CN113529421B - 浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线及其制备方法，本发明的方法包括以下步骤：1、配置聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液；2、制备熔融态石蜡材料；3、以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝涂层为表层，以石蜡为中间层，以涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝复合纱线或纯涤纶纱线为芯纱，通过涂覆法制备涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝/石蜡复合纱线。本发明的优点为：1、具有光热转换功能，光热转换效率较高；2、具有相变功能，可实现储热调温；3、制备方法简单、经济、快速；4、使用寿命长，形稳性较好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光热相变复合纱线的制备方法，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线及其制备方法。
背景技术
开发功能性纺织材料是目前纺织行业的一个趋势，随着经济社会的发展，纺织材料除了常规的保暖、遮盖之外，还应具有许多功能性的特点，如相变调温、光热转换、导电等。
Li等人以碳化锆为光热转换材料，通过湿法纺丝法制备了具有光热效应的粘胶复合纤维。该复合纤维的近红外光吸收率可达90％，用红外灯照射60s时，与原粘胶纤维相比，其温度可提高39.4℃(Li C,Li L,Li J,et al.Fabrication and characterisation ofviscose fibre with photoinduced heat-generating properties[J].Cellulose,2019,26(3):1631-1640)。Xi等人通过静电纺丝法制备了超细弹性聚氨酯相变纤维。该纤维直径为300-1500nm，相变潜热为80.99J/g(Xi P,Zhao T,Xia L,et al.Fabrication andcharacterization of dual-functional ultrafine composite fibers with phase-change energy storage and luminescence properties[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:40390.)。Yang等人以三聚氰胺海绵为支撑材料，以石蜡为相变材料，以还原氧化石墨烯和碳化锆为光热转换材料和导热添加剂，制备了复合相变材料。该复合相变材料具有较好的形状稳定性及优异的储热能力，相变潜热为137J/g，光热转换效率可达81％，与纯石蜡相比，导热系数增加了121％(Yang J,Jia Y,Bing N,et al.Reduced graphene oxide andzirconium carbide co-modified melamine sponge/paraffin wax composites as newform-stable phase change materials for photothermal energy conversion andstorage[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2019,163:114412.)。在目前已有的制备方法中，大多集中于多孔基复合相变储热材料、光热转换材料等单方面的研究，而光热转换协同相变调温功能的研究尚比较少。同时，大多数的研究针对于纤维或织物表面，以纱线为载体的功能性研究相对较少，而且存在工艺复杂、繁琐、生产效率低下等问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对以上不足，提供一种浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线及其制备方法。
浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将碳化锆和氧化铝加入到聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液中，搅拌均匀，然后进行超声震荡，制成聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液；
步骤2、将涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线或涤纶纱线顺次通过装有熔融态石蜡的浆槽和装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液的浆槽及浆纱机的烘筒，制得涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线或涤纶/石蜡/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线；
所述涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线的制备方法为：将涤纶纱线顺次通过装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液的浆槽及浆纱机的烘筒，制得涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线。进一步的，纱线通过浆槽的速度为1m/min-50m/min，烘筒温度为30-60℃。
进一步的，所述聚乙烯醇缩丁醛悬浮液中碳化锆的质量分数为1-8％，氧化铝的质量分数为0.1-1.0％，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量分数为3-10％，溶剂为无水乙醇。
进一步的，所述碳化锆粒径为50-300nm。
进一步的，涤纶纱线为任意线密度的涤纶单纱或股线。
浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线，由上述方法制备得到。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明所述的光热相变复合纱线具有皮芯结构，即涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝复合纱线或纯涤纶纱线为芯纱，石蜡为中间层，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆涂层或纯聚乙烯醇缩丁醛涂层为表层。相变材料石蜡可以在加热和冷却过程中通过改变物理状态来储存和释放热能。碳化锆和氧化铝可以实现宽光谱范围的光热转换，且复合纱线表面光滑且涂层均匀致密，无脱落和结块等现象。本发明的纱线具有以下优点：1)具有光热转换功能，光热转换效率较高；2)具有相变功能，可实现储热调温；3)制备方法简单、经济、快速；4)使用寿命长，形稳性较好。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1-4中的浆纱涂覆涤纶//PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡复合纱线的储热性能曲线图。
图2是本发明实施例3中的浆纱涂覆涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线的储热性能循环曲线图。
图3是本发明实施例3中的浆纱涂覆涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线的形稳性测试图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例一
1)配置5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液。将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加入到无水乙醇中，机械搅拌至溶液混合均匀，再加入碳化锆颗粒和氧化铝并继续搅拌一段时间，最后超声处理得到均匀分散的5％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液；
2)将装有一定质量石蜡的烧杯放入80℃的水浴磁力搅拌器中搅拌至石蜡完全融化后，备用。
3)将熔融态石蜡及聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液分别倒入浆纱机的两个浆槽中，然后将涤纶纱线(20S/2)先通过导纱装置引入到装有熔融态石蜡的浆槽(80℃)，浆纱速度为1.8m/min，再经过装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液的浆槽(室温)，经过压辊、烘房(30℃)、卷绕装置得到涤纶/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线，最终得到一种光热相变复合纱线(A纱线)。
测得涤纶/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线(A纱线)在红外光照3min后表面温度达到81.2℃，离开红外灯6min后的表面温度为32.6℃，熔融热焓为148.80J/g，熔融热焓效率为74.27％，导热系数为0.36W/(mk)，储热性能曲线如图1所示。
实施例二
1)配置5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液。将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加入到无水乙醇中，机械搅拌至溶液混合均匀，得到均匀混合的5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液；
2)将装有一定质量石蜡的烧杯放入80℃的水浴磁力搅拌器中搅拌至石蜡完全融化后，备用。
3)将熔融态石蜡及聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液分别倒入浆纱机的两个浆槽中，然后将涤纶纱线先通过导纱装置引入到装有熔融态石蜡的浆槽，再经过装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液的浆槽，经过压辊、烘房、卷绕装置得到涤纶/石蜡/PVB复合纱线(B纱线)。聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液浆槽温度为室温，熔融态石蜡浆槽温度为80℃，烘房温度为30℃，浆纱速度为1.8m/min。
测得涤纶/石蜡/PVB复合纱线(B纱线)在红外光照3min后表面温度达到47.2℃，离开红外灯6min后的表面温度为24.7℃，熔融热焓为143.27J/g，熔融热焓效率为71.51％，导热系数为0.28W/(mk)，储热性能曲线如图1所示。
实施例三
1)配置5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液。将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加入到无水乙醇中，机械搅拌至溶液混合均匀，再加入碳化锆颗粒和氧化铝并继续搅拌一段时间，最后超声处理得到均匀分散的5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液；
2)将涤纶引入装有5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液的浆槽，经过压辊、烘房、卷绕装置得到涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/复合纱线；
3)将装有一定质量石蜡的烧杯放入80℃的水浴磁力搅拌器中搅拌至石蜡完全融化后，备用。
4)将熔融态石蜡及聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液分别倒入浆纱机的两个浆槽中，然后将涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/复合纱线先通过导纱装置引入到装有熔融态石蜡的浆槽，再经过装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液的浆槽，经过压辊、烘房、卷绕装置得到涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线，最终得到一种光热相变复合纱线(C纱线)。聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液浆槽温度为室温，熔融态石蜡浆槽温度为80℃，烘房温度为30℃，浆纱速度为1.8m/min。
测得涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线(C纱线)在红外光照3min后表面温度达到68.2℃，离开红外灯6min后的表面温度为35.6℃，熔融热焓效率为78.24％，导热系数为0.46W/(mk)，储热性能曲线如图1所示。经过20次加热-冷却循环测试后，得到C纱线-20，该复合纱线的熔融热焓为153.48J/g，熔融热焓保持率为97.92％，储热性能曲线如图2所示。在80℃条件下加热该复合纱线一定时间后，纱线表面仍可以保持干燥状态，没有融化和泄露现象，形稳性性能测试如图3所示。
实施例四
1)配置5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液。将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加入到无水乙醇中，机械搅拌至溶液混合均匀，得到均匀混合的5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液；
2)配置5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液，将碳化锆颗粒和氧化铝加入到5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液，并继续搅拌一段时间，最后超声处理得到均匀分散的5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液；
3)将涤纶引入装有5.9％聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/5％碳化锆/0.5％氧化铝悬浮液的浆槽，经过压辊、烘房、卷绕装置得到涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/复合纱线；
4)将装有一定质量石蜡的烧杯放入80℃的水浴磁力搅拌器中搅拌至石蜡完全融化后，备用。
5)将熔融态石蜡及聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液分别倒入浆纱机的两个浆槽中，然后将涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/复合纱线先通过导纱装置引入到装有熔融态石蜡的浆槽，再经过装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液的浆槽，经过压辊、烘房、卷绕装置得到涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/PVB复合纱线(D纱线)，最终得到一种光热相变复合纱线。聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液浆槽温度为室温，熔融态石蜡浆槽温度为80℃，烘房温度为30℃，浆纱速度为1.8m/min。
测得涤纶/PVB/ZrC/石蜡/PVB复合纱线(D纱线)在红外光照3min后表面温度达到59.5℃，离开红外灯6min后的表面温度为32.7℃，熔融热焓效率为76.97％，导热系数为0.34W/(mk)，储热性能曲线如图1所示。
由实施例1-4可知，本发明的浆纱涂覆涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线或涤纶/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线有较好的光热转换及储热调温功能，使用寿命较长及具有较好的形稳性。
聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液均可以作为表层，但当聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/氧化铝悬浮液为表层时，复合纱线的最外层含有碳化锆颗粒，光热转换效果较好，且导热能力更强。涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆复合纱线碳化锆/氧化铝复合纱线和涤纶纱线均可以作为纱芯，但当涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆复合纱线碳化锆/氧化铝复合纱线为纱芯时，复合纱线中碳化锆颗粒含量较多，光热转换效果较好，导热系数增加较明显。因此当以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆涂层为表层，以石蜡为中间层，以涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆复合纱线碳化锆/氧化铝复合纱线为芯纱得到的涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/碳化锆/石蜡复合纱线的光热转换及储热调温效果最好。
由上述可知，本发明的浆纱涂覆涤纶/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线或涤纶/石蜡/PVB/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱有较好的光热转换及储热调温功能，使用寿命较长及具有较好的形稳性。
以上所述为本发明最佳实施方式的举例，其中未详细述及的部分均为本领域普通技术人员的公知常识。本发明的保护范围以权利要求的内容为准。
Claims (6)
1.浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将碳化锆和氧化铝加入到聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液中，搅拌均匀，然后进行超声震荡，制成聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液；
步骤2、将涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线或涤纶纱线顺次通过装有熔融态石蜡的浆槽和装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液的浆槽及浆纱机的烘筒，制得涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3/石蜡/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线或涤纶/石蜡/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线；
所述涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线的制备方法为：将涤纶纱线顺次通过装有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液的浆槽及浆纱机的烘筒，制得涤纶/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/ZrC/Al2O3复合纱线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线制备方法，其特征在于，纱线通过浆槽的速度为1m/min-50m/min，烘筒温度为30-60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-ZrC-Al2O3悬浊液中碳化锆的质量分数为1-8％，氧化铝的质量分数为0.1-1.0％，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量分数为3-10％，溶剂为无水乙醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线制备方法，其特征在于，所述碳化锆粒径为50-300nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线制备方法,其特征在于，所述涤纶纱线为任意线密度的涤纶单纱或股线。
6.浆纱涂覆光热相变复合纱线，其特征在于，由权利要求1-5中任一项方法制备得到。
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