CN113530444B - Ultra-short radius horizontal well drilling and completion process - Google Patents

Ultra-short radius horizontal well drilling and completion process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113530444B
CN113530444B CN202110905373.3A CN202110905373A CN113530444B CN 113530444 B CN113530444 B CN 113530444B CN 202110905373 A CN202110905373 A CN 202110905373A CN 113530444 B CN113530444 B CN 113530444B
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flexible high
pressure hose
well
pressure
cavity
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CN113530444A (en
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张百双
孙波
张超
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Daqing Jiajing Petroleum Engineering Technology Co ltd
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Daqing Jiajing Petroleum Engineering Technology Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04Directional drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

A process for drilling and completing a horizontal well with an ultra-short radius relates to the technical field of drilling methods and comprises the following steps: the well drilling process comprises the following steps: forming a cavity on the side surface of the sleeve at the designed depth and the designed direction; putting a whipstock underground; and (4) putting the sidetracking pipe column into the well, and converting the vertical direction into the horizontal direction under the guidance of the whipstock. The well completion process comprises the following steps: the lower end of the oil pipe column is hermetically connected with a flexible high-pressure hose; a flexible high-pressure hose is put into the horizontal well; the method comprises the following steps that hydraulic pressure is injected into a flexible high-pressure hose, the flexible high-pressure hose is expanded into a cylindrical shape under the hydraulic pressure, and the pressure is stabilized after the hydraulic pressure reaches a set value; in the pressure stabilizing stage, injecting cement into a horizontal well hole outside the flexible high-pressure hose through an annular cavity between the oil pipe and the casing pipe for well cementation; after the cement is solidified, the hydraulic pressure in the flexible high-pressure hose is discharged, so that the flexible high-pressure hose is restored to a soft state and is convenient to draw out. After the invention is applied, the workload of cutting the casing is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved; the diameter of the side drilling hole is increased, and the well can be fixed in the later period.

Description

Ultra-short radius horizontal well drilling and completion process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of well drilling methods, and particularly relates to a process for drilling and completing a horizontal well with an ultra-short radius.
Background
With the progress of exploration technology and the improvement of exploration degree, the proportion of the low-permeability oil field geological reserve in the newly-added exploration geological reserve is larger and larger, and according to incomplete statistics, the low-permeability reserve accounts for 17.5% in the movable petroleum reserve and reaches up to 72.8% in the unused geological reserve at present. The drilling means and development of the horizontal well are effective important methods for improving the exploitation rate of a low-permeability oil layer.
Because of the limitation of the diameter of the casing pipe, the sidetracking tool cannot directly rotate 90 degrees in the casing pipe to spread horizontal drilling (the length of a general drilling tool is several times of the diameter of the casing pipe), methods such as large radius, medium radius, small radius, ultrashort radius and the like are successively generated in the horizontal drilling for developing the horizontal drilling, and because the large radius, the medium radius and the small radius have the defects of high cost, long period, low medium target rate and the like, the sidetracking tool is basically abandoned.
The prior art has two methods for realizing ultra-short radius drilling, one of which is as follows: firstly, drilling and milling a casing (generally, the length of the milled casing is required to be 15-20 m); then, in the section, the purpose of reaming is to realize the rotation of the sidetracking tool, and the included angle between the sidetracking tool and the horizontal direction is reduced as much as possible. The disadvantages of this method are: the cutting amount of the sleeve is large, the operation time is long, and the work efficiency is not favorably improved. A second method of achieving ultra-short radius drilling is as described in application nos.: CN201010172003.5, using a radial guide to open a window, this method requires that the diameter of the sidetrack tool must be small, otherwise it cannot turn in the radial guide, so this method has the disadvantages that the sidetrack horizontal well has a small diameter, the well can not be fixed in the later period, the horizontal hole is closed because it cannot be supported, it is not good for improving the fluidity of the reservoir well fluid, it is not good for increasing the productivity.
Based on the two points, the existing ultra-short radius drilling method has the following problems: or the cutting amount of the casing is large, the working time is long, or the diameter of a lateral drilling horizontal well is small, and the well cementation can not be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a process for drilling and completing a horizontal well with an ultra-short radius, and the invention simultaneously overcomes the defects in the two methods in the prior art. After the invention is applied, the work load of cutting the casing is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved; the diameter of the side drilling hole is increased, and the well can be fixed in the later period.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a drilling and completion process for an ultra-short radius horizontal well comprises the following steps:
the drilling process comprises the following steps:
a: forming a cavity on the side surface of the sleeve at the designed depth and the designed direction, wherein the vertical height and the horizontal width of the cavity are both larger than the total length of the sidetracking tool, and the thickness of the cavity in the direction vertical to the height and the width is larger than the maximum diameter of the sidetracking tool; the side wall of the sleeve corresponding to the cavity is provided with a long hole in the vertical direction;
b: putting a whipstock underground;
c: a sidetracking drilling pipe column is put into a well, and a sidetracking tool passes through a long hole in the side wall of the casing under the guidance of a whipstock and is converted from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction;
d: opening a sidetracking tool to drill a horizontal borehole;
the well completion process comprises the following steps:
e: the lower end of an oil pipe column is hermetically connected with a flexible high-pressure hose, and a spiral spring is placed in the flexible high-pressure hose; d, putting a flexible high-pressure hose into the horizontal borehole obtained in the step D under the support of a spiral spring;
f: hydraulic pressure is injected into the flexible high-pressure hose through an inner cavity of the oil pipe column, the flexible high-pressure hose is expanded into a cylindrical shape under the hydraulic pressure, and the pressure is stabilized after the hydraulic pressure reaches a set value;
g: in the pressure stabilizing stage of the step F, injecting cement into a horizontal borehole outside the flexible high-pressure hose through an annular cavity between the oil pipe and the casing pipe for well cementation;
h: and D, after the cement in the step G is solidified, discharging the hydraulic pressure in the flexible high-pressure hose through the oil pipe column to enable the flexible high-pressure hose to recover the soft state, and pumping out the flexible high-pressure hose from the horizontal well section.
The outer surface of the flexible high-pressure hose is provided with a raised column, the raised column and the flexible high-pressure hose are of an integrated structure, and a hard block matched with the inner diameter of the raised column is arranged in the raised column.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. compared with the prior art, the invention only processes the cavity capable of accommodating the side drilling tool on the side wall of the casing, thereby greatly reducing the cutting amount, greatly shortening the operation period and being more beneficial to improving the operation efficiency.
2. Compared with the prior art that the downhole guider is used for windowing, the sidetracking tool does not need to be bent to pass through the downhole guider, and only the maximum outer diameter of the sidetracking tool is smaller than the inner diameter of the casing, so that the diameter selectivity of the sidetracking tool is larger, the size of a drilled horizontal well hole is larger, and the later-stage well cementation is facilitated.
3. Compared with the prior art which cannot fix the well, the invention ensures that the surface of the flexible high-pressure hose has the hardness of a hard pipe by pressing the flexible high-pressure hose, and then injects cement between the flexible high-pressure hose and the horizontal well hole for well fixing, thereby forming a stable well hole channel and avoiding the closure of the hole due to the incapability of supporting.
4. The outer surface of the flexible high-pressure hose is provided with a raised column, the raised column and the flexible high-pressure hose are of an integrated structure, a hard block matched with the inner diameter of the raised column is arranged in the raised column, and after the flexible high-pressure hose is pressurized, the raised column is supported in a well hole, so that through holes which are uniformly distributed are reserved on a well cementation cement ring after well cementation is finished, stratum crude oil can flow into a horizontal well hole through the holes, and perforating operation after well cementation is omitted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cavity opened in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the sidetracking tool of the present invention after the direction of rotation has been completed in the cavity.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the flexible high-pressure hose and its outer surface according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the whipstock of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a flexible drive shaft; 2. a power motor; 3. a drill bit; 4. a cavity; 5. a whipstock; 501. an inclined plane body; 502. a wheel A; 503. a cavity housing 504, wheel B; 505. a piston; 506. a spring; 507. a wheel C; 6. a flexible high pressure hose; 7. a raised post; 8. a hard mass.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below.
The invention includes drilling and completion processes.
The drilling process comprises the following steps:
a: a cavity 4 is formed in the side face of the casing at the designed depth and the designed direction, the vertical height and the horizontal width of the cavity 4 are both larger than the total length of the sidetracking tool, and the thickness of the cavity 4 in the direction perpendicular to the height and the width is larger than the maximum diameter of the sidetracking tool; the side wall of the sleeve corresponding to the cavity 4 is provided with a long hole in the vertical direction.
B: placing a whipstock 5 downhole;
c: a sidetracking pipe column is lowered into the well, and a sidetracking tool passes through a long hole in the side wall of the casing under the guidance of a whipstock 5, and the sidetracking tool is changed into the horizontal direction from the vertical direction;
d: opening a sidetracking tool and drilling a horizontal borehole;
compared with the drilling and milling casing, the invention only provides a cavity 4 which is convenient for the steering of the sidetracking tool, not only does not completely damage the casing, but also has smaller work task, thus being beneficial to quick completion, and the casing can be repaired again by a cementing mode after the sidetracking is finished.
The drilling tool for the drilling process of the present embodiment includes: including a hole 4 string and a sidetrack string.
Open 4 tubular columns in cavity include oil pipe tubular column, power motor 2, flexible transmission shaft 1, drill bit 3 and the ware of windowing of leading in the pit, oil pipe tubular column and power motor 2 fixed connection, flexible transmission shaft 1 is connected power motor 2 and drill bit 3, the ware upper end of windowing of leading in the pit has radial blind hole, the lower part has the axial blind hole, radial blind hole and axial blind hole become drilling tool direction passageway through the circular arc hole intercommunication, drill bit 3 and flexible transmission shaft 1 can pass through drilling tool direction passageway.
The process of opening the cavity 4 is as follows: the open cavity 4 pipe column is lowered to a preset depth, the power motor 2 is started, the drill bit 3 continues to horizontally drill after drilling the sleeve, the drilling depth is s1, s1 is greater than the total length of the connection between the power motor 2 and the drill bit 3 in the well completion pipe column, and then the drill bit 3 is stopped and withdrawn; the cavity 4 string is lifted up to a height h1, h1 is smaller than the radius of the drill bit 3, and the drilling and lifting actions are repeated again until a square or right-angled triangular cavity 4 is drilled in the side of the casing.
The sidetracking pipe column comprises an oil pipe column, a flexible transmission shaft 1, a power motor 2, a drill bit 3 and a whipstock 5, wherein the flexible transmission shaft 1 connects the oil pipe column with the power motor 2, and an output shaft of the power motor 2 is connected with the drill bit 3.
In order to ensure that a sidetracking tool composed of a power motor 2 and a drill bit 3 can turn in a cavity 4 to be in a horizontal state, the structure of the whipstock 5 is innovatively designed, the structure of the whipstock 5 comprises a cavity shell 503, a piston 505 is arranged in the cavity shell in a sliding and sealing mode, the piston 505 divides the inner cavity of the cavity shell 503 into an upper cavity body and a lower cavity body, a communicating hole which is communicated with the upper cavity body and the lower cavity body is arranged on the piston 505, a spring 506 is arranged below the piston 505, the upper end of the piston 505 extends out of the cavity shell 503, an inclined plane body 501 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston 505, the upper end of the inclined plane body 501 is an inclined plane, the inner cavity of the inclined plane body 501 is connected with a wheel A502 through a shaft, a clockwork spring is arranged on the shaft, a wheel B504 is connected to the piston 505 in the upper cavity through a shaft, a wheel C507 is connected to the upper cavity through a shaft, the wheel C507 is matched with the piston 505 through teeth, so that when the piston 505 axially moves, the driving wheel C507 rotates, the same rope is wound by the wheel A502, the wheel B504 and the wheel in sequence. The working principle of the whipstock 5 is as follows: in an initial state, the inclined plane body 501 of the whipstock 5 is located in the middle of the cavity 4, the cavity shell 503 of the whipstock 5 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the casing below the cavity 4, when the sidetracking tool goes down a well and meets the inclined plane body 501, the inclined plane body tilts, but because the sidetracking tool is long, the initial vertical tilt angle is not large, under the pressure of the weight of the sidetracking tool, liquid in the lower cavity is squeezed out from the axial through hole of the piston 505, the piston 505 of the whipstock 5 slowly descends, the part of the lower end of the sidetracking tool entering the cavity 4 in the descending process is increased, the whole vertical tilt angle of the sidetracking tool is increased, meanwhile, the wheel A502 is in contact with the sidetracking tool, the wheel A502 rotates, the sidetracking tool is continuously pushed into the cavity 4, and the sidetracking tool is finally converted from a vertical state to a horizontal state.
The well completion process comprises the following steps:
e: the lower end of an oil pipe column is hermetically connected with a flexible high-pressure hose 6, and a spiral spring is placed in the flexible high-pressure hose 6; and D, a flexible high-pressure hose 6 is put into the horizontal borehole obtained in the step D under the support of a spiral spring.
F: through the oil pipe tubular column inner chamber, squeeze into hydraulic pressure in flexible high-pressure hose 6, flexible high-pressure hose 6 is strutted into cylindrically under hydraulic pressure, and hydraulic pressure reaches the steady voltage after the setting value.
G: in the pressure stabilizing stage of the step F, injecting cement into a horizontal borehole outside the flexible high-pressure hose 6 through an annular cavity between the oil pipe and the casing pipe for well cementation;
h: and D, after the cement in the step G is solidified, discharging the hydraulic pressure in the flexible high-pressure hose 6 through the oil pipe column, so that the flexible high-pressure hose 6 is restored to a soft state, and pumping out the flexible high-pressure hose from the horizontal well section.
The outer surface of the flexible high-pressure hose 6 is provided with a convex column 7, the convex column 7 and the flexible high-pressure hose 6 are of an integrated structure, a hard block 8 matched with the inner diameter of the convex column 7 is arranged in the convex column 7, and after the flexible high-pressure hose 6 is pressurized, the convex column 7 is supported in a well hole, so that through holes which are uniformly distributed are reserved on a well cementation cement ring after well cementation is finished, stratum crude oil can flow into the interior of the horizontal well hole through the holes, and perforating operation after well cementation is omitted.
According to the invention, the surface of the flexible high-pressure hose 6 has the hardness of a hard pipe by pressing the flexible high-pressure hose 6, and then cement is injected between the flexible high-pressure hose 6 and a horizontal borehole for well cementation, so that a stable borehole channel can be formed, and the situation that the borehole is closed due to incapability of supporting is avoided.

Claims (2)

1. A drilling and completion process for an ultra-short radius horizontal well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the drilling process comprises the following steps:
a: a cavity (4) is formed in the side face of the sleeve at the design depth and the design direction, the vertical height and the horizontal width of the cavity (4) are both larger than the total length of the sidetracking tool, and the thickness of the cavity (4) in the direction perpendicular to the height and the width is larger than the maximum diameter of the sidetracking tool; a long hole in the vertical direction is formed in the side wall of the sleeve corresponding to the cavity (4);
b: putting a whipstock (5) underground;
c: a sidetracking pipe column is lowered into the well, and a sidetracking tool passes through a long hole in the side wall of the casing under the guidance of a whipstock (5) and is changed into the horizontal direction from the vertical direction;
d: opening a sidetracking tool to drill a horizontal borehole;
the well completion process comprises the following steps:
e: the lower end of an oil pipe column is hermetically connected with a flexible high-pressure hose, and a spiral spring is placed in the flexible high-pressure hose; d, a flexible high-pressure hose is put into the horizontal well hole obtained in the step D under the support of a spiral spring;
f: hydraulic pressure is injected into the flexible high-pressure hose through an inner cavity of the oil pipe column, the flexible high-pressure hose is expanded into a cylindrical shape under the hydraulic pressure, and the pressure is stabilized after the hydraulic pressure reaches a set value;
g: in the pressure stabilizing stage of the step F, injecting cement into a horizontal well hole on the outer side of the flexible high-pressure hose through an annular cavity between the oil pipe and the casing pipe for well cementation;
h: and D, after the cement in the step G is solidified, discharging the hydraulic pressure in the flexible high-pressure hose through the oil pipe column to enable the flexible high-pressure hose to recover the soft state, and pumping out the flexible high-pressure hose from the horizontal well section.
2. The ultra-short radius horizontal well drilling and completion process of claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the flexible high-pressure hose is provided with a raised column, the raised column and the flexible high-pressure hose are of an integrated structure, and a hard block matched with the inner diameter of the raised column is arranged in the raised column.
CN202110905373.3A 2021-08-09 2021-08-09 Ultra-short radius horizontal well drilling and completion process Active CN113530444B (en)

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CN113530444B true CN113530444B (en) 2022-07-19

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