CN113531520A - W flame boiler suitable for difficult-to-burn coal and easy-to-burn coal and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
W flame boiler suitable for difficult-to-burn coal and easy-to-burn coal and adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 322
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/12—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone
- F23C10/14—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a W flame boiler suitable for difficult-to-burn coal and easy-to-burn coal, which is provided with an arch air adjusting device and comprises: the layer A perimeter air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the light coal powder nozzles on the arch; the B layer double-layer peripheral air nozzles are arranged around the dense coal powder nozzles; the layer C double-layer peripheral air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the oil gun nozzles; the secondary air nozzles under the arch are provided with a plurality of layers and are sequentially distributed on the front wall and the rear wall of the lower hearth. The invention realizes full combustion by improving the concentrated coal powder nozzle, the oil gun nozzle and the over-fire air and matching the over-fire air and the over-fire air according to different coal qualities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal-fired power plant boiler, in particular to a W flame boiler which can fully combust both low-volatile-component difficult-to-combust coal and high-volatile-component easy-to-combust coal, and belongs to the technical field of W flame boiler combustion.
Background
The W flame boiler has the characteristics of larger lower hearth space, high temperature level in the boiler and long flame stroke, is a main boiler type which uses low volatile matter (anthracite and lean coal), high ash content and low heat value and is difficult to fire coal, and is generally provided with an anthracite or lean coal combustion system. W flame boiler NO because of high temperature level in the boiler and low volatile content of coal for combustionxThe emission concentration is far higher than that of other furnace types, NOxThe difficulty of emission control is great. In recent years, with the increasing demand for environmental protection, W flame boiler NOxUltra-low emission is a trend, and requirements are put forward in many provinces, cities and autonomous regions. To this end, many W-flame boilers begin to co-fire or modify high volatile combustible bituminous coals to reduce furnace exit NOxEmission concentration, combined with SCR, ultra-low emissions are achieved. However, because the ignition and burnout characteristics of the anthracite, the lean coal and the bituminous coal are greatly different, the boiler has the problems of serious coking, over-temperature of a heating surface, large amount of temperature-reducing water, over-temperature of smoke at an SCR inlet and the like after the bituminous coal is blended and burned by a combustion system designed by the bituminous coal or the lean coal, the safe, stable and efficient operation of a unit is seriously influenced, and the boiler becomes one of the key problems of restricting the deep reduction of NOx emission of the blended and burned bituminous coal of the anthracite combustion system.
At present, the following technologies are mainly adopted to improve the coal type adaptability of the W flame boiler. Firstly, a W flame boiler coal blending combustion test is developed, and based on the unchanged coal blending combustion work of a W flame boiler combustion system, the boundary range of the coal quality of the existing combustion system of the W flame boiler is determined. The technology can obtain the coal type adaptation range of the W flame boiler under the condition that a combustion system is unchanged, improve the safety and stability of the mixed combustion operation of the W flame boiler, but cannot change the coal type adaptation of the W flame boiler. After the blending combustion test, the problem that the W flame boiler with low-volatile matter and difficult-to-combust coal is designed to fully combust high-volatile matter and easy-to-combust coal still exists, and the problem that the W flame boiler with high-volatile matter and easy-to-combust coal is designed to fully combust low-volatile matter and difficult-to-combust coal still cannot be solved. The other mode is cross-coal transformation, the W flame boiler combustion system with originally designed coal quality being low-volatile content and difficult-to-fire coal is redesigned and transformed according to high-volatile content and easy-to-fire coal, the transformed W flame boiler can safely and stably fully fire the bituminous coal, but does not have the capability of fully firing the low-volatile content coal quality and still cannot achieve full firing.
For a W flame boiler designed by mounting low-volatile-component difficult-to-burn coal in a combustion system, when high-volatile-component inflammable coal is used for combustion, because the ignition temperature of the high-volatile-component coal is far lower than that of the low-volatile-component coal, primary air jet flow quickly ignites when entering the boiler, the jet flow temperature is rapidly increased, and the volume rapidly expands, the rigidity of the upward jet flow is rapidly attenuated, the downward depth of the jet flow is shortened, the upward flow starts to turn at a short distance from a nozzle, and a short circuit phenomenon occurs, so that the flame center of the boiler moves upwards, the temperature reduction water amount of a superheater and a reheater is increased, the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of a hearth is increased, the temperature of the flue gas at the lower part of a lower hearth is reduced, the flame fullness is reduced, the heat absorption capacity of a water cooling wall is reduced, and the heat absorption of a heating surface of the boiler is influenced. In addition, because the over-fire air is designed according to the low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal, compared with the high-volatile-component coal quality, the over-fire air rate is low, and the air classification effect is not achieved, even if the high-volatile-component coal quality is completely combusted, NOxThe emission concentration is still high, NOxThere is a great reduction space. For the W flame boiler which is modified by taking high-volatile coal as design coal, when low-volatile coal is used for combustion, the problems of overhigh primary air speed, overhigh over-burning air rate and the like exist, the over-burning of the pulverized coal is influenced, and the problems of higher carbon content of large fly ash slag, delayed combustion and large desuperheating water amount of a superheater and a reheater can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides the W flame boiler which can fully combust both low-volatile matter difficult-to-combust coal and high-volatile matter inflammable coal, solves the problem that the W flame boiler can not simultaneously fully combust both low-volatile matter difficult-to-combust coal and high-volatile matter inflammable coal, and widens the application range of the W flame boiler coal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a W flame boiler suitable for difficult coal and easy coal of firing is equipped with and encircles last air adjusting device on this W flame boiler, includes:
the layer A perimeter air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the light coal powder nozzles on the arch;
the B layer double-layer peripheral air nozzles are arranged around the dense coal powder nozzles;
the layer C double-layer peripheral air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the oil gun nozzles;
the secondary air nozzles under the arch are provided with a plurality of layers and are sequentially distributed on the front wall and the rear wall of the lower hearth.
According to the invention, the peripheral air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the light coal powder nozzle and the concentrated coal powder nozzle, so that the air quantity of the air above the arch is adjusted under the condition of not changing the air speed of the secondary air nozzle, the momentum of the air jet flow above the arch is changed, and the downward depth of the jet flow is adjusted; meanwhile, the peripheral air nozzles are arranged around the oil gun nozzle, so that the air-up-arching adjustment is further performed. Thereby ensuring that the air is matched with the coal when different coals are used.
Furthermore, an over-fire air adjusting device is arranged on the W flame boiler and comprises over-fire air nozzles arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the upper hearth.
The double-layer over-fire air nozzles are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer over-fire air nozzles are horizontally arranged, and the lower layer over-fire air nozzles are downwards inclined by 5-15 DEG
The over-fire air is designed in a layered mode, and a reasonable over-fire air rate is set according to coal quality, so that the over-fire air rate is matched with coal quality of different coals.
Furthermore, the peripheral air nozzles on the layer A and the light coal powder nozzles on the arch are concentrically arranged.
The sizes, the wind speeds and the wind quantities of the arched light pulverized coal nozzles and the layer A peripheral wind nozzles are selected according to the design requirements of low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal quality, the jet flow wind speed of the arched light pulverized coal nozzles is selected to be 20m/s, and the jet flow wind speed of the layer A peripheral wind nozzles is selected to be 30-40 m/s.
Further, the double-layer peripheral air nozzle of the layer B is set into an inner layer and an outer layer, and comprises 2 circles of peripheral air nozzles which are concentrically arranged with the concentrated coal powder nozzle, and the inner peripheral air nozzle of the layer B and the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer B are respectively arranged from inside to outside.
The size, the wind speed and the wind quantity of the inner peripheral wind nozzle of the layer B are selected according to the design of low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal, and the jet flow wind speed of the inner peripheral wind nozzle of the layer B is selected to be 30-40 m/s; the size, the wind speed and the wind quantity of the peripheral wind nozzle outside the layer B are determined on the basis of subtracting the wind quantity of the peripheral wind nozzle inside the layer B from the high-volatile-content combustible coal, so that the total wind quantity of the peripheral wind nozzle inside and outside the layer B is ensured to be matched with the high-volatile-content combustible coal. In the operation process, the opening and the adjusting mode of the inner and outer peripheral air nozzles of the layer B are adjusted according to the quality of the coal entering the furnace.
Further, the double-layer peripheral air nozzle of the layer C is designed into an inner layer and an outer layer, comprises 2 circles of peripheral air which is concentrically arranged with the oil gun, and is respectively the inner peripheral air nozzle of the layer C and the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer C from inside to outside.
The jet flow direction of the inner periphery wind nozzle of the C layer is vertical to the front arch and the rear arch. The jet flow direction of the wind nozzle at the outer periphery of the C layer is vertical downwards.
The size, the wind speed and the wind quantity of the inner peripheral wind nozzle of the layer C are selected according to the design of the oil mass used for igniting the oil gun, and the oil gun is adjusted to be small and only used as cooling wind when the oil gun is stopped and low-volatile-component hard-to-fire coal is used; the C-layer outer peripheral air nozzle is put into operation when high-volatile and easily-fired coal is used, the size, the air speed and the air quantity of the nozzle are determined according to the total air quantity of the arch minus the air quantities of the layer A peripheral air and the layer B peripheral air, and the jet flow speed of the C-layer outer peripheral air nozzle is selected to be 10-30 m/s.
Further, the secondary air nozzles under the arch are divided into 3 layers and are sequentially arranged along the heights of the front wall and the rear wall of the lower hearth, the included angles between the jet flow direction of the air nozzles under the arch of each layer and the front wall and the rear wall are sequentially increased from top to bottom, the included angle between the jet flow direction of the air nozzles under the arch of the first layer and the front wall and the rear wall is 30-45 degrees, the included angle between the jet flow direction of the air nozzles under the arch of the second layer and the front wall and the rear wall is 40-60 degrees, and the included angle between the jet flow direction of the air nozzles under the arch of the third layer and the front wall and the rear wall is 50-90 degrees; and the second layer of under-arch air nozzles are used as the E layer of perimeter air nozzles and are concentrically arranged around the under-arch light coal powder nozzles.
The sizes, the wind speeds and the wind volumes of the under-arch light pulverized coal nozzles and the E-layer perimeter wind nozzles are selected according to the design requirements of high-volatile combustible coal, the jet flow wind speed of the under-arch light pulverized coal nozzles is selected to be 20-25 m/s, and the jet flow wind speed of the E-layer perimeter wind nozzles is selected to be 30-40 m/s.
Furthermore, a water drop-shaped blunt body which can freely move along the axial direction is arranged in the thick coal powder nozzle. The blunt body can move along the axial direction of the burner dense coal powder nozzle, is flexibly adjusted and is used for adjusting the air speed of the burner dense coal powder nozzle; the air speed adjusting range of the concentrated coal powder nozzle of the burner is adjusted to be 8-25 m/s through the bluff body, when the coal quality for combustion is low-volatile and difficult-to-combust coal, the bluff body is moved upwards to be away from the concentrated coal powder nozzle, the bluff body does not influence the air speed of the concentrated coal powder nozzle in a concentrated coal powder pipeline, the air speed distribution of the concentrated coal powder nozzle is uneven, and the speed is 8-12 m/s; when the coal quality for burning is high volatile component and easy to burn, the blunt body is moved down to close to the thick coal powder nozzle to shield part of the nozzle area, so as to increase the air speed of the thick coal powder nozzle, and the air speed of the nozzle is increased to about 20m/s under the condition of unchanged primary air volume.
When the low-volatile difficult-to-burn coal is used, pulverized coal ground by a pulverizing system is conveyed to a thick-thin separator of a burner through a pulverized coal pipeline, pulverized coal airflow is divided into thick pulverized coal airflow and thin pulverized coal airflow, an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle is closed, an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle is opened, the thin pulverized coal flows through the arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle and enters a hearth, and the thick pulverized coal airflow enters the hearth through the thick pulverized coal nozzle and is burnt; adjusting the arch upwind adjusting device to enable the ratio of the arch upwind to the arch downwind to be 1: 1; when high-volatile and easy-to-burn coal is used for combustion, pulverized coal ground by the coal grinding system is conveyed to the thick and thin separator of the combustor through a pulverized coal pipeline, pulverized coal airflow is divided into thick pulverized coal airflow and thin pulverized coal airflow, an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle is opened, an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle is closed, the thin pulverized coal airflow enters a hearth through the arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle, and the thick pulverized coal airflow enters the hearth through the thick pulverized coal nozzle for combustion; and adjusting the arch upwind adjusting device to enable the ratio of the arch upwind to the arch downwind to be 6: 4.
More specifically, when the low-volatile matter hard-to-burn coal is used, pulverized coal ground by the coal pulverizing system is conveyed to the thick-thin separator of the burner through a pulverized coal pipeline, the pulverized coal airflow is divided into a thick pulverized coal airflow and a thin pulverized coal airflow, an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle is closed, an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle is opened, the thin pulverized coal flows through the arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle and enters a hearth, and the thick pulverized coal airflow enters the hearth through the thick pulverized coal nozzle and is combusted; closing the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer B, closing the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer C, and adjusting the opening degrees of the peripheral air nozzle of the layer A, the peripheral air nozzle of the layer B, the peripheral air nozzle of the layer C and the secondary air nozzle under the arch to enable the ratio of the air above the arch to the air below the arch to be 1: 1; simultaneously opening the lower-layer over-fire air nozzle and closing the upper-layer over-fire air nozzle; when high-volatile and easy-to-burn coal is used for combustion, pulverized coal ground by the coal grinding system is conveyed to the thick and thin separator of the combustor through a pulverized coal pipeline, pulverized coal airflow is divided into thick pulverized coal airflow and thin pulverized coal airflow, an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle is opened, an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle is closed, the thin pulverized coal airflow enters a hearth through the arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle, and the thick pulverized coal airflow enters the hearth through the thick pulverized coal nozzle for combustion; and opening the layer B outer peripheral air nozzle, opening the layer C outer peripheral air nozzle, adjusting the opening degrees of the layer A peripheral air nozzle, the layer B peripheral air nozzle, the layer C peripheral air nozzle and the layer C secondary air nozzle to enable the ratio of the air above the arch to the air below the arch to be 6:4, and simultaneously opening the lower layer over-fire air nozzle and the upper layer over-fire air nozzle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention realizes full combustion by improving the concentrated coal powder nozzle, the oil gun nozzle and the over-fire air and matching the over-fire air and the over-fire air according to different coal qualities.
(1) The bluff body is arranged in the concentrated coal powder nozzle, and the position of the bluff body is adjusted to improve the air speed of the nozzle and adjust the jet rigidity of the concentrated coal powder airflow under the condition of unchanged primary air quantity.
(2) 2 circles of peripheral air are arranged around a dense coal powder nozzle, the inner layer of peripheral air is used for low-volatile-component hard-to-fire coal, and the outer layer of peripheral air is used for high-volatile-component easy-to-fire coal, so that the air quantity of the air above the arch is adjusted under the condition that the air speed of a secondary air nozzle is not changed, the jet momentum of the air above the arch is changed, and the downward depth of jet is adjusted.
(3) According to the method, 2 circles of perimeter air are arranged around a nozzle of an oil gun, the inner layer perimeter air is used for normal combustion of the oil gun, the outer layer perimeter air is used for improving the proportion of the air over the arch, the air quantity of the air over the arch can be further adjusted, the jet momentum of the air over the arch is changed, and the downward depth of jet flow is adjusted.
(4) And (3) providing a layered design of the over fire air, wherein the over fire air is delivered to one layer when low-volatile-component hard-fire coal is used, the air rate is controlled to be 12-20%, and the over fire air is delivered to two layers when high-volatile-component easy-fire coal is used, and the air rate is controlled to be 20-25%.
2. The invention improves the W flame boiler, effectively expands the coal adaptability of the W flame boiler, and realizes the full combustion of both low-volatile-component and high-volatile-component inflammable coal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the combustion system arrangement of a W flame boiler of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of bluff bodies in the concentrated coal powder nozzle pipeline in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the dense coal powder nozzles, the light coal powder nozzles, the oil guns and the peripheral wind on the arch in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of FIG. 3 taken from the direction A (showing only the spout);
fig. 5 is a schematic view of arrangement of a light coal powder nozzle and secondary air under an arch.
In the figure, 1-upper hearth, 2-lower hearth, 3-front arch, 4-rear arch, 5-1-dense coal powder spout, 5-2-1-arch upper light coal powder spout, 5-2-2-arch lower light coal powder spout, 5-3-dense-dilute separator, 6-oil gun, 7-1-upper layer over-fire air spout, 7-2-lower layer over-fire air spout, 9-1-front wall, 9-2-rear wall, 10-bluff body, 11-1-B layer inner peripheral air spout, 11-2-B layer outer peripheral air spout, 12-A layer peripheral air spout, 13-1-C layer inner peripheral air spout, 13-2-C layer outer peripheral air spout, 14-D layer secondary air spout, 15-E layer secondary air nozzles and 16-F layer secondary air nozzles.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The W flame boiler has the characteristics of larger lower hearth space, high temperature level in the boiler and long flame stroke, and is mainly used for burning low-volatile (anthracite and lean coal), high-ash and low-heat value hard-to-burn coal. In order to create good conditions for stable ignition and combustion of low-volatile coal, a W flame boiler combustion system is generally designed by adopting a low primary air speed (-8 m/s) to ensure the retention time of coal powder in a furnace, adopting a relatively small air-over-arch ratio (-50%) to reduce the air quantity of an ignition area and simultaneously avoid the temperature of the ignition area from obviously lowering, selecting a small air-over-fire rate (-15%) to prevent the flame center from moving upwards and simultaneously improve the coal powder burnout efficiency, and meanwhile, laying a large-area burning defending belt in the furnace to ensure that a main combustion area is in a quasi-adiabatic combustion state and improve the temperature of a hearth. When the coal quality for combustion is low-volatile-component hard-burning coal, the distribution proportion of the air from the upper arch to the lower arch, the temperature level in the furnace and the air rate of the air for over-burning can all be matched with the coal quality, and the low-volatile-component hard-burning coal can be stably combusted. When high-volatile combustible coal is used for combustion, the ignition temperature of the high-volatile combustible coal is far lower than that of low-volatile combustible coal, primary air jet flow enters a furnace to quickly ignite, the jet flow temperature is sharply increased, the volume is rapidly expanded, the rigidity of jet flow on an arch is sharply reduced, the downward depth of the jet flow is shortened, the jet flow starts to turn and flow upwards at a short distance from a nozzle, and a short circuit phenomenon occurs, so that the flame center of the boiler moves upwards, the temperature reduction water amount of a superheater and a reheater is increased, the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of a hearth is increased, the temperature of the flue gas at the lower part of a lower hearth is reduced, the flame fullness is reduced, the heat absorption capacity of a water cooling wall is reduced, and the heat absorption of a heating surface of the boiler is influenced. In addition, because the over-fire air is designed according to low-volatile-component hard-burning coal, compared with high-volatile-component coal quality, the over-fire air rate is low, the air classification effect is not achieved, even if the high-volatile-component coal quality is completely burnt, the NOx emission concentration is still high, and a great space for reducing NOx exists.
For a W flame boiler which is reformed by taking high-volatility coal as design coal, under the condition that the arrangement of a hearth and a heating surface cannot be changed, the method generally adopts the steps of increasing the primary air speed (20 m/s), the over-fire air rate (25 percent) and the air quantity of secondary air on an arch, and optimizing a partial refractory band, so that on one hand, the descending depth of coal powder jet flow on the arch is improved, the flame fullness of the lower hearth is improved, and the central position of the flame of the hearth is reduced; on the other hand, the reinforced furnaceInternal air staging for NO reductionxThe concentration of the emission. After the transformation, the W flame boiler can realize full-load section full-bituminous coal burning. However, when low-volatile coal is combusted, problems of overhigh primary air speed, overhigh over-fire air rate and the like exist, the over-fire of the pulverized coal is influenced, the carbon content of large fly ash slag is high, the combustion is delayed, and the amount of desuperheating water of a superheater and a reheater is large.
The invention provides a method for improving the jet rigidity of thick pulverized coal airflow, which is characterized in that a bluff body is arranged in a thick pulverized coal nozzle, and the air speed of the nozzle is improved and the jet rigidity of the thick pulverized coal airflow is adjusted under the condition that the primary air quantity is unchanged by adjusting the position of the bluff body; 2 circles of peripheral air are arranged around a dense pulverized coal nozzle, the inner layer of peripheral air is used for low-volatile-component hard-to-fire coal, and the outer layer of peripheral air is used for high-volatile-component easy-to-fire coal, so that the air quantity of the air above the arch is adjusted, the jet momentum of the air above the arch is changed, and the downward depth of jet is adjusted under the condition that the air speed of a secondary air nozzle is not changed; 2 circles of perimeter air are arranged around a nozzle of the oil gun, the inner layer perimeter air is used for normal combustion of the oil gun, the outer layer perimeter air is used for improving the proportion of the air over the arch, the air quantity of the air over the arch can be further adjusted, the jet momentum of the air over the arch is changed, and the downward depth of jet flow is adjusted; and (3) providing a layered design of over-fire air, setting a reasonable over-fire air rate according to the coal quality, delivering the over-fire air to a first layer when low-volatile-component hard-fire coal is used, controlling the air rate to be 12-20%, delivering the over-fire air to a second layer when high-volatile-component easy-fire coal is used, controlling the air rate to be 20-25%, and ensuring that the over-fire air rate is matched with the over-fire air rate when different coal qualities are used.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and novel points of the present invention more clearly illustrated, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a 660MW supercritical unit W flame boiler is taken as an example, and the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5. The W flame boiler comprises an upper hearth 1, a lower hearth 2, a hearth front arch 3, a hearth rear arch 4, a shade separation pulverized coal direct-current burner, an oil gun 6, an over-fire air nozzle and an arch lower secondary air nozzle.
Wherein, the concentration separation coal powder direct-current burners are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on a front arch 3 and a rear arch 4 of a hearth and consist of a concentration coal powder nozzle 5-1, a light coal powder nozzle and a concentration separator 5-3; the light coal powder nozzles are respectively arranged on the arch and under the arch, wherein the arrangement of the light coal powder nozzles on the arch is called as the light coal powder nozzles 5-2-1 on the arch, and the arrangement of the light coal powder nozzles under the arch is called as the light coal powder nozzles 5-2-2 under the arch; the arched light coal powder nozzles 5-2-1 are arranged on the inner side of the concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1 close to the center of the hearth, 1 circle of peripheral air nozzles are concentrically arranged around the nozzles and are called as layer A peripheral air nozzles 12, wherein the arched light coal powder nozzles 5-2-1 and the layer A peripheral air nozzles 12 are selected according to the design requirements of low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal quality, the air speed of the arched light coal powder nozzles 5-2-1 is selected to be 20m/s, and the air speed of the layer A peripheral air nozzles is selected to be 30-40 m/s. The under-arch light pulverized coal nozzles 5-2-2 are arranged on an under-arch front wall 9-1 and a back wall 9-2, the included angle between the jet flow direction of the nozzles and the front and back walls is 30-60 degrees, 1 circle of concentric peripheral air is also arranged around the nozzles and called as E-layer peripheral air nozzles (namely E-layer secondary air nozzles 15 shown in figure 5), the under-arch light pulverized coal nozzles 5-2-2 and the size, the air speed and the air quantity of the peripheral air E-layer secondary air nozzles 15 of the under-arch light pulverized coal nozzles are selected according to the design requirements of high-volatility combustible coal quality, the air speed of the under-arch light pulverized coal nozzles 5-2-2 is selected to be 20-25 m/s, and the air speed of the E-layer secondary air nozzles 15 is selected to be 30-40 m/s.
The size, the air speed and the air quantity of a burner thick pulverized coal nozzle 5-1 are selected according to the design of low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal, and the air speed of the thick pulverized coal nozzle 5-1 is selected to be 8-12 m/s; a water drop-shaped blunt body 10 (shown in figure 2) is arranged in the concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1, can move along the axial direction of the concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1 of the burner and can be flexibly adjusted to adjust the air speed of the concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1 of the burner; the air speed adjusting range of a concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1 of the burner is adjusted to be 8-25 m/s through the bluff body, when coal for combustion is low-volatile and difficult-to-combust coal, the bluff body 10 is moved upwards to be far away from the concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1, the bluff body does not influence the air speed of the concentrated coal powder nozzle in a concentrated coal powder pipeline, the air speed of the concentrated coal powder nozzle 5-1 is uniformly distributed, and the speed is 8-12 m/s; when the coal quality for burning is high volatile component and easy to burn, the blunt body 10 is moved down to be close to the thick coal powder nozzle 5-1, part of the nozzle area is shielded, the air speed of the thick coal powder nozzle 5-1 is increased, and the air speed of the nozzle is increased to about 20m/s under the condition that the primary air volume is unchanged.
2 circles of peripheral air nozzles are concentrically arranged around the burner dense coal powder nozzle 5-1 and are respectively called as a B layer inner peripheral air nozzle 11-1 and a B layer outer peripheral air nozzle 11-2, and the air quantity of the nozzles can be flexibly adjusted; the size of the inner peripheral air nozzle 11-1 of the layer B, the air speed and the air quantity are selected according to the design of low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal, and the air speed of the inner peripheral air nozzle of the layer B is selected to be 30-40 m/s. The size of the outer peripheral air nozzle 11-2 of the layer B, the air speed and the air quantity are determined according to the high-volatile-component coal on the basis of subtracting the air quantity of the inner peripheral air nozzle 11-1 of the layer B, and the total air quantity of the inner peripheral air nozzle and the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer B is ensured to be matched with the high-volatile-component coal. In the operation process, the opening and the adjusting mode of the inner and outer peripheral air nozzles of the layer B are adjusted according to the quality of the coal entering the furnace.
The oil guns 6 correspond to the concentrated and dilute separation coal powder direct-current burners one by one, are arranged on the front arch 3 and the rear arch 4 of the hearth, are positioned outside the concentrated coal powder nozzles and are close to the front wall and the rear wall; two circles of peripheral air are concentrically arranged around the nozzle of the oil gun and are respectively called as an inner peripheral air nozzle 13-1 of the layer C and an outer peripheral air nozzle 13-2 of the layer C. The jet flow directions of the oil gun 6 and the inner peripheral air nozzle 13-1 of the C layer are vertical to the front arch 3 and the rear arch 4, and the outer peripheral air nozzle 13-2 of the C layer is vertical downwards and is parallel to the front wall and the rear wall. The size, the wind speed and the wind quantity of the inner peripheral wind nozzle 13-1 of the layer C are selected according to the oil mass design for ignition of the oil gun, and when the oil gun is stopped and low-volatile-component hard-to-fire coal is used, the air gun is adjusted to be small and only used as cooling wind; the outer peripheral air nozzle 13-2 of the layer C is put into operation when high-volatile and easily-fired coal is used for combustion, the nozzle size, the air speed and the air quantity are determined by subtracting the air quantities of the layer A air and the layer B air from the total air quantity designed on the arch, and the air speed of the outer peripheral air nozzle 13-2 of the layer C is selected to be 10-30 m/s.
The arch secondary air nozzles 8 are arranged on a front wall 9-1 and a rear wall 9-2 of the lower hearth in a layered mode and are divided into 3 layers which are respectively called as a D-layer secondary air nozzle 14, an E-layer secondary air nozzle 15 and an F-layer secondary air nozzle 16, wherein the E-layer secondary air nozzle is used as peripheral air of the arch-lower light coal powder nozzle 5-2-2 and is arranged concentrically with the arch-lower light coal powder nozzle 5-2-2, and the other 2 layers are sequentially arranged along the height of the front wall and the rear wall of the lower hearth; the included angle exists between the jet flow direction of each layer of secondary air nozzle and the front wall and the rear wall under the arch, the included angle is increased from top to bottom in sequence, the included angle between the jet flow of the secondary air nozzle on the D layer and the front wall and the rear wall is 30-45 degrees, the included angle between the jet flow of the secondary air nozzle on the E layer and the front wall and the rear wall is 35-60 degrees, and the included angle between the jet flow of the secondary air nozzle on the F layer and the front wall and the rear wall is 50-90 degrees. The jet flow speed of the secondary air nozzles on the D layer is selected to be 5-10 m/s, the jet flow speed of the secondary air nozzles on the E layer is selected to be 5-10 m/s, the jet flow speed of the secondary air nozzles on the F layer is selected to be 20-30 m/s, and the operation of the secondary air nozzles under the arch is adjusted according to the coal quality for combustion.
The over-fire air nozzles are arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the upper hearth 1 and are divided into two layers, the lower layer of over-fire air nozzles 7-1 are inclined downwards by 5 degrees, and the upper layer of over-fire air nozzles 7-2 are horizontally arranged; the air speed of the lower-layer over-fire air nozzle is 7-1, is 30-40 m/s, and the air quantity accounts for 12-20% of the total air quantity, so that the requirement of air classification of low-volatile-component flame-retardant coal for combustion is met; the upper-layer over-fire air nozzle 7-2 has the air speed of 35-45 m/s, the air quantity accounts for 10-15% of the total air quantity, and the upper-layer over-fire air nozzle and the lower-layer over-fire air nozzle 7-1 are put into operation simultaneously, so that the requirement of grading air for burning high-volatile-component easy-to-fire coal is met.
The invention W flame boiler fires and uses the adjustment method of the difficult coal of low volatile component, the pulverized coal of specific fineness ground by the pulverizing system is conveyed to the burner dense-dilute separator 5-3 through the coal dust pipeline, divide the pulverized coal air current into dense pulverized coal air current and light pulverized coal air current, close the light pulverized coal spout 5-2-2 under the arch, open the light pulverized coal spout 5-2-1 on the arch, the light pulverized coal air flows through the light pulverized coal spout 5-2-1 on the arch and enters the burner hearth, the dense pulverized coal air flows through the dense pulverized coal spout 5-1 and enters the burner hearth to burn; and (3) closing the outer peripheral air nozzle 11-2 of the layer B, closing the outer peripheral air nozzle 13-2 of the layer C, adjusting the opening degrees of the peripheral air nozzle 12 of the layer A, the inner peripheral air nozzle 11-1 of the layer B, the inner peripheral air nozzle 13-1 of the layer C and the secondary air of each layer under the arch according to the steam temperature condition to ensure that the ratio of the air above the arch to the air below the arch is about 1:1, opening the lower layer over-fire air nozzle 7-1 and closing the upper layer over-fire air nozzle 7-2.
A method for adjusting high-volatile-component easy-to-fire coal for W-flame boiler combustion comprises the steps of conveying specific-fineness pulverized coal ground by a pulverizing system to a thick-thin separator 5-3 of a combustor through a pulverized coal pipeline, dividing pulverized coal airflow into thick pulverized coal airflow and thin pulverized coal airflow, opening an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle 5-2-2, closing an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle 5-2-1, allowing the thin pulverized coal airflow to enter a hearth through the arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle 5-2-2, and allowing the thick pulverized coal airflow to enter the hearth for combustion through the thick pulverized coal nozzle 5-1; and opening 11-2 of the layer B outer peripheral air nozzle and 13-2 of the layer C outer peripheral air nozzle, adjusting the opening degrees of the layer A peripheral air nozzle, the layer B peripheral air nozzle, the layer C peripheral air nozzle and the layer C under-arch secondary air nozzle according to the steam temperature condition, so that the ratio of the air over the arch to the air under the arch is about 6:4, improving the ratio of the air over the arch, and simultaneously opening 7-1 of the lower layer of over-fire air and 7-2 of the upper layer of over-fire air.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides a W flame boiler suitable for difficult coal and easy coal-fired which characterized in that, be equipped with on the W flame boiler and encircle last wind adjusting device, includes:
the layer A perimeter air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the light coal powder nozzles on the arch;
the B layer double-layer peripheral air nozzles are arranged around the dense coal powder nozzles;
the layer C double-layer peripheral air nozzles are arranged on the periphery of the oil gun nozzles;
the secondary air nozzles under the arch are provided with a plurality of layers and are sequentially distributed on the front wall and the rear wall of the lower hearth.
2. The W-flame boiler of claim 1, further comprising a double-layer over-fire air adjusting device including over-fire air nozzles disposed on the front and rear walls of the upper furnace.
3. The W-flame boiler of claim 2, wherein the a-tier peripheral wind ports are concentrically arranged with the archway light pulverized coal ports.
4. The W-flame boiler according to claim 3, wherein the B-layer double-layer peripheral air nozzle is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, and comprises 2 circles of peripheral air nozzles concentrically arranged with the concentrated coal powder nozzles, and the inner peripheral air nozzle of the B-layer and the outer peripheral air nozzle of the B-layer are respectively arranged from inside to outside.
5. The W-flame boiler according to claim 4, wherein the C-layer double-layer peripheral air nozzle is arranged in an inner layer and an outer layer, and comprises 2 circles of peripheral air which is concentrically arranged with the oil gun, and the inner peripheral air nozzle of the C-layer and the outer peripheral air nozzle of the C-layer are respectively arranged from inside to outside.
6. The W-flame boiler of claim 5, wherein the jet direction of the C-layer inner peripheral wind jets is perpendicular to the front arch and the rear arch; and the jet flow direction of the wind nozzle at the outer periphery of the C layer is vertical downward.
7. The W-flame boiler according to claim 6, wherein the under-arch secondary air nozzles are divided into 3 layers, the layers are sequentially arranged along the height of the front wall and the rear wall of the lower hearth, the included angles between the jet flow directions of the under-arch nozzles of the layers from top to bottom and the front wall and the rear wall are sequentially increased, the included angle between the jet flow direction of the under-arch nozzle of the first layer and the front wall and the included angle between the jet flow direction of the under-arch nozzle of the second layer and the front wall and the rear wall are respectively between 40 and 60 degrees, and the included angle between the jet flow direction of the under-arch nozzle of the third layer and the front wall and the rear wall are respectively between 50 and 90 degrees; and the second layer of under-arch air nozzles are used as the E layer of perimeter air nozzles and are concentrically arranged around the under-arch light coal powder nozzles.
8. The W-flame boiler of claim 7, wherein the double-layer over-fire air nozzles are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer over-fire air nozzles are horizontally arranged, and the lower layer over-fire air nozzles are inclined downwards by 5-15 degrees.
9. The W-flame boiler according to claim 8, wherein a drop-shaped bluff body is built in the concentrated pulverized coal nozzle.
10. The method for regulating a W-flame boiler as defined in claim 1, wherein when the low volatile matter refractory coal is used, the pulverized coal ground by the pulverizing system is delivered to the burner rich-lean separator through a pulverized coal pipe, the pulverized coal airflow is divided into a concentrated pulverized coal airflow and a lean pulverized coal airflow, the under-arch lean pulverized coal nozzle is closed, the over-arch lean pulverized coal nozzle is opened, the lean pulverized coal flows through the over-arch lean pulverized coal nozzle and enters the furnace chamber, and the concentrated pulverized coal airflow enters the furnace chamber through the rich pulverized coal nozzle and is combusted; adjusting the arch upwind adjusting device to enable the ratio of the arch upwind to the arch downwind to be 1: 1; when high-volatile and easy-to-burn coal is used for combustion, pulverized coal ground by the coal grinding system is conveyed to the thick and thin separator of the combustor through a pulverized coal pipeline, pulverized coal airflow is divided into thick pulverized coal airflow and thin pulverized coal airflow, an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle is opened, an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle is closed, the thin pulverized coal airflow enters a hearth through the arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle, and the thick pulverized coal airflow enters the hearth through the thick pulverized coal nozzle for combustion; and adjusting the arch upwind adjusting device to enable the ratio of the arch upwind to the arch downwind to be 6: 4.
11. The conditioning method according to claim 8, wherein when the low volatile matter refractory coal is used, pulverized coal ground by the pulverizing system is conveyed to the burner rich-lean separator through a pulverized coal pipeline, the pulverized coal airflow is divided into a concentrated pulverized coal airflow and a lean pulverized coal airflow, an arch-down lean pulverized coal nozzle is closed, an arch-up lean pulverized coal nozzle is opened, the lean pulverized coal flows through the arch-up lean pulverized coal nozzle and enters the furnace chamber, and the concentrated pulverized coal airflow enters the furnace chamber through the rich pulverized coal nozzle and is combusted; closing the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer B, closing the outer peripheral air nozzle of the layer C, and adjusting the opening degrees of the peripheral air nozzle of the layer A, the peripheral air nozzle of the layer B, the peripheral air nozzle of the layer C and the secondary air nozzle under the arch to enable the ratio of the air above the arch to the air below the arch to be 1: 1; simultaneously opening the lower-layer over-fire air nozzle and closing the upper-layer over-fire air nozzle; when high-volatile and easy-to-burn coal is used for combustion, pulverized coal ground by the coal grinding system is conveyed to the thick and thin separator of the combustor through a pulverized coal pipeline, pulverized coal airflow is divided into thick pulverized coal airflow and thin pulverized coal airflow, an arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle is opened, an arch-upper thin pulverized coal nozzle is closed, the thin pulverized coal airflow enters a hearth through the arch-lower thin pulverized coal nozzle, and the thick pulverized coal airflow enters the hearth through the thick pulverized coal nozzle for combustion; and opening the layer B outer peripheral air nozzle, opening the layer C outer peripheral air nozzle, adjusting the opening degrees of the layer A peripheral air nozzle, the layer B peripheral air nozzle, the layer C peripheral air nozzle and the layer C secondary air nozzle to enable the ratio of the air above the arch to the air below the arch to be 6:4, and simultaneously opening the lower layer over-fire air nozzle and the upper layer over-fire air nozzle.
12. The adjusting method according to claim 11, wherein when the low-volatile-component hard-to-burn coal is used, the drop-shaped bluff body arranged in the concentrated coal powder nozzle moves away from the concentrated coal powder nozzle along the axial direction, and the jet flow speed of the concentrated coal powder nozzle is adjusted to be 8-12 m/s; when the high-volatile and easily-burnt coal is used, the water drop-shaped bluff body arranged in the concentrated coal powder nozzle moves axially to be close to the concentrated coal powder nozzle, and the jet flow speed of the concentrated coal powder nozzle is adjusted to be 20 m/s.
13. The adjusting method according to claim 12, wherein the jet flow speed of the peripheral air nozzles in the B layer is 30-40 m/s, the jet flow speed of the peripheral air nozzles in the C layer is 10-30 m/s, the jet flow speed of the secondary air nozzles under the first layer of arches is 5-10 m/s, the jet flow speed of the secondary air nozzles under the second layer of arches is 5-10 m/s, the jet flow speed of the secondary air nozzles under the third layer of arches is 20-30 m/s, the jet flow speed of the over-fire air nozzles at the upper layer is 35-45 m/s, and the jet flow speed of the over-fire air nozzles at the lower layer is 30-40 m/s.
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