CN113535573B - GOMS model improvement-based software availability quantitative evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a software availability quantitative evaluation method based on GOMS model improvement, and belongs to the field of software evaluation. According to the improved software availability quantitative evaluation method based on the GOMS model, the service frequency and the importance degree of different services of the software are scored by adopting an expert scoring method, so that the weight of each service is determined; dividing the business object into a plurality of sub-objects, wherein the sub-objects can be continuously subdivided until being decomposed into basic operations which cannot be decomposed; calculating the complexity of different basic operations based on the basic operation time of the GOMS model; calculating business complexity according to the complexity of basic operation; and obtaining the complexity of the software system according to the complexity of each service of the software system. According to the method and the system, for different design schemes of the software system, the software interface design complexity of each scheme is calculated, and the higher the software interface design complexity is, the worse the software availability is, so that the quantitative evaluation of the software availability of each design scheme can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of software evaluation, and particularly relates to a GOMS model-based improved quantitative evaluation method for software availability.
Background
Software usability assessment can be broadly divided into two categories from the interface development process: firstly, evaluating in the initial stage of software interface design and in the test process, namely, stage evaluating; and secondly, the evaluation adopted in the final stage of the software interface design completion is called summarization evaluation. The stage evaluation mainly adopts an open means, and problems in the design are found and optimized and improved through questionnaires, interviews and the like; and the summary evaluation is mainly to carry out overall evaluation on the interface design through strict quantitative analysis, such as indexes of completion rate, completion time and the like. The conventional testing methods designed for the software interface mainly comprise an availability testing method, an availability questionnaire method, an observation method, a user interview method and the like, mainly comprise qualitative evaluation, and also comprise a quantitative evaluation method based on GOMS.
At present, the software availability evaluation has the problems that subjective evaluation is dominant, the subjective evaluation is greatly influenced by personal experience, psychological states and the like, objectivity is lacking, or evaluation results are difficult to quantitatively analyze and the like. If the usability test method can be combined with the cognition characteristic, usability problems can be easily found, objectivity is strong, but test time is longer and cost is higher; the usability questionnaire method has the characteristics of convenience for finding subjective preference of users, simplicity, easiness, practicability and low cost, but is easy to misunderstand and greatly influenced by personal preference of the users; the observation method can reflect the actual operation of the user, but is greatly influenced by the observer and the observed person; user interviews can mine the actual demand of the user for long periods of time and results that are difficult to quantitatively analyze. In order to realize quantitative evaluation of the availability of the software interface, partial students utilize a GOMS model to study the online shopping process of the user, so that the operation theoretical time required by the user when the user completes the same task by using different shopping platforms can be predicted, and then the operation theoretical time is compared with the actual time obtained through performance experiments, and different operation flows are optimized. However, the current software interface availability evaluation method based on the GOMS model calculates the operation average time of each basic operation, lacks consideration on the self specificity of an operation object, such as the positioning time and the time difficulty of a mouse positioning button, and has great influence on the size of the button, so that more effective software availability evaluation is necessary to be researched and support is provided for software design optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a software availability quantitative evaluation method based on GOMS model improvement, so as to solve the problems that subjective evaluation is dominant, influence of personal experience/psychological state and the like is large, objectivity is lacking, or quantitative analysis of evaluation results is difficult in the current software availability evaluation.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a GOMS model-based improved software availability quantitative evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing service weight;
the method comprises the steps of scoring the service frequency and the importance degree of different services of software by adopting an expert scoring method, so as to determine the weight of each service;
s2, analyzing each business process
Dividing the business object into a plurality of sub-objects, wherein the sub-objects can be continuously subdivided until being decomposed into basic operations which cannot be decomposed;
s3, calculating business complexity
Calculating the complexity of different basic operations based on the basic operation time of the GOMS model; calculating business complexity according to the complexity of basic operation;
s4, calculating the overall complexity of the system
And obtaining the complexity of the software system according to the complexity of each service of the software system.
Further, in the step S1, the service T is scored based on the expert j Weights W (T) j ) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F (T) j )、I(T j ) Expert for traffic T respectively j The obtained average value of scoring is carried out on the frequency of use and the importance degree.
Further, for traffic T j The rules for scoring the frequency and importance of use are: 1 indicates a low frequency of use, 2 indicates a low frequency of use, 3 indicates a general frequency of use, 4 indicates a high frequency of use, and 5 indicates a high frequency of use.
Further, for traffic T j The rules for scoring the frequency and importance of use are:1 indicates that the service is not important, 2 indicates that the service is not important, 3 indicates that the importance degree is general, 4 indicates that the service is important, and 5 indicates that the service is important.
Further, the operation process of the user shopping process includes:
(1) Menu navigation: user mouse pointing to left menu bar P 1 Area S 1 A two-level menu bar appears pointing to commodity keyword P 2 Area S 2 Clicking K;
(2) Commodity browsing: the page jumps to the commodity page S, the user browses commodity details and scrolls the mouse R times average scrolling times, and the user points to the intention commodity P 3 Area S 3 Clicking K;
(3) Browsing detail pages: the page jumps to enter a commodity detail page S, the user browses commodity details and scrolls a mouse R multiplied by average scrolling times, and the user points to an evaluation page P 4 Area S 4 Clicking the evaluation page K, scrolling the mouse R x average scrolling times, pointing the mouse to a commodity configuration P 5 Area S 5 Clicking on K, mouse pointing to purchase P immediately 6 Area S 6 Clicking K;
(4) The user views and submits the order: the page jumps into order page S, the user browses order details, and the user points to submitting order P 7 Area S 7 Clicking K, jumping the page into the payment page S, pointing the mouse to the payment button P 8 Area S 8 Clicking K, displaying a payment password input popup window S, resetting to a keyboard H, inputting a password T, and pointing a mouse to a determination button P 9 Area S 9 Click on K.
Further, in the step S3, when calculating the complexity of different basic operations, three basic assumptions are based:
(1) The user operation complexity is in direct proportion to the basic operation time of the GOMS model;
(2) Static interface element positioning complexity is inversely proportional to element physical area;
(3) The complexity of the mouse positioning the whole screen is equal to the complexity of clicking the mouse.
Further, let the complexity of clicking the mouse be 1, calculate the complexity of different operations:
click mouse C complexity: c (C) C ＝1；
Key K complexity: c (C) K ＝T K /T C ＝1；
Reset H complexity: c (C) H ＝T H /T C ＝2；
Mouse scroll R complexity: c (C) R ＝T R /T C ＝1；
Page switch S complexity: c (C) S ＝T S /T C ＝8；
Text input T complexity: c (C) T ＝N×T K /T C ＝N；
Assume that the user displays a screen area S 0 The resolution is X×Y, the physical area s of a static interface element, and the pixel is X×y, so the complexity of positioning the mouse to the static interface element is:
further, in the step S3, calculating the service complexity according to the complexity of the basic operation specifically includes: the business is formed by individual basic operations A i Series composition, service T j The operation complexity calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
referring to the complexity of the underlying operation Ai.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes:
based on the complexity of each service of the software system calculated in the step S3, the complexity C of the software system is obtained:
where n is the number of services in the software.
Further, the higher the complexity of the software system schemes is calculated, the worse the software availability.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a software availability quantitative evaluation method based on GOMS model improvement, which adopts an expert scoring method to score the service frequency and importance degree of different services of software, thereby determining the weight of each service; dividing the business object into a plurality of sub-objects, wherein the sub-objects can be continuously subdivided until being decomposed into basic operations which cannot be decomposed; calculating the complexity of different basic operations based on the basic operation time of the GOMS model; calculating business complexity according to the complexity of basic operation; and obtaining the complexity of the software system according to the complexity of each service of the software system. The invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of the software interface availability, and for different design schemes of the software system, the higher the complexity of the software interface design is, the worse the software availability is, thereby realizing the quantitative evaluation of the software availability of each design scheme.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded example of a user shopping operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to further improve the scientificity and rationality of software man-machine interface design evaluation, and combine the practical characteristics and limiting conditions of each evaluation method, the patent provides a quantitative evaluation method for software interface design, which aims at achieving the following purposes:
(1) Defining a set of indexes capable of supporting quantitative evaluation of a software interface based on GOMS and a calculation method thereof;
(2) A quantitative evaluation strategy of a software interface is provided, and quantitative evaluation of software availability is realized.
The scheme of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, analyzing business weight
The following problems must be defined by combining different user roles in the traffic weight analysis:
1) Which tasks are used with high frequency? Which tasks are used less frequently?
2) What tasks are important? What tasks are unimportant?
3) How should each task go?
The patent evaluates the availability of the software, adopts an expert scoring method to score the service frequency and the importance degree of different services of the software, thereby determining the weight of each service.
Table 1 expert scoring examples of representations
Expert scoring tables are shown in the above tables, and the scoring rules are: 1 indicates low frequency of use (traffic is not important), 2 indicates low frequency of use (traffic is not important), 3 indicates generally, 4 indicates high frequency of use (traffic is important), 5 indicates high frequency of use (traffic is important), i.e., the higher the resulting score. Expert scoring-based service T j Weights W (T) j ) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F (T) j )、I(T j ) Expert for traffic T respectively j The obtained average value of scoring is carried out on the frequency of use and the importance degree.
Step S2, analyzing each business process
The business object may be divided into several sub-objects, which may continue to be subdivided until it is broken into basic operations that cannot be broken down.
Taking the shopping process of the user of the main stream shopping website as an example, the operation flow is approximately as follows: the user opens the website to log in, the search class user enters the commodity list page through searching, the menu class user enters the commodity list page through a menu, and the browsing class user enters the thematic page through browsing. Different users may choose different methods on the item detail page: the user can choose to purchase or join the shopping cart immediately, the user choosing to purchase needs to enter the order page directly and complete the order payment operation, and the user choosing to join the shopping cart can continue shopping. As shown in fig. 1.
The above process can be simply divided into six business processes, taking a login-menu-commodity list-detail page-order page/payment "business process as an example, and the operation process mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Menu navigation: user mouse pointing to left menu bar P 1 (area S) 1 ) A two-level menu bar appears pointing to commodity keyword P 2 (area S) 2 ) And clicking K;
(2) Commodity browsing: the page jumps into the product page S, the user browses the product details and scrolls the mouse Rx 20 (average scroll number), the user points to the intended product P 3 (area S) 3 ) Clicking K;
(3) Browsing detail pages: the page jumps into the item detail page S, the user browses the item details and scrolls the mouse Rx 10 (average scroll number), the user points to the evaluation page P 4 (area S) 4 ) Clicking the evaluation page K, scrolling the mouse Rx 8 (average number of scrolls), pointing the mouse at a commodity configuration P 5 (area S) 5 ) Clicking on K, mouse pointing to purchase P immediately 6 (area S) 6 ) Clicking K;
(4) The user views and submits the order: the page jumps into order page S, the user browses order details, and the user points to submitting order P 7 (area S) 7 ) Clicking K, jumping the page into the payment page S, pointing the mouse to the payment button P 8 (area S) 8 ) Clicking K, displaying a payment password input popup window S, resetting to a keyboard H, inputting a password T (6), and pointing a mouse to a determination button P 9 (area S) 9 ) Click on K.
Based on the above procedure, the business object can be decomposed into basic operations that cannot be decomposed. In summary, the necessary operations required to implement the "login-menu-item list-detail page-order page/payment" business process are:
P 1 P 2 KS(R×20)P 3 KS(R×10)P 4 K(R×8)P 5 K P 6 SP 8 KSH(T(6))P 9 。
step S3 service complexity calculation
3.1 Single operation complexity calculation
The analysis of the behavior and the target by the GOMS shows that the method can be applied to qualitative research on an interactive interface and quantitative analysis. The builder of GOMS gives typical times for several basic operational behaviors defined by summarized refinements and experimental studies of user behavior (see Table 1). The time taken by the user to accomplish a certain goal is the total time that the user adds up the individual basic operations of interacting with the interface. From the perspective of quantitative analysis, the system can predict the time required by a user to use a functional interface, evaluate the performance of the interface and perfect and optimize the existing interface. In order to better evaluate the usability of an interface, the patent proposes an interface complexity concept based on the basic operation time of a GOMS model, increases the consideration of the positioning difficulty of static elements of the interface, and provides a complexity quantitative calculation method integrating the interface operation and the static interface elements.
Table 2 basic operating time (expansion) of the GOMS model
This patent proposes three basic assumptions:
(1) The user operation complexity is in direct proportion to the basic operation time of the GOMS model;
(2) Static interface element positioning complexity is inversely proportional to element physical area;
(3) The complexity of the mouse positioning the whole screen (the mouse moves arbitrarily in the interface) is equal to the complexity of clicking the mouse.
Based on the assumption, let the complexity of clicking the mouse be 1, the complexity of different operations can be calculated:
click mouse C complexity: c (C) C ＝1；
Key K complexity: c (C) K ＝T K /T C ＝1；
Reset H complexity: c (C) H ＝T H /T C ＝2；
Mouse scroll R complexity: c (C) R ＝T R /T C ＝1；
Page switch S complexity: c (C) S ＝T S /T C ＝8；
Text input T complexity: c (C) T ＝N×T K /T C ＝N；
Assume that the user displays a screen area S 0 The resolution is X×Y, the physical area s of a static interface element, and the pixel is X×y, so the complexity of positioning the mouse to the static interface element is:
3.2 business operation complexity calculation
From the above analysis, the service is composed of a series of individual basic operations Ai, and thus, the service Tj operation complexity calculation method is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,referring to the complexity of the underlying operation Ai.
For the example in step S1, the necessary operations to implement the "login-menu-item list-detail page-order page/payment" business process are: p (P) 1 P 2 KJ(R×20)P 3 KJ(R×20)P 4 K(R×8)P 5 K P 6 J P 8 KJH(T(6))P 9 . The corresponding business complexity is:
wherein S is i For position-locating operation P i Corresponding interface element area S 0 For displaying screen area.
Step S4, calculating the overall complexity of the system
Based on the complexity of each service of the software system calculated in step S3, the complexity C of the software system can be obtained:
where n is the number of services in the software.
For different design schemes of the software system, the higher the complexity of the software interface design is, the worse the software availability is, so that the quantitative evaluation of the software availability of each design scheme can be realized.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The improved software availability quantitative evaluation method based on the GOMS model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, analyzing service weight;
the method comprises the steps of scoring the service frequency and the importance degree of different services of software by adopting an expert scoring method, so as to determine the weight of each service;
s2, analyzing each business process
Dividing the business object into a plurality of sub-objects, wherein the sub-objects can be continuously subdivided until being decomposed into basic operations which cannot be decomposed;
s3, calculating business complexity
Calculating the complexity of different basic operations based on the basic operation time of the GOMS model; calculating business complexity according to the complexity of basic operation;
s4, calculating the overall complexity of the system
Obtaining the complexity of the software system according to the complexity of each service of the software system;
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
in the step S1, the service T based on expert scoring j Weights W (T) j ) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F (T) j )、I(T j ) Expert for traffic T respectively j The obtained average value of scoring the using frequency and the importance degree;
in the step S3, when calculating the complexity of different basic operations, three basic assumptions are based:
(1) The user operation complexity is in direct proportion to the basic operation time of the GOMS model;
(2) Static interface element positioning complexity is inversely proportional to element physical area;
(3) The complexity of positioning the whole screen by the mouse is equal to the complexity of clicking the mouse;
let click the mouse operation complexity be 1, calculate the complexity of different operations:
click mouse C complexity: c (C) C ＝1；
Key K complexity: c (C) K ＝T K /T C ＝1；
Reset H complexity: c (C) H ＝T H /T C ＝2；
Mouse scroll R complexity: c (C) R ＝T R /T C ＝1；
Page switch S complexity: c (C) S ＝T S /T C ＝8；
Text input T complexity: c (C) T ＝N×T K /T C ＝N；
Assume that the user displays a screen area S 0 The resolution is X×Y, the physical area s of a static interface element, and the pixel is X×y, so the complexity of positioning the mouse to the static interface element is:
in the step S3, according to the complexity of the basic operation, calculating the service complexity specifically includes: the business is formed by individual basic operations A i Series composition, service T j The operation complexity calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
refer to basic operation A i Complexity of (2);
the step S4 specifically includes:
based on the complexity of each service of the software system calculated in the step S3, the complexity C of the software system is obtained:
where n is the number of services in the software.
2. The improved quantitative assessment method of software availability based on the GOMS model according to claim 1, characterized in that for the service T j Is used in the frequency of use of (a)The rules for scoring the rate and importance are: 1 indicates a low frequency of use, 2 indicates a low frequency of use, 3 indicates a general frequency of use, 4 indicates a high frequency of use, and 5 indicates a high frequency of use.
3. The improved quantitative assessment method of software availability based on the GOMS model according to claim 1, characterized in that for the service T j The rules for scoring the frequency and importance of use are: 1 indicates that the service is not important, 2 indicates that the service is not important, 3 indicates that the importance degree is general, 4 indicates that the service is important, and 5 indicates that the service is important.
4. The improved quantitative assessment method for software availability based on the GOMS model of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation procedure of the user shopping procedure comprises:
(1) Menu navigation: user mouse pointing to left menu bar P 1 Area S 1 A two-level menu bar appears pointing to commodity keyword P 2 Area S 2 Clicking K;
(2) Commodity browsing: the page jumps to the commodity page S, the user browses commodity details and scrolls the mouse R times average scrolling times, and the user points to the intention commodity P 3 Area S 3 Clicking K;
(3) Browsing detail pages: the page jumps to enter a commodity detail page S, the user browses commodity details and scrolls a mouse R multiplied by average scrolling times, and the user points to an evaluation page P 4 Area S 4 Clicking the evaluation page K, scrolling the mouse R x average scrolling times, pointing the mouse to a commodity configuration P 5 Area S 5 Clicking on K, mouse pointing to purchase P immediately 6 Area S 6 Clicking K;
(4) The user views and submits the order: the page jumps into order page S, the user browses order details, and the user points to submitting order P 7 Area S 7 Clicking K, jumping the page into the payment page S, pointing the mouse to the payment button P 8 Area S 8 Clicking K, inputting a popup window S for payment password, resetting to a keyboard H, inputting a password T, and inputting a mouseThe mark direction determining button P 9 Area S 9 Click on K.
5. The improved quantitative assessment method for software availability based on the GOMS model of claim 1, wherein the higher the complexity of each solution of the computing software system, the worse the software availability.
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