmetric core-shell structure,
the thinnest part of the shell layer thickness of the structural color microsphere shell is less than 100nm, the thickest part is more than 1 mu m, and the outer diameter of the microsphere shell of the structural color microsphere shell is 10 mu m-100 mu m.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the preparation method of the FDTD-based structural color microsphere shell, the FDTD algorithm is used for constructing the corresponding microsphere shell model according to the structure of the structural color microsphere shell to establish the relation between the structural parameters and the structural color, so that the FDTD algorithm has high stability, high calculation speed and small occupied memory, electric field distribution at any position in the microsphere shell structure can be efficiently obtained, and the generation of light interference can be conveniently analyzed; the preparation method is simple, high in controllability and low in cost, and can be used for preparing the structural color microsphere shells with different functions in an expanded mode. In addition, the structural color microsphere shell prepared by the embodiment is an aspheric symmetrical core-shell structure, has a novel color forming structure, has low requirements on the types and physical and chemical properties of the materials, can increase the reflectivity of incident light, improves the brightness of structural color, can modulate the spatial distribution of light through the structure, and has important application prospects in various fields such as micro-nano photonic devices, structural color anti-counterfeiting and the like.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a structural color microsphere shell based on FDTD is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, designing a structure of a structural color microsphere shell to comprise an internal phase, a shell layer for coating the internal phase and an external phase positioned outside the shell layer, setting refractive indexes of the internal phase, the shell layer and the external phase, constructing and obtaining a microsphere shell model according to the structure of the structural color microsphere shell based on an FDTD algorithm, simulating and obtaining a reflection spectrum of the structural color microsphere shell by changing structural parameters of the microsphere shell model to establish the relation between the structural parameters and the structural color, and determining the corresponding structural parameters according to the structural color required to be generated by the structural color microsphere shell;
step 2, introducing a multi-phase fluid into the capillary microfluidic chip, and correspondingly adjusting the flow rate of the external phase solution, the flow rate of the shell material solution and the air pressure of the internal phase gas according to the structural parameters to prepare a liquid layer microsphere shell;
step 3, curing the liquid layer microsphere shell by adopting a curing mode corresponding to the shell material solution according to the difference of the shell material solution to obtain the structural color microsphere shell which stably exists in a liquid environment,
wherein the inner phase gas is high-purity nitrogen, the outer phase solution is a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, the shell material solution is a hydrogel precursor or a nano silicon dioxide colloid,
the structural parameters comprise the radius of the microsphere shell, the shell layer thickness and the deviation degree,
in the step 2, the radius is changed by adjusting the flow rate of the external phase solution and the internal phase air pressure, the thickness of the shell layer is changed by adjusting the flow rate of the shell layer material solution,
in the step 1, the microsphere shell model is a two-dimensional microsphere shell in a z-x plane,
in the structural parameters of the microsphere shell model, the radius is 26-34 μm, the shell thickness is 0.6-1.2 μm, the deviation degree is that the two sphere centers of the microsphere shell model have the deviation of 0-x μm in the vertical direction z, and x is the shell thickness,
in the step 1, the specific process of obtaining the reflection spectrum of the microsphere shell through simulation by changing the structural parameters of the microsphere shell model is as follows: the reflection spectrum is obtained by providing a plane wave light source and a monitor,
the plane wave light source is a wide-spectrum Gaussian pulse, the pulse length is less than 33fs, the electric field polarization direction of the plane wave light source is vertical to the plane of the microsphere shell model,
the monitor is a point monitor, is arranged at the thickness center of the edge shell layer and is used for monitoring the electric field intensity Ey at the arranged position, the monitored wavelength range is 350nm-750nm,
the plane wave light source emits incident pulses, the incident pulses pass through the microsphere shell model, the monitor monitors received pulses transmitted by the shell, the ratio of the incident pulse spectrum to the received pulse spectrum is used as the reflection spectrum,
in the step 3, when the shell material solution is nano-silica colloid, the solvent is volatilized to solidify, and a silica microsphere shell which is separated from the liquid environment and stably exists is correspondingly obtained,
and when the shell material solution is a hydrogel precursor, curing under ultraviolet illumination to correspondingly obtain the hydrogel microsphere shell which is stably in a liquid environment.
2. The method of making an FDTD-based structurally colored microsphere shell according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the structural color of the liquid layer microsphere shell changes over time until the inner phase gas is completely dissolved to the surrounding environment.
3. The method of making an FDTD-based structurally colored microsphere shell according to claim 1, wherein:
the structural color microsphere shell is of an asymmetric core-shell structure, the thinnest part of the shell layer thickness of the structural color microsphere shell is less than 100nm, the thickest part of the shell layer thickness of the structural color microsphere shell is more than 1 mu m, and the outer diameter of the microsphere shell of the structural color microsphere shell is 10 mu m-100 mu m.
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