CN113523575B - Welding method and device for welding aluminum alloy by using multiple laser-MIG (metal-inert gas) and TIG (tungsten inert gas) heat sources - Google Patents
Welding method and device for welding aluminum alloy by using multiple laser-MIG (metal-inert gas) and TIG (tungsten inert gas) heat sources Download PDFInfo
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- CN113523575B CN113523575B CN202110816236.2A CN202110816236A CN113523575B CN 113523575 B CN113523575 B CN 113523575B CN 202110816236 A CN202110816236 A CN 202110816236A CN 113523575 B CN113523575 B CN 113523575B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention provides a welding method and a device for welding aluminum alloy by using multiple laser-MIG and TIG heat sources, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preheating an aluminum alloy plate, welding the aluminum alloy plate by adopting laser-MIG (metal-inert gas) composite welding, cleaning an oxide film while preheating, wherein the preheating and the cleaning of the oxide film are realized by treating the aluminum alloy plate by adopting direct current reverse TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding without inputting a welding wire; the direct current reverse connection TIG welding without inputting welding wires means that the welding wires are not input when the direct current reverse connection TIG welding is used; the device comprises a mechanical arm, a conversion head device, a laser-MIG composite welding converter, a TIG welding gun, a laser welding gun and an MIG welding gun; the mechanical arm is connected with the conversion head device; the TIG welding gun is connected with the conversion head device; the laser-MIG composite welding converter is connected with the conversion head device; the laser welding gun is connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter; the MIG welding gun is connected with a laser-MIG composite welding converter. The method can effectively reduce the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate, and has higher welding quality; the device of the invention can be welded quickly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to a method and a device for welding aluminum alloy by using multiple laser-MIG (metal-inert gas) and TIG (tungsten-inert gas) heat sources.
Background
In recent years, in large and medium-sized cities in China, building equipment such as aluminum alloy plates, scaffolds and the like gradually replace facilities made of traditional materials, and great contribution is made to the benefit of building engineering. The aluminum alloy plate has outstanding performance in energy conservation and emission reduction and sustainable development in the building industry, has the advantages of better quality and better stability than the traditional plywood formwork, effectively overcomes the defect of dislocation of longitudinal structural members, is easy to install and dismantle, has little influence on construction environment, and has better perpendicularity and flatness degree of the wall surface using the aluminum alloy formwork than other formwork types. The standardized specification is particularly suitable for commercial residential projects of large-scale real estate enterprises, the construction efficiency is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the construction cost is greatly reduced due to repeated use of the template.
In recent years, with the popularity of laser welding in China, a plurality of welding methods combining laser welding with other traditional welding methods appear, and the welding methods emerging in recent years are many, such as laser MIG (metal inert gas) hybrid welding, laser TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding and the like. These emerging welding methods can simultaneously exploit their advantages and make up for their deficiencies. The welding methods have stronger manufacturability, can improve the formation of welding seams, improve the quality of joints, and particularly show that the welding penetration is increased, the welding cooling rate is reduced, and the defects of air holes, cracks and the like are reduced or even eliminated.
Before laser welding is not popular, MIG welding is used for welding the aluminum alloy plate, and the MIG welding of the aluminum alloy plate has many defects, such as unattractive formed welding seams, pores, cracks, unfused welding, unfired slag inclusion and the like. After the laser is popular, the aluminum alloy plate is welded by using the laser MIG hybrid welding, the defect of MIG welding is well eliminated by using the welding method, but an oxide film is not cleaned completely when the aluminum alloy plate is welded by using the laser MIG hybrid welding, and the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate is increased due to the increase of heat input caused by the addition of the laser welding.
Therefore, it is very important to research a welding method which can not only avoid the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate, but also clean the oxide film during welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method and a device for welding aluminum alloy by using multiple laser-MIG and TIG heat sources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by using multiple heat sources of laser-MIG and TIG comprises the steps of preheating an aluminum alloy plate, welding the aluminum alloy plate by using laser-MIG composite welding, and cleaning an oxide film while preheating, wherein the preheating and the cleaning of the oxide film are realized by processing the aluminum alloy plate by using direct current reverse TIG welding without inputting a welding wire;
the direct current reverse connection TIG welding without inputting welding wires means that the welding wires are not input when the direct current reverse connection TIG welding is used; when direct current reversed TIG welding is used, when the tungsten electrode diameter is 1.6mm, 2mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 3.2mm, 4mm, 4.8mm, 5mm and 6.3mm, the current is respectively 10A, 15A, 17A, 20A, 35A, 50A, 55A and 65A; the tungsten electrode is made of thorium tungsten and cerium tungsten, and the effect of cleaning the oxide film is good.
TIG welding is also called tungsten electrode argon arc welding, wherein tungsten electrode emission electrons are utilized to form an electric arc, and the electric arc is utilized to carry out heat transmission to melt a base metal and a welding material; TIG welding is divided into three methods of direct current positive TIG welding, direct current reverse TIG welding and alternating current TIG welding according to the positive and negative electrode connection method and the selection of current;
in direct current positive TIG welding, a tungsten electrode is used as a negative electrode, a workpiece is used as a positive electrode, the temperature of emitted electrons in a cathode region is low, the tungsten electrode is not easy to burn and is suitable for using large current, and the tungsten electrode is generally used for welding metals such as stainless steel, copper, titanium and the like;
direct current reverse connection TIG welding is that the tungsten electrode is the positive pole, the work piece is the negative pole, the tungsten electrode produces the great ion impact oxide film of alloy such as aluminium, magnesium of kinetic energy, etc., have cleaning action, generally use for metal that needs cleaning the oxide film such as aluminium, magnesium, etc., but the tungsten electrode is that the temperature of the positive pole region is high electrodeless and apt to burn out, generally do not use;
alternating current TIG welding uses alternating current, the positive and negative electrodes of a tungsten electrode change back and forth according to the frequency of the alternating current, and the alternating current TIG welding is generally used for metals such as aluminum, magnesium and the like which need to be cleaned of an oxide film, but the cleaning effect is not as good as that of direct current reversed TIG welding;
the invention adopts direct current reversed connection TIG welding without inputting welding wires, generally speaking, TIG welding utilizes manual welding wire input, the welding wires are not input, namely the welding wires are not manually put in when TIG welding is used, the aluminum oxide film is cleaned only by utilizing the cleaning action of TIG welding, and meanwhile, the heat generated by TIG welding is utilized to preheat the welding seam;
the invention also selects the diameter of the tungsten electrode and the matched current value according to the width of the welding seam, when the diameter of the tungsten electrode is not changed, the cleaning width can be increased by selecting larger current and arc length when the welding seam with larger width is welded, and when the current and arc length reach the limit values, the diameter of the tungsten electrode can be increased; the voltage of TIG welding is related to the arc length of TIG welding, and the longer the arc length of TIG welding, the larger the voltage; specifically, when the diameters of tungsten electrodes are 1.6mm, 2mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 3.2mm, 4mm, 4.8mm, 5mm and 6.3mm by using direct current reverse connection TIG welding, the currents are respectively 10A, 15A, 17A, 20A, 35A, 50A, 55A and 65A; this is because too much current easily burns the tungsten electrode, and too little current fails to strike an arc.
As a preferred technical scheme:
in the welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by the laser-MIG and TIG multiple heat sources, the welding speed of the direct-current reverse TIG welding without inputting the welding wire is equal to that of the laser-MIG composite welding.
According to the welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by using the multiple laser-MIG and TIG heat sources, when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is less than 5mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 2.0-5.6 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 5-10 m/min, the laser power is 2-4 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm;
when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 5-7 mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56-0.98 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 9-11 m/min, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of a welding wire is 1.2 mm;
when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is more than 7mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 2.0-5.6 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 5-10 m/min, the laser power is 2-4 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, or the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56-0.98 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 9-11 m/min, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, and the specific parameters are selected according to the amount of one-time filling during welding;
when the size of the welding seam is too large, the welding seam can not be completely filled by one-time welding, multiple layers of multi-pass welding are needed to be used, and when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is larger than 7mm, the multiple layers of multi-pass welding can be used for improving the welding quality.
In the welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by using the multiple heat sources of laser-MIG and TIG, when the aluminum alloy plate is welded by using the laser-MIG composite welding, the relative position of the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun is kept unchanged.
The invention also provides a device for welding the aluminum alloy by adopting the laser-MIG and TIG multiple heat sources, which comprises an intelligent welding robot, a conversion head device, a laser-MIG composite welding converter, a TIG welding gun, a laser welding gun and a MIG welding gun;
the intelligent welding robot is a robot capable of moving in multiple dimensions and comprises a mechanical arm;
the mechanical arm of the intelligent welding robot is connected with the conversion head device; the conversion head device is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are rotatably connected, and the rotating direction is the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane; the TIG welding gun is connected with the conversion head device in a sliding mode, and the sliding direction is the vertical direction (the TIG welding gun is provided with a guide rail which can move up and down, and the TIG welding gun can be moved up and down when the TIG welding gun is not needed); the laser-MIG composite welding converter is detachably connected with the conversion head device and can be rotatably connected with the conversion head device, and the rotation direction is the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane; the laser welding gun is telescopically connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter, and the telescopic direction is vertical; the MIG welding gun is fixedly connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter and rotates along with the laser-MIG composite welding converter;
when the welding line is oblique and vertical, the conversion head can rotate according to the angle of the welding line, if TIG welding is not needed, the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun can rotate independently, the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun move together, the relative positions of the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun do not change, the intersection point does not need to be searched again, and if the TIG welding gun is needed, the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun can rotate integrally; the converter of the laser-MIG composite welding is designed with a plurality of converters according to the welding angles of the laser beam and the MIG electric arc which are frequently used, and other angles can be replaced to ensure that the relative positions of the laser and the MIG welding gun are unchanged; the conversion head device can be used for welding aluminum alloy plates and other plates; the gun heads of the laser welding gun, the MIG welding gun and the TIG welding gun are flexibly converted, various metals including dissimilar metals can be welded, the gun head does not need to be replaced when the welding mode is changed, and the production efficiency is improved;
the laser-MIG hybrid welding has high requirements on the arc intersection position of a laser beam and an MIG welding gun, and the re-determination of the intersection position takes much time and needs re-experiments, so that the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun in the device are simultaneously connected with the laser-MIG hybrid welding converter, the relative positions of the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun are fixed, when welding objects are different, the required relative positions of the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun are also different, at the moment, a plurality of sets of laser welding guns, MIG welding guns and laser-MIG hybrid welding converters can be prepared, the relative positions of each set of the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun are different, when the device is used specifically, one set is selected to be installed on the conversion head device according to welding requirements, when the welding objects are changed, the set is detached from the conversion head device, and the other set is selected again to be installed.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the device also comprises a digital system which is simultaneously connected with the TIG welding gun, the laser welding gun and the mechanical arm and used for controlling the TIG welding gun to slide relative to the conversion head device and controlling the laser welding gun to do telescopic motion relative to the laser-MIG composite welding converter, controlling the mechanical arm to drive the conversion head device to move (including up-and-down motion, left-and-right motion and rotary motion, wherein the rotary motion is circular motion in a vertical plane), and controlling the robot to complete welding of the aluminum alloy plate according to a set program.
The apparatus as described above, further comprising a welding power supply; the welding power supply is provided with a negative electrode and two positive electrodes, the power range of one positive electrode is relatively large and is connected with the MIG welding gun, the power range of the other positive electrode is relatively small and is connected with the TIG welding gun, and the TIG welding gun and the MIG welding gun are simultaneously connected with the negative electrode.
The device also comprises an automatic wire feeder (providing welding wire for laser-MIG welding); the automatic wire feeder is connected with the MIG welding gun.
The device also comprises an air supply system; the gas supply system is simultaneously connected with the TIG welding gun, the MIG welding gun and the laser welding gun to supply shielding gas for the TIG welding gun, the MIG welding gun and the laser welding gun.
The device as described above, further comprising a base; the base is connected with the mechanical arm.
In the existing welding technology, TIG welding and MIG welding are generally used for aluminum alloy; the MIG welding uses argon protection, and is difficult to weld outdoors or indoors with large air flow; in TIG welding, also called non-consumable electrode inert gas shielded arc welding, welding is carried out by using a welding wire which is externally input by melting a tungsten electrode, wherein the heat input of direct current reverse connection TIG welding is larger, so that aluminum alloy or other materials are easy to deform, because the heat of an anode of the direct current reverse connection TIG welding is more than that of a cathode, electrons bombard the tungsten electrode during reverse polarity, a large amount of heat is released, so that the tungsten electrode is easy to melt due to overheating, at the moment, if 125A welding current is needed to pass through, a tungsten rod with the diameter of about 6mm is needed for not melting the tungsten electrode, meanwhile, because the energy released from a weldment is not large, the weld joint is shallow and wide, the production rate is low, and only an aluminum plate with the thickness of about 3mm can be welded, so the direct current reverse connection TIG welding is rarely adopted except for welding an aluminum alloy sheet.
The TIG welding adopted by the invention is different from the prior art, particularly, a welding wire is not input, namely, the plate is not welded, and the current corresponding to the tungsten electrode diameter of the TIG welding is controlled to heat the plate only, because the metal oxide has small work function and is easy to emit electrons, cathode spots are easy to form on an oxidation film and generate electric arcs, the cathode spots have the property of automatically searching for the metal oxide, the cathode spots have high energy density and are impacted by positive ions with high mass to break the oxidation film, and the invention utilizes the function of removing the oxidation film on the aluminum alloy of the TIG welding with direct current reverse connection.
According to research, the reason that the deformation is generated when the aluminum alloy plate is welded is that the interval between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature on a weldment is large during welding, therefore, the preheating method is adopted to reduce the interval between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature on the weldment during welding, and particularly, the preheating effect of TIG welding is utilized, so that the heat input of laser-MIG composite welding can be reduced, the speed of the composite welding can be increased, and other matching means are utilized, and the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate is reduced.
In conclusion, the TIG welding is used for cleaning the oxide film of the aluminum alloy plate and preheating the aluminum alloy before welding, and the TIG welding has the advantages that the cleaning and the preheating of the oxide film can be simultaneously completed, a large amount of time is saved, and the production speed is improved.
In addition, the invention provides a welding method of TIG welding and laser-MIG composite welding for the first time, the MIG welding can further clean the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, and in addition, the laser-MIG composite welding concentrates the advantages of laser and MIG and has the characteristics of high welding speed, small deformation of a welded part, large fusion depth and adjustable welding seam components; the TIG and the MIG share one power supply in the device, so that the device is simpler and more convenient to manufacture; the conversion head device comprises a TIG welding gun, a laser welding gun and an MIG welding gun, and each welding gun is flexible to adjust and use and wide in application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a welding device for welding aluminum alloy by using multiple laser-MIG and TIG heat sources;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a U-like groove of a thick aluminum alloy plate;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a U-like groove of a thin aluminum alloy plate;
the device comprises a 1-TIG welding gun, a 2-laser-MIG composite welding converter, a 3-conversion head device, a 4-mechanical arm, a 5-digital system, a 6-welding power supply, a 7-automatic wire feeder, an 8-air supply system, a 9-aluminum alloy plate, a 10-objective table, a 11-base, a 12-MIG welding gun and a 13-laser welding gun.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by using multiple heat sources of laser-MIG and TIG comprises the steps of preheating an aluminum alloy plate, welding the aluminum alloy plate by using laser-MIG composite welding, and cleaning an oxide film while preheating, wherein the preheating and the cleaning of the oxide film are realized by processing the aluminum alloy plate by using direct current reverse TIG welding without inputting a welding wire;
the direct current reverse connection TIG welding without inputting welding wires means that the welding wires are not input when the direct current reverse connection TIG welding is used; when direct current reversed TIG welding is used, when the tungsten electrode diameter is 1.6mm, 2mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 3.2mm, 4mm, 4.8mm, 5mm and 6.3mm, the current is respectively 10A, 15A, 17A, 20A, 35A, 50A, 55A and 65A; the tungsten electrode is made of thorium tungsten and cerium tungsten;
the welding speed of the direct current reverse connection TIG welding without welding wire input is equal to that of the laser-MIG composite welding;
when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is less than 5mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 2.0-5.6 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 5-10 m/min, the laser power is 2-4 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of a welding wire is 1.2 mm; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 5-7 mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56-0.98 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 9-11 m/min, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of a welding wire is 1.2 mm; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is more than 7mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 2.0-5.6 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 5-10 m/min, the laser power is 2-4 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, or the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56-0.98 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 9-11 m/min, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, and the specific parameters are selected according to the amount of filling required during welding;
when the laser-MIG composite welding is adopted to weld the aluminum alloy plate, the relative position of a laser welding gun and an MIG welding gun is kept unchanged.
The device for welding the aluminum alloy by adopting the laser-MIG and TIG multi-heat source comprises an intelligent welding robot, a conversion head device 3, a laser-MIG composite welding converter 2, a TIG welding gun 1, a laser welding gun 13, a MIG welding gun 12, a digital system 5, a welding power supply 6, an automatic wire feeder 7, a gas feeding system 8 and a base 11, wherein the intelligent welding robot, the conversion head device 3, the laser-MIG composite welding converter 2, the TIG welding gun 1, the laser welding gun 13, the MIG welding gun 12, the digital system 5, the welding power supply 6, the automatic wire feeder 7, the gas feeding system 8 and the base 11 are arranged in sequence;
the intelligent welding robot is a robot capable of moving in multiple dimensions and comprises a mechanical arm 4;
a mechanical arm 4 of the intelligent welding robot is connected with the conversion head device 3; the conversion head device 3 is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are rotatably connected, and the rotating direction is the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane; the TIG welding gun 1 is connected with the conversion head device 3 in a sliding mode, and the sliding direction is the vertical direction; the laser-MIG hybrid welding converter 2 is detachably connected with a conversion head device 3 and can be rotatably connected, and the rotation direction is the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane; the laser welding gun 13 is telescopically connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter 2, and the telescopic direction is vertical; the MIG welding gun 12 is fixedly connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter 2, and the MIG welding gun 12 rotates along with the laser-MIG composite welding converter 2;
the digital system 5 is simultaneously connected with the TIG welding gun 1, the laser welding gun 13 and the mechanical arm 4, and is used for controlling the TIG welding gun 1 to slide relative to the conversion head device 3, controlling the laser welding gun 13 to move relative to the laser-MIG composite welding converter 2 in a telescopic manner, and controlling the mechanical arm 4 to drive the conversion head device 3 to move (including up-and-down movement, left-and-right movement and rotation movement, wherein the rotation movement is circular movement in a vertical plane);
the welding power source 6 is provided with a cathode and two anodes, the power range of one anode is relatively large and is connected with the MIG welding gun 12, the power range of the other anode is relatively small and is connected with the TIG welding gun 1, and the TIG welding gun 1 and the MIG welding gun 12 are simultaneously connected with the cathode;
the automatic wire feeder 7 is connected with the MIG welding gun 12;
the gas supply system 8 is simultaneously connected with the TIG welding gun 1, the MIG welding gun 12 and the laser welding gun 13;
the base 11 is connected to the robot arm 4.
In the device, a laser welding gun 13 and a MIG welding gun 12 are simultaneously connected with a laser-MIG composite welding converter 2, the relative positions of the laser welding gun 13 and the MIG welding gun 12 are fixed, when the welding objects are different, the required relative positions of the laser welding gun 13 and the MIG welding gun 12 are also different, at this time, a plurality of sets of the laser welding gun 13, the MIG welding gun 12 and the laser-MIG composite welding converter 2 can be prepared, the relative positions of the laser welding gun 13 and the MIG welding gun 12 of each set are different, when the device is used specifically, one set is selected to be installed on a conversion head device 3 according to the welding requirements, and when the welding objects are changed, the set is detached from the conversion head device 3 and is newly selected to be installed.
The following will be described with reference to specific examples:
example 1
The welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by adopting the laser-MIG and TIG multiple heat sources of the device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials;
aluminum alloy plate: the aluminum alloy plate is aluminum alloy 6082, the thickness is 4mm, and the width of a welding seam is 4 mm;
the weld joint is a U-shaped groove as shown in figure 3, the interval between two plates of the butt joint is 1mm, the reserved truncated edge is 2mm, and the distance between the U-shaped grooves is 3 mm;
welding wire in automatic wire feeder: the welding wire is ER5087 and has a diameter of 1.2 mm;
tungsten electrode in TIG welding gun: the diameter is 2.5mm, and the material is thorium tungsten;
MIG welding gun: the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding welding wires by an MIG welding gun;
(2) selecting a laser-MIG composite welding converter;
the included angle between the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun in the selected laser-MIG composite welding converter is 60 degrees;
(3) as shown in fig. 1, an aluminum alloy plate 9 is placed on a stage 10 and fixed with a tool;
(4) the telescopic position of a laser welding gun relative to a laser-MIG composite welding converter is controlled by a digital system, so that a light beam and an MIG arc are crossed, the mechanical arm is controlled by the digital system to reach a specified position (the specified position is the original position of the mechanical arm and is controlled by an original position key), then the mechanical arm is used for adjusting the height of a conversion head, so that the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun reach proper positions (the proper positions refer to the heights of the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun, so that the intersection point of the light beam and the MIG arc is positioned on the central surface of a welding seam in the subsequent welding process), and the digital system is used for adjusting the TIG welding gun to slide to reach the specified height (the distance between the TIG welding gun and an aluminum alloy plate is the length of the TIG welding gun arc, and the length of the TIG welding gun is generally approximately equal to the diameter of a tungsten electrode);
(5) adjusting the current and voltage of a TIG welding gun and a MIG welding gun welding power supply, adjusting the power of laser, determining the walking path and direction of the mechanical arm, and inputting the rest set process parameters into a digital system;
the technological parameters are as follows: the TIG welding is set to be direct current reverse connection TIG welding, the welding speed of the TIG welding is 2m/min, the current of the TIG welding is 17A, the welding speed of the laser-MIG composite welding is 2m/min, and the welding wire feeding speed is 5 m/min; the laser power is 2.5kw, and the MIG welding current is 110A; a walking path: walking along the welding line; the direction is as follows: setting one of two ends of a welding seam as a starting point and one as an end point, wherein the welding direction is from the starting point to the end point;
(6) the digitalized system is used for controlling the mechanical arm to perform idle walking once to determine that the program can be operated;
(7) after the program is determined to be correct, firstly starting a shielding gas system to introduce shielding gas (argon), then starting a TIG welding gun, a laser welding gun and an MIG welding gun, and finally starting the program, wherein the mechanical arm drives the TIG welding gun to pretreat the aluminum alloy plate (preheat and clean an oxide film simultaneously), and simultaneously along with the movement of the mechanical arm, the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun carry out laser-MIG welding on the area of the aluminum alloy plate which is just pretreated;
(8) after the welding is completed, the robot arm returns to the initial position (the original position of the robot arm).
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy plate welded by the laser-MIG and TIG heat sources is 220.5MPa, the yield strength is 149.6MPa, and the elongation is 10.3%.
Example 2
The welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by adopting the laser-MIG and TIG multiple heat sources of the device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials;
aluminum alloy plate: the aluminum alloy plate is aluminum alloy 6082, the thickness is 5mm, the width of the welding seam is 5mm, the welding seam is a U-shaped groove as shown in figure 2, the interval between two plates of the butt joint is 1mm, the reserved truncated edge is 2mm, and the distance between the U-shaped grooves is 4 mm;
welding wire in automatic wire feeder: the welding wire is ER5087 and has a diameter of 1.2 mm;
tungsten electrode in TIG welding gun: the diameter is 2.5mm, and the material is cerium tungsten;
MIG welding gun: the wire feeding mechanism is used for feeding welding wires by an MIG welding gun;
(2) selecting a laser-MIG composite welding converter;
the included angle between the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun in the selected laser-MIG composite welding converter is 60 degrees;
(3) placing an aluminum alloy plate on an objective table and fixing the aluminum alloy plate by using a tool;
(4) the telescopic position of a laser welding gun relative to a laser-MIG composite welding converter is controlled by a digital system, so that a light beam is crossed with an electric arc of an MIG, a mechanical arm is controlled by the digital system to reach a specified position (the specified position is the original position of the mechanical arm and is controlled by an original position key), then the height of a conversion head is adjusted by the mechanical arm, so that the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun reach a proper position (the proper position refers to the position that the height of the laser welding gun and the height of the MIG welding gun can enable the intersection point of the light beam and the electric arc of the MIG to be on the central surface of a welding seam in the subsequent welding process), and then the digital system is used for adjusting the TIG welding gun to slide to reach the specified height (the distance between the TIG welding gun and an aluminum alloy plate is the length of the TIG welding gun, and the length of the TIG welding gun is approximately equal to the diameter of a tungsten electrode);
(5) adjusting the current and voltage of a TIG welding gun and a MIG welding gun welding power supply, adjusting the power of laser, determining the walking path and direction of the mechanical arm, and inputting the rest set process parameters into a digital system;
the technological parameters are as follows: the TIG welding is set to be direct current reverse connection TIG welding, the welding speed of the TIG welding is 0.56m/min, the current of the TIG welding is 17A, the welding speed of the laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56m/min, and the welding wire feeding speed is 9 m/min; the laser power is 1.5kw, and the MIG welding current is 120A; a walking path: walking along the welding line; the direction is as follows: setting one of two ends of a welding seam as a starting point and one as an end point, wherein the welding direction is from the starting point to the end point;
(6) the digitalized system is used for controlling the mechanical arm to perform idle walking once to determine that the program can be operated;
(7) after the program is determined to be correct, firstly starting a shielding gas system to introduce shielding gas (argon), then starting a TIG welding gun, a laser welding gun and an MIG welding gun, and finally starting the program, wherein the mechanical arm drives the TIG welding gun to pretreat the aluminum alloy plate (preheat and clean an oxide film simultaneously), and simultaneously along with the movement of the mechanical arm, the laser welding gun and the MIG welding gun carry out laser-MIG welding on the area of the aluminum alloy plate which is just pretreated;
(8) after the welding is completed, the robot arm returns to the initial position (the original position of the robot arm).
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy plate welded by the laser-MIG and TIG heat sources is 240.5MPa, the yield strength is 166.6MPa, and the elongation is 11.3%.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy welding method is basically the same as the aluminum alloy welding method in the embodiment 2, and is only different in that the TIG welding gun in the comparative example 1 is in a closed state, namely, the aluminum alloy plate is not pretreated by TIG welding;
the tensile strength of the welded aluminum alloy plate is 200.3MPa, the yield strength is 130.5MPa, and the elongation is 8.91%.
Compared with example 2, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of comparative example 1 are lower than those of example 2, which shows that the laser-MIG composite welding performance is reduced due to the fact that the aluminum alloy plate is not pretreated by TIG welding because of two reasons: firstly, the cleaning effect of TIG welding is not generated, and the defects of air holes and slag inclusion in a welding joint are increased; secondly, the preheating of TIG welding is avoided, the deformation is large, the residual stress of a welding joint is large, and the mechanical property of the welding joint is reduced.
Comparative example 2
A welding method of aluminum alloy is basically the same as that in the embodiment 2, the difference is that a TIG welding gun in the comparative example 2 is in a closed state (namely, TIG welding is not adopted to carry out pretreatment on the aluminum alloy plate), meanwhile, the aluminum alloy plate is placed in a furnace to be preheated before welding, in the embodiment 2, the aluminum alloy plate is preheated when the TIG welding is adopted to carry out pretreatment on the aluminum alloy plate, and the preheating temperature and the preheating time of the comparative example 2 are the same as those of the embodiment 2;
the tensile strength of the welded aluminum alloy plate is 206.3MPa, the yield strength is 135.6MPa, and the elongation is 9.1%.
Compared with the embodiment 2, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the comparative example 2 are lower than those of the embodiment 2, because the plate needs to be moved to the objective table though the plate is preheated by the furnace, the temperature of the debugging instrument is greatly dissipated, the preheating effect is not obvious, the plate deformation still exists after welding, the internal stress still exists, the oxidation of the aluminum surface is aggravated instead of the cleaning effect during preheating, more slag inclusions are formed in a welding joint, and the plate is difficult to move and dangerous after the plate is heated by the heating furnace.
Claims (6)
1. The device for welding the aluminum alloy by adopting the laser-MIG and TIG multiple heat sources is characterized by comprising an intelligent welding robot, a conversion head device (3), a laser-MIG composite welding converter (2), a TIG welding gun (1), a laser welding gun (13) and a MIG welding gun (12);
the intelligent welding robot is a robot capable of moving in multiple dimensions and comprises a mechanical arm (4);
a mechanical arm (4) of the intelligent welding robot is connected with the conversion head device (3); the conversion head device (3) is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are rotatably connected, and the rotating direction is the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane; the TIG welding gun (1) is connected with the conversion head device (3) in a sliding mode, and the sliding direction is the vertical direction; the laser-MIG composite welding converter (2) is detachably connected with the conversion head device (3) and can be rotatably connected with the conversion head device, and the rotation direction is the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane; the laser welding gun (13) is telescopically connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter (2), and the telescopic direction is vertical; the MIG welding gun (12) is fixedly connected with the laser-MIG composite welding converter (2);
the welding method for welding the aluminum alloy by using the multiple heat sources of laser-MIG and TIG comprises the steps of preheating an aluminum alloy plate, welding the aluminum alloy plate by using laser-MIG composite welding, and cleaning an oxide film while preheating, wherein the preheating and the cleaning of the oxide film are realized by processing the aluminum alloy plate by using direct current reverse TIG welding without inputting a welding wire;
the direct current reverse connection TIG welding without inputting welding wires means that the welding wires are not input when the direct current reverse connection TIG welding is used; when direct current reversed TIG welding is used, when the tungsten electrode diameter is 1.6mm, 2mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 3.2mm, 4mm, 4.8mm, 5mm and 6.3mm, the current is respectively 10A, 15A, 17A, 20A, 35A, 50A, 55A and 65A; the tungsten electrode is made of thorium tungsten or cerium tungsten;
when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is less than 5mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 2.0-5.6 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 5-10 m/min, the laser power is 2-4 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of a welding wire is 1.2 mm;
when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 5-7 mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56-0.98 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 9-11 m/min, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of a welding wire is 1.2 mm;
when the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is larger than 7mm, the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 2.0-5.6 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 5-10 m/min, the laser power is 2-4 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, or the welding speed of laser-MIG composite welding is 0.56-0.98 m/min, the welding wire feeding speed is 9-11 m/min, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kw, the MIG welding current is 110-130A, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm;
when the laser-MIG composite welding is adopted to weld the aluminum alloy plate, the relative position of a laser welding gun and an MIG welding gun is kept unchanged.
2. The device for welding the aluminum alloy by adopting the laser-MIG and TIG multiple heat sources as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises a digitalization system (5), the digitalization system (5) is simultaneously connected with the TIG welding gun (1), the laser welding gun (13) and the mechanical arm (4) and is used for controlling the TIG welding gun (1) to slide relative to the conversion head device (3) and controlling the laser welding gun (13) to move telescopically relative to the laser-MIG composite welding converter (2) and controlling the mechanical arm (4) to drive the conversion head device (3) to move.
3. Device for welding of aluminium alloys with multiple heat sources, laser-MIG, TIG, according to claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises a welding power source (6); the welding power supply (6) is provided with a negative electrode and two positive electrodes, the power range of one positive electrode is relatively large and is connected with the MIG welding gun (12), the power range of the other positive electrode is relatively small and is connected with the TIG welding gun (1), and the TIG welding gun (1) and the MIG welding gun (12) are simultaneously connected with the negative electrode.
4. Device for welding aluminium alloys with multiple heat sources, laser-MIG, TIG, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an automatic wire feeder (7); the automatic wire feeder (7) is connected with the MIG welding gun (12).
5. A welding method using multiple heat sources, laser-MIG and TIG, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gas supply system (8); the gas supply system (8) is simultaneously connected with the TIG welding gun (1), the MIG welding gun (12) and the laser welding gun (13).
6. Device for welding aluminium alloys using multiple heat sources, laser-MIG, TIG according to claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises a base (11); the base (11) is connected with the mechanical arm (4).
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| JP3457289B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2003-10-14 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Thick plate welding method by combination of laser welding and TIG welding or MIG welding |
| CN101670495B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-11-09 | 北京工业大学 | Laser-TIG electric arc hybrid welding technology for spaceflight aluminum alloy plate with medium thickness and high strength |
| CN201552368U (en) * | 2009-10-31 | 2010-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Inverter welding power source for aluminum alloy double-wire double pulse digitized soft switch |
| CN101947695B (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-05-23 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Combined welding technology of high-strength aluminium alloy laser-MIG |
| US20130136940A1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-30 | General Electric Company | Welding system, welding process, and welded article |
| CN103071935B (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Laser-arc composite welding device based on heat input control and welding method |
| CN105522279B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-10-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | The automatic welding device and its welding method of a kind of efficient multi-functional conversion of laser MIG, TIG |
| CN106392348A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 广东省智能制造研究所 | Additive manufacturing method and additive manufacturing device for aluminum alloy based on laser-double-MIG composite heat source |
| CN106475684A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-03-08 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method reducing Welded pore |
| CN112846550A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-28 | 南京理工大学 | Back-through protective gas device and method for laser-MIG composite welding of high-strength aluminum alloy |
| CN111716003B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-08-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | Aluminum alloy pulse laser-TIG electric arc composite additive manufacturing device and method |
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