CN113532344B - Impact damage identification method of isotropic panel structure based on signal symmetry - Google Patents

Impact damage identification method of isotropic panel structure based on signal symmetry Download PDF

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CN113532344B
CN113532344B CN202110845473.1A CN202110845473A CN113532344B CN 113532344 B CN113532344 B CN 113532344B CN 202110845473 A CN202110845473 A CN 202110845473A CN 113532344 B CN113532344 B CN 113532344B
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CN113532344A (en
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许龙涛
韩彦伟
辛士红
杜翠
王文胜
彭础琦
张乾
贾元青
邓微微
王玲茹
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08—Shock-testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

Abstract

The invention relates to an isotropic plate structure impact damage identification method based on signal symmetry. The invention can effectively solve the problem that the impact position cannot be identified and the damage cannot be identified simultaneously in the impact monitoring, thereby simplifying the hardware requirement of the system, simplifying the signal processing process and meeting the on-line requirement of real-time monitoring of structural health monitoring.

Description

Impact damage identification method of isotropic panel structure based on signal symmetry
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of structural health monitoring, and particularly relates to an impact damage identification method for an isotropic flat plate structure.
Background
The aluminum alloy is one of main metal materials in aviation structures, is an isotropic material and is widely applied to skin, frame bodies, brackets, and other aviation structures. The aeronautical structures are inevitably subjected to external impacts during production, transportation, use and maintenance, which will lead to a decrease in the strength and stability of the structure and even to sudden damages of the whole structure. How to quickly estimate the impact location and determine the potential damage location is an important task to ensure the safety of the aeronautical structure.
The common impact positioning method generally only identifies the impact position, does not evaluate whether the structure is damaged, and cannot meet the requirements of an aviation impact monitoring system.
The existing impact damage monitoring system is generally divided into two systems, namely a passive impact monitoring system and an active damage monitoring system. The passive impact monitoring system is used for impact position monitoring, and the active damage monitoring system is used for damage monitoring. The active damage monitoring system has higher requirement on hardware, and needs to actively excite signals in the structure, and signal processing is performed through damage scattering signals of multiple paths, so that damage identification is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an impact damage identification method of an isotropic panel structure based on signal symmetry, which can effectively solve the problem that impact positions and damage cannot be identified simultaneously in impact monitoring, and can be used for quickly identifying and monitoring the impact positions and the impact damage in a monitoring area.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for identifying the impact damage of the isotropic panel structure based on the signal symmetry comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively arranging sensor arrays for monitoring impact events on the upper surface and the lower surface of an isotropic flat plate structure, wherein the sensors on the upper surface and the lower surface are in one-to-one correspondence, the sensors on the upper surface and the lower surface are numbered, and all the sensors are connected with the same monitoring center;
taking the position of each sensor arranged on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure as the vertex of a grid, wherein one grid consists of M vertexes, the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure is provided with a plurality of grids, and M is a natural number which is more than or equal to 3;
when an impact event occurs, selecting a sensor with earliest signal arrival time from the sensors on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure, and taking the signal arrival time of the sensor as a reference, and selecting the moment when the sensor signal exceeds a threshold value as the starting time of signal interception of the sensor; assume that the start time of sensor signal interception is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The end time of the sensor signal interception is +.>
Figure 460915DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The signal energy of each sensor signal at the upper surface of the isotropic plate structure is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure 621769DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is a sensor signal;
step four, selecting the first M sensors with the strongest signal energy from the signal energy of each sensor signal calculated in the step three as impact sensors; setting the sensor signal energy of other sensors except the impact sensor in the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure to zero;
step five, summing the energy of sensor signals of the sensors in each grid on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure, sorting the summation result according to the size, and selecting the grid with the maximum energy of the sensor signals as the grid where the impact point is located;
step six, estimating the impact position by using the energy of the sensor signal and the coordinates of the sensor in the grid where the impact point is located according to the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure 889939DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and->
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Is the coordinates of the estimated impact position, +.>
Figure 819849DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
And->
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Is the coordinates of the individual sensors, +.>
Figure 266005DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Is the signal energy of each sensor;
and seventhly, arranging the sensors on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure according to the energy of the sensor signals from large to small, selecting the sensor with the M th sequence, assuming that the sensor is numbered P, selecting the corresponding sensor with the P' on the lower surface, performing correlation analysis on the sensor signals of the two selected sensors, and if the correlation of the two signals is lower, considering that the isotropic flat plate structure is damaged after impact, otherwise, considering that the isotropic flat plate structure is not damaged after impact.
The grid is a triangle grid, a quadrilateral grid or a pentagonal grid.
The data acquisition system of the monitoring center synchronously acquires signals of all the sensors, and when the signals of all the sensors have no super signal threshold value, the data acquisition system discards the acquired signals and then processes newly acquired signals; when a group of collected signals have super-threshold signals, the collected signals are sent to a processing system of a monitoring center to determine impact positions and identify damage.
The basic idea of the invention is that the signal energy of the sensor signal is stronger according to the fact that the nearer the impact point is, the earlier the arrival time of the sensor signal is; when impact damage occurs to the structure, the symmetry of the sensor signals on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat plate structure is broken. The invention estimates the impact position by utilizing the arrival time and the signal energy of each sensor signal in the monitoring area, identifies the impact damage by utilizing the symmetry of the sensor signals on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flat plate structure, unifies the problem of monitoring the impact damage by the traditional passive monitoring system and the active monitoring system into the problem of monitoring the impact damage by the passive monitoring system, thereby simplifying the hardware requirement of the system, simplifying the signal processing process and meeting the online requirement of real-time monitoring of structural health monitoring.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the impact position is identified through the sensor signal arrival time and the signal energy, and the damage is identified by utilizing the symmetry of the sensor signals on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flat plate structure, so that the problem that the impact position cannot be identified and the damage cannot be identified simultaneously in impact monitoring can be effectively solved; the algorithm of the invention is novel, the algorithm speed is high, and the requirements on software and hardware are low. The invention can meet the requirement of large-area online real-time impact monitoring of the isotropic structure and can promote the application and development of the national structural health monitoring technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the impact damage recognition method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of signal interception time of a sensor signal.
FIG. 3 is a graph of impact points and sensor positions for an impact test.
Fig. 4 is a graph of signal energy distribution for each sensor.
FIG. 5 shows the similarity coefficients of sensor signals for the upper and lower surfaces of the plate structure at different impact velocities.
Fig. 6 is a signal diagram of the upper surface sensor and the lower surface sensor when the flat plate structure is not damaged.
Fig. 7 is a signal diagram of the upper surface sensor and the lower surface sensor when the flat plate structure is damaged.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The method for identifying the impact damage of the isotropic flat plate structure based on the signal symmetry is carried out according to the flow shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following detailed steps:
two groups of sensor arrays are distributed on the isotropic flat plate structure, one group of sensor arrays are distributed on the upper surface of the flat plate, and the other group of sensor arrays are distributed on the lower surface of the flat plate and correspond to the sensors in a one-to-one mode; each sensor in the two groups of sensor arrays is connected with a data acquisition system of a monitoring center, and the monitoring center synchronously acquires sensor signals of each sensor;
dividing a monitoring area of the isotropic panel structure into a plurality of grids which are not overlapped with each other by using the distribution of the sensors, wherein the sensors in any grid are used as vertexes of the grids to serve as monitoring subareas; the grid can be flexibly selected according to the actual distribution of the sensors, for example, triangular grids, quadrilateral grids, pentagonal grids and the like can be used, when the quadrilateral grids are adopted for dividing, every 4 adjacent sensors serve as vertexes of a grid unit, the grid unit is a monitoring subarea, and similarly, when pentagonal grids are adopted, 5 sensors serve as vertexes in each grid;
step three, (1) when an impact event occurs, the signals of the sensors on the flat plate exceed a threshold value, each sensor receives a response signal of the flat plate structure, and the data acquisition system stores the acquired signals into the system for analysis and use by an impact damage identification method; if the signals of all the sensors do not have the super signal threshold value, the data acquisition system discards the acquired signals and then processes the newly acquired signals;
(2) Selecting a sensor with the earliest signal arrival time from the sensors on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure, and taking the signal arrival time of the sensor as a reference, and selecting the moment when the sensor signal exceeds a threshold value as the starting time of sensor signal interception; assuming interception of sensor signalsStart time is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The end time of the sensor signal interception is +.>
Figure 569947DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The signal energy of each sensor signal at the upper surface of the isotropic plate structure is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure 454858DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure 895066DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is a sensor signal;
step four, selecting the first M sensors with the strongest signal energy from the signal energy of each sensor signal calculated in the step three as impact sensors; setting the sensor signal energy of other sensors except the impact sensor in the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure to zero; wherein M is the number of vertices in the divided single mesh, for example, M may be taken as 4 here, that is, four sensors enclose a monitoring sub-area;
step five, summing the energy of sensor signals of the sensors in each grid on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure, sorting the summation result according to the size, and selecting the grid with the maximum energy of the sensor signals as the grid where the impact point is located;
step six, estimating the impact position by using the energy of sensor signals and the coordinates of the sensors in the grid where the impact points are located and using a gravity center method according to the following formula:
Figure 699074DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure 37783DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and->
Figure 913335DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Is the coordinates of the estimated impact position, +.>
Figure 145733DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
And->
Figure 464850DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Is the coordinates of the individual sensors, +.>
Figure 8964DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Is the signal energy of each sensor;
and seventhly, arranging the sensors on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure according to the energy of the sensor signals from large to small, selecting the sensor with the M th sequence, assuming that the sensor is numbered P, selecting the corresponding sensor with the P' on the lower surface, performing correlation analysis on the sensor signals of the two selected sensors, and if the correlation of the two signals is lower, considering that the isotropic flat plate structure is damaged after impact, otherwise, considering that the isotropic flat plate structure is not damaged after impact.
In order to better explain the technical scheme of the invention, impact damage monitoring is carried out on an isotropic aluminum plate, and sensor arrays are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum plate, so that the specific implementation process of the method is sequentially described.
As shown in FIG. 3, the isotropic aluminum plate has a size of
Figure 625890DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The upper surface and the lower surface of the isotropic aluminum plate are respectively provided with 16 sensors, the sensors on the upper surface are marked as No. 1 to No. 16 sensors, and the sensors on the lower surface are marked as No. 1 'to No. 16' sensors. As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring area is divided into 9 monitoring subareas by 16 sensors and 4 sensors are grouped, and the monitoring subareas are numbered from 1 subarea to 9 subareas in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom. The lower surface of the plate structure is also provided with 16The sensors are distributed in the same way as the sensors on the upper surface of the flat plate, the sensors on the lower surface divide the monitoring area into 9 monitoring subareas, and the numbering modes of the subareas are the same as the numbering modes of the subareas on the upper surface of the flat plate.
Taking the impact at the center of the plate structure as an example, the complete monitoring process is as follows:
(1) The sensors are arranged and the monitoring subareas are divided in the manner described above.
(2) When an impact event occurs, stress waves are generated by the flat plate structure at the impact point, the stress waves propagate into the structure, synchronous acquisition is adopted in the monitoring system, a sensor array on the flat plate structure receives stress wave signals, and 600 data points are acquired by each sensor.
(3) The arrival time of the sensor signal on the upper surface of the flat plate structure is extracted, the sensor signal with the earliest arrival time is selected, the arrival time of the sensor is taken as the starting time of signal interception, and the signal length is determined by the distance and the wave speed of the sensor, as shown in fig. 2.
(4) The signal energy of each sensor on the upper surface of the flat plate structure is calculated, 4 sensor signal energies with the strongest signal energy are selected, and then the signal energy of other sensors is set to be 0. As shown in fig. 4, the first four sensors with the strongest signal energy are No. 6, 7, 10, 11.
(5) The sum of the sensor signal energy in each monitoring subarea is calculated, the subarea with the largest sum of the signal energy is selected as the area where the impact position is located, and the monitoring subareas surrounded by the 6, 7, 10 and 11 sensors can be determined as the area where the impact position is located from the sensor signal energy distribution of each sensor in fig. 4.
(6) The impact location is further estimated using gravity center method using the sensor signal energy and coordinates of the sensor in the grid where the impact is located. The impact position (-0.0077 cm, -0.0119 cm), the true position (0 cm ) and the estimated position and the true position are close to each other.
(7) The mth sensor is selected according to the order of the sensor signal energy from large to small, where mth is taken as 4, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the sensor of sensor number 7 is selected. The symmetry of the sensor signals on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat plate at the sensor position of 7 is analyzed, and correlation analysis can be performed to obtain a correlation coefficient.
(8) As shown in fig. 5, as the impact speed increases, the flat structure changes from being intact to having a flaw, and the symmetry of the sensor signals on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat structure decreases. When there is damage, the symmetry of the structure is broken, so the symmetry can be used to identify whether the structure is damaged.
(9) As shown in FIG. 6, when the impact speed is 5m/s, the flat plate structure is not damaged, the signals on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat plate structure have good symmetry, and the waveforms of the signals almost coincide. As shown in FIG. 7, when the impact speed was 20m/s, the flat plate structure was damaged, the symmetry of the signals on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat plate structure was deteriorated, and the waveforms of the signals were remarkably different.
Therefore, when an impact event occurs, the symmetry of the sensor signals on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flat plate structure is analyzed through the similarity coefficient of the signals, so that whether the structure is damaged or not is identified.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments, and any modifications and equivalents not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims (3)

1. The method for identifying the impact damage of the isotropic panel structure based on the signal symmetry is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, respectively arranging sensor arrays for monitoring impact events on the upper surface and the lower surface of an isotropic flat plate structure, wherein the sensors on the upper surface and the lower surface are in one-to-one correspondence, the sensors on the upper surface and the lower surface are numbered, and all the sensors are connected with the same monitoring center;
taking the position of each sensor arranged on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure as the vertex of a grid, wherein one grid consists of M vertexes, the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure is provided with a plurality of grids, and M is a natural number which is more than or equal to 3;
when an impact event occurs, selecting a sensor with earliest signal arrival time from the sensors on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure, and taking the signal arrival time of the sensor as a reference, and selecting the moment when the sensor signal exceeds a threshold value as the starting time of signal interception of the sensor; assume that the start time of sensor signal interception is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The end time of the sensor signal interception is +.>
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The signal energy of each sensor signal at the upper surface of the isotropic plate structure is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is a sensor signal;
step four, selecting the first M sensors with the strongest signal energy from the signal energy of each sensor signal calculated in the step three as impact sensors; setting the sensor signal energy of other sensors except the impact sensor in the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure to zero;
step five, summing the energy of sensor signals of the sensors in each grid on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure, sorting the summation result according to the size, and selecting the grid with the maximum energy of the sensor signals as the grid where the impact point is located;
step six, estimating the impact position by using the energy of the sensor signal and the coordinates of the sensor in the grid where the impact point is located according to the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
and->
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Is the coordinates of the estimated impact position, +.>
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
And->
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Is the coordinates of the individual sensors, +.>
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Is the signal energy of each sensor;
and seventhly, arranging the sensors on the upper surface of the isotropic flat plate structure according to the energy of the sensor signals from large to small, selecting the sensor with the M th sequence, assuming that the sensor is numbered P, selecting the corresponding sensor with the P' on the lower surface, performing correlation analysis on the sensor signals of the two selected sensors, and if the correlation of the two signals is lower, considering that the isotropic flat plate structure is damaged after impact, otherwise, considering that the isotropic flat plate structure is not damaged after impact.
2. The impact damage identification method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh is a triangle mesh, a quadrangle mesh, or a pentagon mesh.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system of the monitoring center synchronously acquires signals of each sensor, and when none of the signals of each sensor exceeds a signal threshold, the data acquisition system discards the acquired signals and then processes the newly acquired signals; when a group of collected signals have super-threshold signals, the collected signals are sent to a processing system of a monitoring center to determine impact positions and identify damage.
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CN104215528A (en) * 2014-09-09 2014-12-17 南京航空航天大学 Composite material structure impacting area location method based on energy weighting factor
WO2016037400A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-17 南京航空航天大学 Method for locating composite material structure impact region based on energy weighting factor
CN108061635A (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-05-22 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 Harden structure Impact monitoring method based on Teager energy operators and Sample Entropy
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