CN1135388A - Suspension continuous casting method and apparatus - Google Patents
Suspension continuous casting method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1135388A CN1135388A CN 96104406 CN96104406A CN1135388A CN 1135388 A CN1135388 A CN 1135388A CN 96104406 CN96104406 CN 96104406 CN 96104406 A CN96104406 A CN 96104406A CN 1135388 A CN1135388 A CN 1135388A
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Abstract
Molten metal is poured into an enclosed liquid crystallizer with suspending agent whose melting point is less than that of the metal and is not easy to mix and react with the molten metal. The temp. of the suspending agent is controlled at lower than the solidifying point of the molten metal and higher than the melting point of the suspending agent. The molten metal is condensed and crystallized into solid, and then extruded out while the suspending agent starts to become liquid tate. Said invention can achieve high-speed continuous casting and direct extruding finished product.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of metal suspension continuous metal cast process and equipment, belongs to metal continuous cast and forming technique field.
Modern times can have two kinds for mass-produced metal forming technology: a kind of is to adopt liquid fully metal forming, as various castings; A kind of is that to adopt be solid-state metal forming fully, as forge, rolling, extruding etc.; More than two kinds of technologies generally independently carry out, from strand to becoming a useful person, complex process not only, equipment is huge, and material unaccounted-for (MUF) and energy consumption all are bigger; Casting and rolling process, in fact just by continuous casting and two fully independently workshop section's synchronous interactions of tandem rolling, but because strand and rolling unfavorable factors such as same sex difficulty have limited its development.
At present, the various continuous cast methods of metallurgical industry have been concluded, and generally are that molten metal is poured into metal crystallizer, and crystallizer is carried out water-cooled, pull out the blank that solidifies from the other end.The deficiency that this class continuous cast method exists is: (1) equipment is very huge, complicated, and cost is high; (2) casting speed is slow, is subjected to the restriction of cooling velocity, its pulling rate generally 2-3 rice/minute, to big section blank, its pulling rate is littler; (3) blank surface poor quality is as various blind cracks; When (4) pulling rate is fast, be easy to occur breaking, the bleed-out accident.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly a kind of suspension continuous casting method and the equipment that uses liquid crystallizer that provides in order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, its equipment is simple, cheap, can realize the blank high-speed continuous casting and the rheo-die-casting extrusion bar of arbitrary cross-section, stable, the reliable blank quality of operating mode is good.
Principle of the present invention is: so-called liquid crystallizer is exactly by the crystallizer shell and crystallizer shell internal ratio feed metal fusing point is low and suspending agent not miscible with its generation and reaction is formed; There are molten metal sprue gate and blank blank outlet in two ends at the crystallizer shell of a sealing, in the time of in working order, sprue gate continuous casting of metals liquation, control suspending agent temperature more than the suspending agent fusing point below solidification of molten metal point, make molten metal be condensed into solid and suspending agent is in a liquid state all the time, solid blank is extruded continuously through blank outlet from the liquid phase suspending agent; That is to say, constitute the continuous two-phase interface that is dynamic equilibrium from the sprue gate to blank outlet suspending agent and molten metal and base shell thereof and form a die cavity that is occupied by molten metal; Because liquid suspending agent is incompressible, thereby in the constancy of volume of crystallizer shell inner suspension agent of sealing, thereby the mold cavity volume that is occupied by molten metal in the suspending agent is also constant, as long as the cast of molten metal is continuous, this die cavity is exactly stable, can't produce distortion because of the ambiguity of liquid suspending agent, this point is all confirmed by mechanical analysis and practice; In addition, after molten metal enters the low temperature suspending agent, form one at once on the surface and solidify shell and progressive additive subsequently, this shell is enough to resist because the destruction of the out-of-balance force that the kinetic turbulent flow of conduction of suspending agent heat and blank produces.
The general employing of continuous casting installation for casting is horizontally disposed, so that device height is reduced, at this moment the proportion of suspending agent should be close with the proportion of molten metal, to reduce the destruction of suspending agent buoyancy to the base type of the molten metal of the ot-yet-hardened of first cast; Also can adopt vertical structure, vertical structure is and is arranged vertically, can be with the top teeming process and the method for making a bet, and the proportion of the suspending agent that top teeming process uses should be less than molten metal, on the contrary the rule of making a bet.Suspending agent can be used fused salt, fusible metal and flux liquation.
Molten metal is with certain pressure pouring, and poring rate can be improved so suitably greater than blank outlet in the sprue gate, realizes high-speed continuous casting; On the other hand, make the high temperature as-cast structure that has solidified in liquid crystallizer, be subjected to the effect of liquid isostatic pressure, produce the extruding strain, the blank quality is improved; If molten metal is poured into a mould with high pressure, its pressure is during greater than metal yield intensity, the high temperature as-cast structure that has solidified is subjected to the effect of liquid isostatic pressure and destroyed in liquid crystallizer, plastic deformation is pushed in generation, and just directly continuous casting is extruded finished-product material.
In brief, the necessary condition of realization suspension continuous casting is: (1) molten metal continuous pouring; (2) liquid crystallizer is that the closed system of a dynamic equilibrium promptly keeps the constancy of volume that occupied by molten metal in the suspending agent; (3) fusing point of suspending agent low and not miscible and reaction than solidification of molten metal point with its generation; The temperature of control suspending agent is in a liquid state and make molten metal consolidate suspending agent gradually all the time below the solidification of molten metal point, more than the suspending agent fusing point; When (4) directly continuous casting was extruded finished-product material, its pouring pressure must be greater than the yield strength of metal.
The present invention is applicable to the continuous casting of the various section blanks of type, plate, pipe and line, can realize that especially the high-speed continuous casting of nearly whole size and high pressure extrude finished-product material.The present invention can be widely used in the continuous casting of metals such as iron and steel, aluminium, copper.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. the continuous casting installation for casting cost is low, small investment, and high pressure is extruded and is become a useful person, and can save rolling process;
2. can realize that high-speed continuous casting and die casting extrudes finished-product material, especially can realize the nearly whole size high-speed continuous casting of complex shapes and an extrusion bar;
3. eliminate stretching implosion common in traditional continuous casting process and surperficial hot tearing fully, casting blank inner organization is very closely knit, any surface finish;
4. can the continuous casting extrusion bar for the relatively poor high alloy material of some plasticity;
5. because the liquid phase suspension effect throwing power of suspending agent is very little; Hpdc is directly extruded the finished product material, has reduced rolling, group system energy consumption, and comprehensive energy consumption is lower.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail.
Accompanying drawing 1 is continuous casting process and equipment schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is liquid crystallizer schematic diagrames of folded cast panel base.
Accompanying drawing 3 is liquid crystallizer schematic diagrames of super wide sheet billet.
Accompanying drawing 4 is liquid crystallizer schematic diagrames of group's casting wire rod.
Accompanying drawing 5 is continuously cast billet for pipe-making Processes and apparatus schematic diagrames.
As shown in Figure 1, continuous casting installation for casting generally is made up of running gate system (I), liquid crystallizer (II), Blank drawing machine (III).Liquid crystallizer (II) is by crystallizer shell (1), adjuster (2), sprue gate (3), and blank outlet (4), suspending agent (5) and cooler (8) constitute.Below the structure and the function of each parts is described in detail:
1, liquid crystallizer (II) is the main part of continuous casting installation for casting, also is the key point that the present invention is different from traditional handicraft.It is by crystallizer shell (1), and adjuster (2) constitutes the system of a sealing; Sprue gate (3) and blank outlet (4) carry out the casting metal liquation and go out blank, and this passage is that suspending agent (5) is occupied the die cavity that the back forms by molten metal, in fact is exactly the continuous two-phase interface that is in dynamic balance state; The length L (m) of liquid crystallizer (II) is with poring rate (or extruded velocity) G (kgmin
-1), heat transfer section girth D (m), liquid crystallizer (II) thermal conductivity λ (kcm
-2Min
-1) and the heat release H (kckg of molten metal
-1) relation should satisfy: L 〉=HG/D λ;
2, crystallizer shell (1) is the microscler rigid crust that a blank section is complementary, and good elevated temperature strength and anti-suspending agent etch are arranged; When the high pressure continuous casting, its structure satisfies the requirement of intensity height, rapid heat dissipation, strengthens muscle and vertical palisade enhancing muscle raising voltage endurance capability and increases area of dissipation with ring-type on the shell wall of crystallizer shell (1);
3, suspending agent (5) is in a liquid state eventually in working order, and low and material not miscible with its generation and that react is a material than solidification of molten metal point to adopt fusing point; During casting on flat, its proportion should be close with molten metal proportion, reduces the adverse effect of buoyancy as far as possible; Continuous casting in vertical equipment, on when annotating, adopt its proportion suspending agent littler than molten metal proportion, on the contrary when making a bet; The general available fused salt of suspending agent, flux liquation or low-melting-point metal liquation; Certainly, the conformal effect of " backing ring " of suitable liquid crystallizer (II) internal structure such as cooling worm, just to the proportion of suspending agent without limits;
4, sprue gate (3) and blank outlet (4), respectively at the two ends of liquid crystallizer (II), sprue gate (3) and blank outlet (4) all must be made of the material of good, wear-resisting, the anti-suspending agent etch of elevated temperature strength; When the pressurization high-speed continuous casting, the sectional area of sprue gate (3) makes blank be the output of elasticity squeezed state suitably greater than blank outlet (4), can improve casting speed on the one hand, on the other hand, can put forward the blank quality; When pouring pressure was higher than the yield strength of blank, the metal that has solidified produced plastic deformation under the effect of high pressure liquid isostatic pressure, just can directly extrude the finished product material; The mould of blank outlet (4) plays typing and sealing suspending agent (5) effect to blank, and blank is produced compression.
5, adjuster (2) is made up of control valve (6) and fluid reservoir (7), and control valve (6) is made up of a switch and fine setting plunger, and its effect is a volume of regulating liquid crystallizer (II) inner suspension agent (5);
6, the effect of cooler (8) is that liquid towards crystallizer (II) cools off, because specific requirement difference, multiple situation is arranged: 1. casting speed high and low pressure when cast, because crystallizer shell (1) is thinner, cooling just can meet the demands to crystallizer shell (1) water spray; 2. the high pressure cast is extruded when becoming a useful person, and crystallizer shell (1) is very thick, and thermal resistance is very big, and cooler (8) is directly forced cooling to suspending agent (5) with cooling worm; Cooler (8) in liquid crystallizer (II) is exactly a cooling worm or comb, its cross section should be similar to the base shape of being cast, and especially near sprue gate (3), its cross section should be slightly larger than sprue gate (3), its effect has been flowed the conformal effect as " backing ring " to the post of first cast;
7, Blank drawing machine (III), its effect are that the blank that has solidified from liquid crystallizer (II) and be extruded is at the uniform velocity pulled out; Blank drawing machine (III) only plays synchronously auxiliary conveying effect, if pulling force too greatly or pulling rate too fast, cause speed of pulling out and poring rate asynchronous, will occur breaking or technology accident and mass defect such as crackle; Another effect of Blank drawing machine (III) is that suitable pulling force can reduce extrusion pressure and promptly reduces pouring pressure.
8, the effect of running gate system (I) is fast to liquid crystallizer (II) continuous casting of metals liquation with suitable pressure and notes according to technological requirement.
Continuous casting process shown in the accompanying drawing 1 can be used for producing slab, sheet material, parison, section bar, wire rod, excellent base, its technical process is such: before continuous casting begins, in liquid crystallizer, put into the core that to remove, the size of core is identical with die cavity, be installed between sprue gate and the blank outlet, then the suspending agent liquation be poured in the liquid crystallizer, it is solidified, core is removed, die cavity has just formed so again; When continuous casting began, molten metal was annotated in the die cavity of feed liquor attitude crystallizer, and the suspending agent that solidifies is warming up to fusing, molten metal is cooled to and solidifies, more than the fusing point, below the continuous casting of metals freezing point, pouring pressure suitably is increased to 5--10kg/cm to startup cooler control suspending agent temperature at it
2Become a useful person if extrude continuously, its pressure is brought up to the yield strength that is enough to overcome metal, and when extruding steel, the ejection temperature is at 950--1200 ℃, and its pressure is 25--80N/mm
2Like this, molten metal is continuous pouring at suitable pressures, all the time be in a liquid state and solidification of molten metal becomes solid to extrude from blank outlet in the agent of liquid crystallizer inner suspension, extrude when becoming a useful person at the high pressure continuous casting, the sprue gate makes as-cast structure destroyed under suitable plastic deformation suitably greater than blank outlet.The blank of extruding from liquid crystallizer or become a useful person is output under auxiliary synchronously conveying of Blank drawing machine.
As shown in Figure 2,, several die cavities overlapping and that separated by suspending agent can be set in same liquid crystallizer to the production of slab or sheet material, so once can very thin slab or the sheet material of production several piece.This have the overlapping method of a plurality of runner die cavities not prevent being called " folded casting " in same liquid crystallizer.The process characteristic that folded casting is produced slab or extrusion board is: 1. the number of plies is many; 2. veneer is thin; 3. cooling velocity is big, and strand is fine grained texture more; 4. casting speed height, overall productivity is big; 5. liquid crystallizer compact conformation, volume is little; 6. its thin stock can directly supply the milling train pack-rolled sheet.
With liquid crystallizer as shown in Figure 3, can produce super wide light sheet or slab, this liquid crystallizer is similar to the liquid crystallizer of " folded casting " usefulness, the adjacent die cavity of different is blank outlet has an end to stagger to communicate, so just become the die cavity of complications, its spreading width is several times to be increased, and the sprue gate is corresponding with it.Again slab of being poured into a mould or the sheet material of extruding are launched smooth super wide sheet billet or the sheet material of promptly getting.
With liquid crystallizer as shown in Figure 4, a group aperture die cavity identical or inequality can be set in same liquid crystallizer, so once just can produce the wire rod of several diameters at 3--30mm, this method can be described as " group's casting ".Group's casting also can be used for producing the small dimension section bar.Group's casting is extruded wire rod and is had and " folded casting " the similar characteristics of method.
To the big section blank of continuous casting, can pull out shell liquid core blank from liquid crystallizer, be cooled to fully with spraying at secondary cooling zone and solidify; This part is similar to general continuous metal cast process, can reduce the length of liquid crystallizer like this and improve casting speed.
Continuously cast billet for pipe-making technology shown in the accompanying drawing 5, its equipment is made up of running gate system (IV) liquid crystallizer (V) and Blank drawing machine (VI), and wherein liquid crystallizer (V) is made of outer crystallizer and interior crystallizer; Interior crystallizer is exactly to be connected cast internal mold (11) and ejection internal mold (13), filled with suspending agent (14) at the cavity of pouring into a mould between internal mold (11) and the ejection internal mold (13) by crystallizer inner casing (12), interior cooling worm (9) is arranged therebetween, so just formed interior crystallizer; Outer crystallizer cools off coiled pipe (10) outward by crystallizer shell (15), adjuster (16), and blank outlet (17), sprue gate (18), suspending agent (14) constitute.Wherein adjuster (16) is made of control valve (19) and fluid reservoir (20), is used to regulate the volume of liquid crystallizer (V) inner suspension agent (14); Interior cooling worm (9) and outer cooling snake (10) are forced cooling to interior crystallizer and outer crystallizer respectively; The situation that pipe forms is such, molten metal is poured into by crystallizer inner casing (12) and crystallizer shell (15) and constitutes in the liquid crystallizer (V), molten metal is divided into outer crystallizer and interior crystallizer with suspending agent (14), and forms from the sprue gate (18) to the ring-type type control that is occupied by molten metal of blank outlet (17); More than the fusing point and below the freezing point of molten metal, molten metal is solidified the temperature of control suspending agent (14) at it, is extruded through blank outlet (17) typing.In addition, when high-pressure extrusion tubing is especially extruded minor diameter tubing, inside and outside crystallizer shell should be horn-like, be that sprue gate (18) is big and blank outlet (17) is little, such structure helps producing bigger compression ratio and improves material quality and improve extrusion speed, also is convenient to the configuration of miscellaneous part simultaneously.
Introduce embodiments of the invention below, operation principle of the present invention and equipment are described further in conjunction with example.
Embodiment 1, No. 3 normal carbon plate slabs of continuous casting, and its slab section is 15 * 600mm
2Its equipment is made up of running gate system, liquid crystallizer, Blank drawing machine as shown in Figure 1, is horizontally disposed; Liquid crystallizer is made of crystallizer shell, adjuster, sprue gate, blank outlet, suspending agent and cooler, and the dischargeable capacity of liquid crystallizer is length * wide * height=2400 * 840 * 100mm
3The suspending agent material is a lead-containing alloy, fusing point about 220 ℃, proportion 7.0--7.2g/cm
3The cross section, sprue gate is 60 * 600mm
2, make with refractory material; The blank outlet cross section is 15 * 600mm
2, make with tungsten carbide-base high-temperature rigid alloy with self lubricity; Cooler is the comb that the molybdenum pipe of φ 10 * 4 φ 16 * 4mm is formed, and the molybdenum pipe is arranged closelyer nearby at the sprue gate, and caliber is less, space 1--2mm; Cooling coil is cooling medium at nearly position, sprue gate and die cavity spacing 2--5mm with purifying waste water; Latticed enhancing muscle is arranged on the crystallizer shell wall, and its material is a refractory steel; Its continuous casting process process is such: before continuous casting begins, in liquid crystallizer, put into the core that to remove, the size of core is identical with die cavity, be installed between sprue gate and the blank outlet, then the lead-containing alloy liquation is poured in the liquid crystallizer, it is solidified, core is removed again, die cavity has just formed like this; When continuous casting began, the killed steel that will cross through PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as the degassings injected with suitable flow velocity in the die cavity of liquid crystallizer, and the lead-containing alloy that at this moment solidifies is warming up to fusing, and molten steel is cooled to and solidifies, and at this moment pouring pressure is increased to 10--15kg/cm
2, start cooler control suspending agent temperature simultaneously at 350--850 ℃, solidified 1100--1250 ℃ of steel billet and be the elasticity squeezed state from blank outlet and be extruded liquid crystallizer, the extruded velocity of steel billet is 9.6m/min; Blank drawing machine is with the auxiliary synchronously output of steel billet.Running gate system keeps the continuous pouring molten steel, and blank outlet is just extruded steel billet continuously; In casting process, suspending agent can slowly reduce, and therefore, adjuster is wanted timely adjustment, makes the volume of the suspending agent in the liquid crystallizer keep constant substantially.
Example 2, extruding section with folded casting is 2 * 400mm
2The A2 steel band, basic craft course is with example 1; 5 die cavities are arranged in the liquid crystallizer, and the cross section, sprue gate of each die cavity is 10 * 400mm
2, blank outlet cross section 2 * 400mm
2Suspending agent is the lead-containing alloy liquation, about 220 ℃ of fusing points, proportion 7.0--7.2g/cm
3The liquid crystallizer length is 1800 * 400 * 800mm
3Pouring pressure is 60N/mm
2, steel band when blank outlet is extruded temperature at 950--1050 ℃; Extruded velocity is 28m/min.
Example 3 high pressure continuous castings are extruded common I-steel, steel grade 16Mn model 20a.The equipment of continuous casting shaped steel is 1.8 meters to embodiment 1 similar liquid crystallizer length, the sprue gate sectional dimension is three times of linear dimensions of blank outlet size, but the high size of waist makes an exception, get final product with 1.5 times, the height that has so promptly reduced liquid crystallizer can make molten steel extrude this process stream suitable exercise of plastic deformation from being solidified to again.Pouring pressure is 80N/mm
2, the temperature of extrusion profile is 950--1100 ℃; Extruded velocity is 8 meters/minute, and the suspending agent temperature is controlled at 350--850 ℃.
Example 4 high pressure continuous castings are extruded seamless steel pipe, and grade of steel is 12MnV, and specification φ 76 * 6, use the Processes and apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing 5, and the die cavity in its liquid crystallizer is horn-like, and the cross section, sprue gate is φ 140 * 30, and the blank outlet cross section is φ 76 * 6; Liquid crystallizer length is 1800mm; The interior cooling worm of cooler is made by the steel pipe of φ 10 * 2, is contained in the interior crystallizer; Outer cooling coiled pipe is made with φ 12 * 2.5 steel pipes; With fusing point be about 220 ℃, proportion is 7.0--7.2g/cm
2Lead-containing alloy be suspending agent; Pouring pressure is 80N/mm
2, the ejection temperature is 950--1100 ℃, extruded velocity is 18 meters/minute.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of suspension continuous casting method, it is characterized in that molten metal is injected in the liquid crystallizer of using and the sealing that material not miscible with its generation and reaction is a suspending agent lower than melting point metal continuously, the sprue gate is constant to the mold cavity volume that is occupied by molten metal between the blank outlet in the maintenance suspending agent, the temperature of control suspending agent is below solidification of molten metal point, more than the suspending agent melting point substance, make solidification of molten metal and suspending agent is in a liquid state all the time, the metal that solidifies is continuously extruded.
2, according to claim 1 described suspension continuous casting method, the die cavity that it is characterized in that liquid crystallizer, exactly by the control technical process, make suspending agent and molten metal and base shell thereof at the sprue gate the continuous two-phase interface that is in dynamic equilibrium to mouth base interruption-forming.
3, a kind of suspension continuous casting installation for casting, mainly by running gate system, the formation of liquid crystallizer and Blank drawing machine is characterized in that liquid crystallizer by the crystallizer shell, cooler, adjuster, the sprue gate, blank outlet and suspending agent constitute.
4, according to claims 3 described suspension continuous casting installation for casting, it is characterized in that suspending agent be a kind of than melting point metal low and with its generation not miscible and the reaction material, be in a liquid state during duty.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96104406 CN1135388A (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1996-04-01 | Suspension continuous casting method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96104406 CN1135388A (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1996-04-01 | Suspension continuous casting method and apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1135388A true CN1135388A (en) | 1996-11-13 |
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ID=5118339
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96104406 Pending CN1135388A (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1996-04-01 | Suspension continuous casting method and apparatus |
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|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100342996C (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-10-17 | 邵和邵莎莫浩夫公司 | Continuous casting method |
-
1996
- 1996-04-01 CN CN 96104406 patent/CN1135388A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100342996C (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-10-17 | 邵和邵莎莫浩夫公司 | Continuous casting method |
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