CN113539046A - Device for simulating and demonstrating side effect of propeller type airplane - Google Patents
Device for simulating and demonstrating side effect of propeller type airplane Download PDFInfo
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- CN113539046A CN113539046A CN202110839746.1A CN202110839746A CN113539046A CN 113539046 A CN113539046 A CN 113539046A CN 202110839746 A CN202110839746 A CN 202110839746A CN 113539046 A CN113539046 A CN 113539046A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for simulating and demonstrating side effects of a propeller type airplane, which comprises: the airplane model with the propeller, the motor, the elevator, the rudder, the force measuring balance, the double-shaft turntable, the support, the wind speed generating device and the smoke. The demonstration device can be used for visually observing the generation and action effects of the side effects of the propeller type airplane such as propeller slip flow, reaction moment, precession, airflow oblique blowing and the like. The direction and the pitching moment of the force measuring balance are gradually zero by continuously adjusting the angles of the rudder and the elevator, and how to correct and eliminate the influence caused by the slipstream is demonstrated; displaying the reaction torque of the propeller by positively and negatively rotating the motor and measuring the balance data; the precession phenomenon and the influence of the propeller type airplane in flight are demonstrated through the intuitive movement of the airplane model on the double-shaft turntable; and demonstrating the function of oblique blowing of the airflow through the data of the colored smoke and the force measuring balance. This device combines theory and practice, obviously promotes the teaching effect. The device also has the advantages of convenient observation, good demonstration effect, low cost, simple operation, good portability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of teaching of airplane aerodynamics and flight mechanics, relates to an important means of teaching research of airplane aerodynamics and flight mechanics, namely simulation demonstration, and particularly relates to a device for simulating and demonstrating side effects of a propeller type airplane.
Background
The simulation demonstration is an important teaching means for enhancing the intuitive and perceptual knowledge of the trainees. The simulation demonstration is to realize the reality. Due to objective reasons, flight trainees can not visually describe some important phenomena occurring when the airplane actually flies in classroom teaching, the videos are watched without substitution feeling, independent experimental teaching or observation is difficult to guarantee in time and effect, and simulation demonstration can combine classroom teaching and instant teaching for some important flying phenomena, concepts and definitions. Each theoretical breakthrough in the fluid mechanics development process and the application thereof in engineering almost begin with the demonstration and observation of the flow phenomenon. For example, the reynolds transition experiment in 1880, the mach shock wave phenomenon experiment in 1888, the concept of the boundary layer proposed in prandtl in 1904, the von karman analysis on the circular vortex street of the cylinder in 1912 and the like are not based on demonstration. Propeller type aircraft have four side effects in actual flight: slipstream, reaction torque, precession, and air flow blowing at an angle. The slipstream refers to airflow which is stirred by a propeller to accelerate and twist backwards, the airflow has great influence on the actual flight of the airplane, the propellers have different turning directions and different influences on the flight, and the adverse effects caused by the slipstream of the propeller can be eliminated by needing corresponding control, for example, a certain early education machine needs to pedal a left rudder to correct the course during take-off and running due to the slipstream of the propeller. The propeller generates rotation resistance in rotation, and the moment formed by the rotation resistance on the propeller shaft is the reaction moment of the propeller, and the moment is transmitted to the airplane through the transmitter, so that the airplane inclines to the opposite direction of the rotation of the propeller. For a propeller type airplane, when the airplane rotates in a pitching manner or deflects, namely when the direction of a propeller shaft changes, a gyroscopic moment is generated due to the gyroscopic effect of a propeller, so that a nose rotates around another shaft, and the phenomenon is precession of the propeller. When the propeller type airplane flies, the flying speed direction is not parallel to the propeller shaft direction, namely, the air flow blows to the propeller obliquely, the phenomenon is called as air flow oblique blowing, and under the condition of air flow oblique blowing, the propeller can generate a pulling force moment and a side force moment to influence the flight to a certain extent. Flight trainees lack actual flight training during school, and the knowledge of many flight phenomena mainly stays in a theoretical level, although the subsequent flight training is set, the culture time is increased invisibly. In the traditional classroom teaching, the students see or hear video animation or theoretical explanation, and the students can hardly visually know and perceive various side effects of the propeller. On-site teaching is limited in time and poor in theoretical effect.
Therefore, how to design a device which is simple, feasible, convenient and easy to use, has intuitive demonstration effect and good demonstration method and is used for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of the propeller is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of a propeller type airplane, which is not only suitable for classroom demonstration teaching, but also has practical values for reference and reference of science popularization teaching and the like.
In order to solve the contradiction and problem existing in the traditional classroom teaching and on-site teaching, better for war foretell, shorten talent's culture time, the invention has proposed a device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of propeller type plane, the apparatus includes: the airplane model with the propeller comprises an airplane model, a motor, an elevator, a rudder, a force measuring balance, a double-shaft turntable, a support, a wind speed generating device and smoke, wherein the motor is fixed in the airplane model, the elevator is connected with a horizontal stabilizing surface of the airplane model, the rudder is connected with a vertical stabilizing surface of the airplane model, the angles of the elevator and the rudder after installation are adjustable, the force measuring balance is connected with the airplane model and the double-shaft turntable, the force measuring balance can measure acting force applied to the airplane model and moment of the airplane model, the double-shaft turntable is connected with the support, the double-shaft turntable is provided with a locking device, the wind speed generating device is arranged in front of the propeller, and colored smoke is arranged between the wind speed generating device and the propeller. Through the device, the generation and the effect of side effects such as slipstream, reaction moment, precession, airflow inclined blowing and the like of the propeller type airplane during actual flight can be simulated and demonstrated, and the device is combined with corresponding theoretical explanation, so that a student can deeply know the principle of the propeller side effect, and a good foundation is laid for subsequent flight.
Preferably, the motor is speed adjustable. The motor rotating speed is adjustable, so that the device is closer to actual flight during simulation and demonstration, the turning direction is adjustable, actual flight of different turning direction types can be demonstrated through one set of device, and students can also deeply understand the generation and action principle of various side effects of the propeller type airplane through turning direction comparison. Adopt small-size or micro-motor, on the one hand can effectively reduce cost, in addition still consider the portability when using as the teaching aid.
Preferably, the aircraft body is hollow. The aircraft model is hollow, and not only can the dismouting motor swiftly, can alleviate model weight moreover, portable also is convenient for realize the modularization equipment.
Preferably, the motor is arranged in the airplane model, so that the appearance of the assembled whole model accords with an actual propeller type airplane, the interference of the motor to the airflow can be eliminated, and the demonstration effect can accord with actual flight more.
Preferably, the rudder angle is adjustable. The propeller slip flow can influence the pitching balance of the airplane, and by adjusting the angle of the elevator, the method can demonstrate how to eliminate the influence of the propeller slip flow on the pitching balance in the process of adjusting the angle of the elevator, and can explain the corresponding operation of the push rod and the pull rod by combining the rudder deflection angle, thereby laying a foundation for subsequent actual flight and operation.
Preferably, the rudder angle is adjustable. The propeller slipstream mainly influences the directional balance of the airplane, and by adjusting the rudder angle, the influence of the propeller slipstream on the directional balance can be demonstrated and eliminated in the process of adjusting the rudder angle, and the left-hand pedaling operation and the right-hand pedaling operation can be taught by combining the rudder deflection angle, so that the foundation is laid for better and faster subsequent flight entering.
Preferably, the force balance is a device for measuring force and moment, the airplane can not only have various aerodynamic forces but also have moment under the action of the aerodynamic forces when flying, the aerodynamic forces generated by the side effect of the propeller can generate moment when acting on the airplane model, for example, slip flow can generate pitching and directional moment, the reaction moment generates the effect of rolling the airplane, the moment just influences the balance of the airplane, the principle of the generation of various side effects is displayed through the data of the force balance and the intuitive model motion, and the knowledge understanding and the application of a student are deepened.
Preferably, the two-axis turntable is provided with a locking device. The double-shaft turntable is provided with certain damping, so that the airplane model and the force measuring balance are prevented from rotating after being installed, but after the motor and the wind speed generating device are started, the locking device of the double-shaft turntable mainly ensures the platform stability during demonstration of phenomena of slipstream, airflow inclined blowing and reaction torque, and the result is more scientific and reasonable.
Preferably, the wind speed generating device is a speed-adjustable wind speed generating device. The wind speed generating device is specifically a small miniature axial flow fan or a small miniature centrifugal fan, and the small miniature axial flow fan or the small miniature centrifugal fan is adopted, so that on one hand, the cost can be effectively reduced, and in addition, the portability when the wind speed generating device is used as a teaching aid is also considered. Of course, an air speed generator such as an electric fan may be used.
Preferably, the smoke is coloured. The slipstream and the air current oblique blowing generated when the propeller type airplane actually flies can lead the airplane to be subjected to corresponding acting force, which can be seen on a force measuring balance, and the colored smoke applied in the incoming flow can help students to have more intuitive understanding on the twisted and oblique air current.
According to the device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of the propeller type airplane, the moment data of the force measuring balance is combined with the flow of colored smoke, so that a student can understand the reason of the side effect of propeller slipstream in actual flight, and the slipstream influence is gradually corrected and eliminated through the angle adjustment of the elevator and the rudder, so that the student can deeply understand the coordinated operation of the rod rudder in actual flight. The generation and the influence of the reaction moment of the propeller are displayed by positively and negatively rotating the motor and measuring force balance data, so that a student can understand the designs such as a tail rotor wing or gravity center offset and the like adopted in the design of the airplane more deeply. The precession phenomenon and the influence of the propeller type airplane in flying are demonstrated through the intuitive movement of the airplane model on the double-shaft turntable during pitching or yawing. And demonstrating the effect and influence of the oblique blowing of the airflow through the data of the colored smoke and the force measuring balance. This device combines theory and practice, obviously promotes the teaching effect. The device can well simulate and demonstrate the generation and the effect of the side effects of the propellers such as slipstream, reaction moment, precession, oblique blowing of airflow and the like, has the characteristics of convenient observation, good demonstration effect, low cost, simple operation, good portability and the like, and can well meet the teaching requirement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of a device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of a propeller type airplane.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A device for simulating and demonstrating the side effects of a propeller type airplane, as shown in fig. 1, specifically comprising: the airplane model comprises an airplane model 2 provided with a propeller 1, a motor 3, an elevator 4, a rudder 5, a force measuring balance 6, a double-shaft turntable 7, a support 8, a wind speed generating device 9 and smoke 10, wherein the propeller 1 is connected with the motor 3, the motor 3 is fixed in the airplane model 2, the elevator 4 is connected with a horizontal stabilizing plane of the airplane model 2, the rudder 5 is connected with a vertical stabilizing plane of the airplane model 2, the force measuring balance 6 is connected with the airplane model 2 and the double-shaft turntable 7, the double-shaft turntable 7 is connected with the support 8, the wind speed generating device 9 is arranged in front of the propeller 1, and the smoke 10 is arranged between the wind speed generating device 9 and the propeller 1. The wind speed generating device 9 adopts a small centrifugal fan.
During simulation demonstration, the double-shaft rotary table is locked and fixed, and the angles of the elevator and the rudder are fixed to enable the elevator and the rudder to be located on the same plane with the horizontal stabilizing plane and the vertical stabilizing plane respectively. The wind speed generating device is placed in the front of the propeller, so that the axis of an outlet of the wind speed generating device is collinear with the central line of a rotating shaft of the motor, the wind speed of the outlet of the wind speed generating device, the rotating speed of the motor and the rotating direction of the motor are continuously adjusted to simulate the increase and decrease of an accelerator and the downward rotation of different propellers during actual flight, the influence and the performance of the slipstream of the propellers are released right in front of the propellers, the visual phenomenon of the slipstream is observed, and meanwhile, the relevant data of the force measuring balance, especially the change of the direction moment and the pitching moment, are observed, so that the principle generated by the slipstream and the influence on the flight are better understood. And then continuously adjusting the elevator and the rudder to gradually make the pitching moment and the directional moment of the force-measuring balance zero, demonstrating how to eliminate the adverse effect of slipstream on the flight in the actual flight, and deepening the understanding and cognition of the trainee on the flight by combining theoretical explanation.
Example 2
The structure of the device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of the propeller type airplane in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the main difference is that: (1) the angle of the elevator 4 is fixed in the whole simulation demonstration process; (2) the angle of the rudder 5 is fixed in the whole simulation demonstration process; (3) smoke 10 is not released in the simulation demonstration process; (4) the wind speed generating device 8 adopts a miniature axial flow fan, so that the size of the fan can be further reduced, and the maximum wind speed of the fan can be improved.
During simulation demonstration, the outlet center line of the wind speed generating device and the center line of the propeller rotating shaft are collinear, the outlet wind speed and the rotating speed of the motor are continuously adjusted, the change of the moment of the force measuring balance around the longitudinal axis of the aircraft body, namely the rolling moment, is observed, and by combining the modes of gravity center offset, additional installation of a rotor wing at the tail part and the like adopted during actual aircraft design, a student can clearly understand the reaction moment of the propeller type aircraft during actual flight.
Example 3
The structure of the device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of the propeller type airplane in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the main difference is that: (1) the angle of the elevator 4 needs to be adjusted in time in the simulation demonstration process; (2) the angle of the rudder 5 needs to be adjusted in time in the simulation demonstration process; (3) the locking device of the double-shaft turntable 7 is opened; (4) the airplane model 2 needs to be controlled in pitching and yawing in the whole simulation demonstration process.
During simulation and demonstration, the center line of the outlet of the wind speed generating device is collinear with the center line of the rotating shaft of the propeller, the double-shaft rotating platform has certain damping, and the airplane model cannot automatically rotate around a certain shaft. However, after the wind speed generating device and the motor are started, pitching and direction (yaw) moments can occur due to the influence of the slip flow, and in order to ensure the accuracy of simulation demonstration, the elevator and the rudder are adjusted before pitching and yaw operation is carried out on the airplane model, so that the interference moment generated by the slip flow is eliminated. When the airplane model is subjected to pitching operation, the movement of the model around the vertical shaft of the airplane is noticed, the change of the moment in the direction of the force measuring balance is observed at the same time, and when the yawing operation is carried out, the movement of the flying model around the horizontal shaft and the change of the pitching moment are noticed. The trainees can deeply understand and recognize the precession of the propeller type airplane through the data of the force measuring balance and the visual motion of the model, and a good foundation is laid for future flight.
Example 4
The structure of the device for simulating and demonstrating the side effect of the propeller type airplane in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 3, and the main difference is that: (1) locking the double-shaft turntable 7; (2) the airplane model 2 does not need to be subjected to pitching and yawing control in the whole simulation demonstration process; (3) the wind speed generating device 9 is not parallel and collinear with the central line of the rotating shaft of the propeller 1; (4) the simulated demonstration requires release of smoke 10.
During simulation demonstration, the outlet center line of the wind speed generating device and the center line of the propeller rotating shaft are collinear, pitching and directional moments can occur due to the influence of slip flow after the wind speed generating device and the motor are started, and in order to ensure the accuracy of simulation demonstration, the angles of the elevator and the rudder are adjusted before the wind speed generating device and the center line of the propeller rotating shaft are adjusted to be non-parallel and collinear, so that the interference moment generated by the slip flow is eliminated. And then moving the position of the wind speed generating device to enable the wind speed generating device to be not parallel to the central line of the rotating shaft of the propeller, releasing smoke, observing the pitching and directional moment changes of the force measuring balance, and simulating the generation and influence of the oblique blowing of the propeller airflow.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof can be replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft, comprising: aircraft model (2), motor (3), elevator (4), rudder (5), dynamometry balance (6), biax revolving stage (7), support (8), wind speed generating device (9), smog (10) of screw (1) are equipped with, screw (1) is connected with motor (3), and motor (3) are fixed in aircraft model (2), elevator (4) are connected with the horizontal stability plane of aircraft model (2), and rudder (5) are connected with the perpendicular stability plane of aircraft model (2), and dynamometry balance (6) are connected with aircraft model (2), biax revolving stage (7), and biax revolving stage (7) are connected with support (8), and screw (1 the place ahead is arranged in wind speed generating device (9), and smog (10) are placed between wind speed generating device (9) and screw (1).
2. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor (3) is adjustable.
3. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuselage of the model aircraft (2) is hollow.
4. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the motor (3) is placed inside the model aircraft (2).
5. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevator (4) is angularly adjustable.
6. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the rudder (5) is angularly adjustable.
7. A device for simulating the demonstration of the side effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the load cell balance (6) is a device for measuring forces and moments.
8. Device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that said two-axis turret (7) is provided with locking means.
9. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind speed generating device (9) is an adjustable speed axial or centrifugal fan.
10. A device for simulating the demonstration of the adverse effects of a propeller-type aircraft according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the smoke (10) is coloured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110839746.1A CN113539046A (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Device for simulating and demonstrating side effect of propeller type airplane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110839746.1A CN113539046A (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Device for simulating and demonstrating side effect of propeller type airplane |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113539046A true CN113539046A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
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| CN202110839746.1A Pending CN113539046A (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Device for simulating and demonstrating side effect of propeller type airplane |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114241853A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-25 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学 | Teaching training method for reconstructing real flight states of multiple machine types |
-
2021
- 2021-07-23 CN CN202110839746.1A patent/CN113539046A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114241853A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-25 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学 | Teaching training method for reconstructing real flight states of multiple machine types |
| CN114241853B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2024-05-17 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学 | Teaching training method for reconstructing real flight states of multiple machine types |
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