CN113522925B - Domestic garbage treatment device - Google Patents
Domestic garbage treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113522925B CN113522925B CN202110638224.5A CN202110638224A CN113522925B CN 113522925 B CN113522925 B CN 113522925B CN 202110638224 A CN202110638224 A CN 202110638224A CN 113522925 B CN113522925 B CN 113522925B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a household garbage treatment device which comprises a garbage cracking furnace, wherein the garbage cracking furnace comprises a combustion-supporting layer at the bottom, a material pyrolysis layer in the middle and a furnace end layer at the top; the combustion-supporting layer is connected with a trace combustion-supporting gas supply device for supplying oxygen required by incomplete combustion of materials to an inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer and an ignition device for igniting the materials in the material pyrolysis layer from the bottom; the material pyrolysis layer is provided with a material port for guiding materials into the inner cavity of the material pyrolysis layer, and the material port is hermetically covered with a material door; the burner layer includes a combustion chamber for forming a combustion zone, a fuel supply passage for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, and a sufficient combustion supporting gas supply for supplying a sufficient amount of oxygen to the combustion chamber for complete combustion. The treated solid residues are few, the generated gas pollutants are few, the pollution to the environment is little, and the environmental protection requirement can be completely met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment equipment, in particular to a household garbage treatment device.
Background
The household garbage refers to solid garbage produced by people in daily life or activities for providing services for daily life, and solid waste which is regarded as household garbage according to laws and administrative laws and regulations. The garbage collection and treatment system mainly comprises resident household garbage, municipal trade and commercial garbage, public place garbage, street cleaning garbage, enterprise and public institution garbage and the like.
The existing domestic garbage treatment mainly comprises landfill treatment, incineration treatment and compost treatment. However, the existing garbage disposal methods have many disadvantages, such as: the landfill treatment needs to provide a large amount of landfill land, has large influence on the environment around the landfill land, particularly has large pollution to soil and underground water, and domestic garbage cannot disappear after being buried, but the domestic garbage is buried underground for a long time, so the influence time is long; the household garbage is complex in composition, so that a large amount of toxic and harmful waste gas, waste smoke, waste liquid such as heavy metal, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and the like, and certain carcinogens, particularly dioxin, are easily generated during combustion, the pollution range is wide, the surrounding air, soil and water source environment is influenced, and even the surrounding human life is directly influenced; the composting treatment adopts a microbial decomposition mode, has low decomposition efficiency and long time, is far from meeting the requirement of a large amount of garbage generated every day, has large land area, and also has the similar problems of landfill treatment. And the treatment cost of landfill treatment and compost treatment and the environmental treatment cost are high, and the subsequent environmental treatment cost caused by incineration treatment is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a household garbage treatment device, which aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing household garbage treatment process, the surrounding environment is easily polluted, the life of surrounding people is influenced, the treatment efficiency is low, the treatment time is long, and the treatment cost is high.
The invention provides a household garbage treatment device which comprises a garbage cracking furnace, wherein the garbage cracking furnace comprises a combustion-supporting layer at the bottom, a material pyrolysis layer in the middle and a furnace end layer at the top; the combustion-supporting layer is connected with a trace combustion-supporting gas supply device for supplying oxygen required by incomplete combustion of materials to an inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer and an ignition device for igniting the materials in the material pyrolysis layer from the bottom; the material pyrolysis layer is provided with a material port for guiding materials into the inner cavity of the material pyrolysis layer, and the material port is hermetically covered with a material door; the burner layer includes a combustion chamber for forming a combustion zone, a fuel supply passage for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, and a sufficient combustion supporting gas supply for supplying a sufficient amount of oxygen to the combustion chamber for complete combustion.
Furthermore, the combustion-supporting layer and the material pyrolysis layer are separated through a separation grid plate, the separation grid plate is at least one of a flat plate, an arc-shaped plate, a conical plate and a frustum-shaped plate, the material borne on the separation grid plate is ignited on the combustion-supporting layer, and meanwhile, combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting layer is guided into a space where the material is located through the separation grid plate, so that the material is incompletely combusted in an oxygen-deficient environment.
Furthermore, the grid guide plate used for guiding the materials in the material pyrolysis layer to the middle of the grid separation plate for centralized combustion is further arranged on the grid separation plate.
Furthermore, a three-dimensional uniform gas guide device which is used for supporting the materials from the bottom of the materials to increase the area for stacking the materials and oxygen and uniformly guiding out the combustion-supporting gas guided in by the combustion-supporting layer from each area at the bottom of the materials is also arranged in the material pyrolysis layer; the three-dimensional uniform air guide device is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow tube units, the hollow tube units are communicated with each other, a plurality of air holes are formed in the hollow tube units, and the hollow tube units are combined to form a plane grid structure or a three-dimensional grid structure.
Furthermore, a fire-avoiding cover which can be adjusted in a lifting mode and is used for pressing the cover to open fire and overflow combustible gas is further arranged in the material pyrolysis layer, the fire-avoiding cover is a conical spiral cover body formed by spirally winding heat-resistant metal wires in a large-end-up mode, a conical fire-avoiding cavity formed by upwards sinking the bottom is formed in the conical spiral cover body, and a spiral gap is reserved in the conical spiral cover body, so that the cover extinguishes and reduces the open fire generated by material combustion, meanwhile, the material generates more combustible gas, and the combustible gas overflows from the spiral gap.
Further, the ignition device adopts a liquefied gas flame gun, and the liquefied gas flame gun sprays flame to the material above the combustion-supporting layer through an ignition port arranged on the combustion-supporting layer after being ignited from the outside so as to ignite the material; or the ignition device adopts a fuel ignition device which is embedded to the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer, the fuel ignition device comprises a fuel storage tank which is arranged at the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer, a lead which is used for leading fuel out of the fuel storage tank, an electronic igniter which is used for igniting the fuel on the lead and a movable baffle which is arranged above the lead, the movable baffle is opened and the electronic igniter is used for igniting the fuel on the lead by moving, so that ignition of the material in the material pyrolysis layer is realized, and the movable baffle is closed by moving so that the fuel on the lead is extinguished.
Furthermore, the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device adopts a fan arranged outside the combustion-supporting layer, an air outlet of the fan is communicated to an inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer, and micro air is conveyed into the combustion-supporting layer through the fan so as to realize incomplete combustion of the material in an anoxic environment; or the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device adopts an oxygen cylinder which is communicated to the inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer through a gas control valve, and incomplete combustion of the material in an anoxic environment is realized by conveying micro air into the combustion-supporting layer.
Furthermore, the sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device adopts a fan arranged outside the furnace end layer, an air outlet of the fan is communicated to an inner cavity of the furnace end layer, and sufficient air is conveyed into the furnace end layer through the fan so as to realize complete combustion of combustible gas in the combustion cavity; or the sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device adopts an oxygen cylinder which is communicated to the inner cavity of the furnace end layer through a gas control valve, and sufficient air is conveyed to the inner cavity of the furnace end layer to realize the complete combustion of combustible gas in the combustion cavity.
Furthermore, the burner layer also comprises a combustion-supporting gas circulation channel, the gas inlet end of the combustion-supporting gas circulation channel is communicated with the gas outlet end of a sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device, the gas outlet end of the combustion-supporting gas circulation channel is communicated with the combustion cavity through a nozzle, the gas inlet end of the fuel supply channel is respectively communicated with the fuel generating device outside the burner layer and the gas outlet of the material pyrolysis layer, and the gas outlet end of the fuel supply channel is communicated with the combustion cavity through a nozzle; the jet trajectory of the nozzle of the fuel supply passage intersects with the jet trajectory of the nozzle of the combustion-supporting gas flow passage.
Furthermore, a fire pressing plate for ensuring the combustible gas output by the fuel supply channel to be completely combusted is arranged above the combustion cavity; or the furnace head layer also comprises a cooling water tank and a fire suppression water tray which are arranged around the combustion cavity, the water inlet of the cooling water tank is communicated to a tap water pipe network, a ball float valve for controlling water inlet is arranged on the water inlet of the cooling water tank, the cooling water tank extends upwards through a water pipe and is communicated to the fire suppression water tray, and the steam outlet of the fire suppression water tray is communicated to a hot steam utilization system; or a steam cooling water tank serving as a fire suppression disc is arranged above the furnace head layer, a bottom support of the steam cooling water tank is supported on the furnace head layer to limit the vertical distance between the steam cooling water tank and the combustion cavity, a water inlet of the steam cooling water tank is communicated to a tap water pipe network, a water inlet of the steam cooling water tank is provided with a ball float valve used for controlling water inflow, and a steam outlet of the steam cooling water tank is communicated to a hot steam utilization system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the household garbage treatment device provided by the invention can be used for enabling household garbage (materials) to be incompletely combusted and generate a thermal cracking reaction in an oxygen-deficient environment in a mode of igniting by open fire. The incomplete combustion is utilized to provide heat required by the thermal cracking reaction, so that open fire combustion and thermal cracking in an anoxic closed environment are organically combined, and the aim of treating the household garbage is further fulfilled. The household garbage is put into the garbage cracking furnace, ignited through the garbage cracking furnace, and subjected to incomplete combustion and gradual temperature rise in a closed and oxygen-deficient environment, so that the thermal cracking of the household garbage is realized, and simultaneously, combustible gas, combustible liquid and combustible solid generated by thermal cracking are ignited and combusted at an inner cavity of the garbage cracking furnace and a gas outlet of the garbage cracking furnace respectively, so that the treatment of the household garbage is realized. The garbage cracking furnace is divided into a combustion-supporting layer, a material pyrolysis layer and a furnace end layer from bottom to top, an inner cavity of the material pyrolysis layer is used as a reaction cavity for material thermal cracking, household garbage is concentrated in the material pyrolysis layer, the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer is ignited in the combustion-supporting layer, and the oxygen amount entering the combustion-supporting layer is controlled, so that the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer is ignited and then is incompletely combusted in an anoxic environment, and further the temperature is gradually increased to realize the thermal cracking of the household garbage; the household garbage is subjected to incomplete combustion to generate combustible gas, combustible liquid and combustible solid, organic matters in the household garbage are subjected to thermal cracking to generate the combustible gas, the combustible liquid and the combustible solid are fixedly involved in combustion reaction and provide heat required by thermal cracking reaction, a matched temperature rise gradient required by the thermal cracking process of the household garbage is formed at the same time, the cracking of the household garbage is further assisted, the cracking process of the household garbage is accelerated, and the combustible gas flows towards the direction of a furnace end layer; the inorganic thermal cracking products in the household garbage can generate a catalyst beneficial to thermal cracking of the household garbage to a certain extent, and have the functions of removing tar and reforming gas; the thermal cracking process is an endothermic process, and a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed to decompose the compound, so that the thermal corrosion and thermal diffusion formed on the inner wall surface of the material pyrolysis layer of the domestic garbage in the thermal cracking process are correspondingly reduced, and the thermal radiation diffused outside the material pyrolysis layer is correspondingly reduced, so that the heat expressed by the outer wall surface of the material pyrolysis layer is not high, and the burning damage cannot be caused even if a hand directly touches the thermal cracking process; because the thermal cracking process of the household garbage is carried out in an anoxic reduction environment, less NOx and SOx are generated, and high molecular, highly carcinogenic and highly harmful substances such as dioxin, organic acid, aromatic hydrocarbon and the like can not be generated. When the household garbage treatment device is initially operated, because the combustible gas generated in the initial state of thermal cracking of the household garbage is less and dispersed, and cannot be intensively ignited and combusted, toxic and harmful gas generated by the thermal cracking is easily diffused into the air to cause pollution, the gas fuel and sufficient oxygen are required to be supplied to the combustion chamber through the fuel supply channel and are mixed and combusted, so that the combustible gas overflowing from the initial state of the thermal cracking of the household garbage and the combustible gas generated by incomplete combustion of the household garbage are combusted and consumed, and the gas pollutants are further eliminated; when the thermal cracking reaction of the household garbage is stable and the stably generated combustible gas is enough to support stable combustion in the combustion chamber, the supply of gas fuel can be stopped, the combustible gas generated by the thermal cracking of the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer is used as the fuel for the stable combustion in the combustion chamber, and the material can be continuously fed into the material pyrolysis layer at the moment to continuously treat the household garbage; through the continuous combustion in the combustion chamber for impurity such as smoke and dust, water and the residual oil of exporting together along with combustible gas also by burning consumption or pyrolysis in the high temperature combustion process, and then reduce the pollution to the air, make the gaseous emission that whole in-process produced can satisfy the environmental protection requirement. The household garbage treatment process is low in energy consumption, high in treatment efficiency and short in treatment time compared with the existing garbage treatment, can treat large batches of household garbage, does not need garbage classification, but requires that the humidity of a first batch of materials when equipment is started cannot exceed 5% and the humidity of subsequently added household garbage cannot exceed 30%, solid residues treated by the household garbage treatment device are few, generated gas pollutants are few, the environment pollution is little, and the environment protection requirement can be completely met.
In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view showing one of the structures of a garbage disposer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a garbage disposal apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic view showing the construction of a garbage disposer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a fourth schematic structural view of a garbage disposal apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a garbage cracking furnace; 101. a combustion-supporting layer; 1011. a micro combustion-supporting gas supply device; 1012. an ignition device; 102. a material pyrolysis layer; 1021. a material gate; 103. a hearth layer; 1031. a combustion chamber; 1032. a fuel supply passage; 1033. a sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device; 1034. a combustion-supporting gas flow passage; 104. separating the grid plates; 105. a grid material guide plate; 106. a three-dimensional uniform gas guide device; 107. a fire shield; 108. a fuel generating device; 109. a fire pressing plate; 110. a cooling water tank; 111. a fire suppression water tray.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the following.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a garbage disposal apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a second schematic view showing the construction of a garbage disposal apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a third schematic view showing the construction of a garbage disposal apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a fourth schematic structural view of a garbage disposal apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the household garbage disposal apparatus of the present embodiment includes a garbage cracking furnace 1, where the garbage cracking furnace 1 includes a combustion supporting layer 101 at the bottom, a material pyrolysis layer 102 at the middle, and a furnace end layer 103 at the top; the combustion-supporting layer 101 is connected with a micro combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 for supplying oxygen required by incomplete combustion of materials to the inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer 101 and an ignition device 1012 for igniting the materials in the material pyrolysis layer 102 from the bottom; the material pyrolysis layer 102 is provided with a material port for guiding materials into the inner cavity of the material pyrolysis layer 102, and the material port is hermetically covered with a material door 1021; the burner layer 103 includes a combustion chamber 1031 for forming a combustion zone, a fuel supply passage 1032 for supplying fuel into the combustion chamber 1031, and a sufficient combustion supporting gas supply unit 1033 for supplying a sufficient amount of oxygen required for complete combustion to the combustion chamber 1031.
In the traditional cracking furnace, the temperature control in the thermal cracking reaction process mainly depends on external heating and heating modes, such as electric heating and the like, so that materials are subjected to thermal cracking in an anoxic or anaerobic high-temperature environment to generate gaseous products such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and the like, liquid products such as organic acid, aromatic hydrocarbon, tar and the like, and solid products such as carbon black, furnace slag and the like, and then the gaseous products, the organic acid, the aromatic hydrocarbon, the tar and the like are respectively treated, collected and reused, the whole process is long, and the thermal cracking furnace is not suitable for domestic garbage treatment, and is particularly not suitable for large-scale domestic garbage treatment; in addition, because the components of the household garbage are very mixed, various products are very complex through the thermal cracking in the traditional mode, so that the treatment process before the subsequent utilization is complex and the cost is high, and the condition that the household garbage is not suitable for the household garbage treatment is explained again. The household garbage treatment device organically combines open fire combustion and thermal cracking in an oxygen-deficient closed environment to generate a stable synergistic effect, ensures that household garbage (materials) is incompletely combusted and generates a thermal cracking reaction in the oxygen-deficient environment in an open fire ignition mode, and provides heat required by the thermal cracking reaction by utilizing the incomplete combustion to achieve the purpose of treating the household garbage. The domestic garbage is thrown into the garbage cracking furnace 1, ignited through the garbage cracking furnace 1, incompletely combusted and gradually heated in a closed and anoxic environment, thermal cracking of the domestic garbage is achieved, and meanwhile combustible gas, combustible liquid and combustible solid generated by thermal cracking are ignited and combusted respectively at an inner cavity of the garbage cracking furnace 1 and a gas outlet of the garbage cracking furnace 1, and then treatment of the domestic garbage is achieved. The garbage cracking furnace 1 is divided into a combustion-supporting layer 101, a material pyrolysis layer 102 and a furnace end layer 103 from bottom to top, an inner cavity of the material pyrolysis layer 102 serves as a reaction cavity for material thermal cracking, household garbage is concentrated on the material pyrolysis layer 102, the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is ignited in the combustion-supporting layer 101, and the oxygen amount entering the combustion-supporting layer 101 is controlled, so that the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is ignited and then is incompletely combusted in an anoxic environment, and further the temperature is gradually increased to realize the thermal cracking of the household garbage; the household garbage is incompletely combusted to generate combustible gas, combustible liquid and combustible solid, organic matters in the household garbage are thermally cracked to generate the combustible gas, the combustible liquid and the combustible solid, wherein the combustible liquid and the combustible solid participate in a combustion reaction and provide heat required by a thermal cracking reaction, a matched temperature rise gradient required by the thermal cracking process of the household garbage is formed at the same time, the cracking of the household garbage is further assisted, the cracking process of the household garbage is accelerated, and the combustible gas flows towards the direction of the furnace top layer 103; the inorganic thermal cracking products in the household garbage can generate a catalyst beneficial to the thermal cracking of the household garbage to a certain extent, and the catalyst has the functions of removing tar and reforming gas; the thermal cracking process is an endothermic process, and a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed to decompose the compound, so that thermal corrosion and thermal diffusion formed on the inner wall surface of the material pyrolysis layer 102 by the household garbage in the thermal cracking process are correspondingly reduced, and thermal radiation diffused outside the material pyrolysis layer 102 is correspondingly reduced, so that the heat expressed by the outer wall surface of the material pyrolysis layer 102 is not high, and burning damage cannot be caused even if a hand directly touches the material; because the thermal cracking process of the household garbage is carried out in an anoxic reduction environment, less NOx and SOx are generated, and high molecular, highly carcinogenic and highly harmful substances such as dioxin, organic acid, aromatic hydrocarbon and the like can not be generated. The furnace hearth layer 103 is provided with a combustion chamber 1031 for mixing and combusting combustible gas and oxygen, when the household garbage disposal apparatus is initially operated, because the combustible gas generated in the initial state of thermal cracking of the household garbage is less and dispersed, and cannot be intensively ignited and combusted, toxic and harmful gas generated by thermal cracking is easily diffused into the air to cause pollution, so that gas fuel and sufficient oxygen need to be supplied into the combustion chamber 1031 through a fuel supply passage 1032 and mixed and combusted, so as to burn and consume the combustible gas overflowing from the initial state of thermal cracking of the household garbage and the combustible gas generated by incomplete combustion of the household garbage, and further eliminate the gas pollutants; when the thermal cracking reaction of the household garbage is stable and the stably generated combustible gas is enough to support stable combustion in the combustion chamber 1031, the supply of the gas fuel can be stopped, the combustible gas generated by the thermal cracking of the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is used as the fuel for stable combustion in the combustion chamber 1031, and the material can be continuously fed into the material pyrolysis layer 102 at this time to continuously treat the household garbage; through the continuous combustion in the combustion chamber 1031 for impurity such as smoke and dust, water and the residual oil that export together along with combustible gas also by burning consumption or pyrolysis in the high temperature combustion process, and then reduce the pollution to the air, make the gas emission that produces in the whole process can satisfy the environmental protection requirement. In addition, the furnace head layer 103 continuously burns, so that a large amount of combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is burnt and consumed, and an internal vacuum state is formed in which the gas in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is continuously sucked in the direction of the furnace head layer 103, and at this time, even if the operations such as feeding into the material pyrolysis layer 102 or discharging slag from the combustion supporting layer 101 are performed for a short time, the normal operation of the pyrolysis reaction in the material pyrolysis layer 102 and the complete combustion reaction of the furnace head layer 103 are not affected. The household garbage treatment process is low in energy consumption, high in treatment efficiency and short in treatment time compared with the existing garbage treatment, can treat large batches of household garbage, does not need garbage classification, but requires that the humidity of a first batch of materials when equipment is started cannot exceed 5% and the humidity of subsequently added household garbage cannot exceed 30%, solid residues treated by the household garbage treatment device are few, generated gas pollutants are few, the environment pollution is little, and the environment protection requirement can be completely met. Optionally, the ratio of the height dimension to the radial dimension of the material pyrolysis layer 102 is 2 to 5:1, enabling the gas generated by incomplete combustion and thermal cracking of the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer 102 to be concentrated and flow towards the direction of the furnace end layer 103; the height-diameter ratio is too large, which causes incomplete combustion of the household garbage and insufficient pressure of the gas output after thermal cracking, so that stable combustion cannot be formed in the combustion chamber 1031 of the burner layer 103; the too small aspect ratio may cause the gas in the material pyrolysis layer 102 to be too diffused, and thus unable to provide sufficient combustible gas for the combustion chamber 1031 of the burner head layer 103, resulting in unable to form stable combustion, and in addition, the gas generated in the material pyrolysis layer 102 may not be output in a centralized manner and may not be output in a sufficient amount, resulting in insufficient fuel reaching the combustion chamber 1031, unable to be ignited in the combustion chamber 1031 to form stable combustion flame, and on the contrary, a great amount of pollutant gas may be directly discharged into the air to form pollution and damage to the environment. Optionally, the combustion-supporting layer 101, the material pyrolysis layer 102 and the furnace head layer 103 are of an integral structure, and the sealing performance of the integral structure is better, so that pollutants generated by thermal cracking of the household garbage cannot leak to the outside to cause environmental pollution. Optionally, the combustion-supporting layer 101 and the material pyrolysis layer 102 are integrally formed, so that a cavity for thermal cracking reaction of the household garbage is performed in a sealed environment, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by leakage of pollutants generated by thermal cracking to the outside is not easy to occur; in addition, furnace end layer 103 adopts detachable the connection with material pyrolysis layer 102, and furnace end layer 103 adopts sealing connection with material pyrolysis layer 102, make furnace end layer 103 dismantle at any time and maintain and change, because furnace end layer 103 is in the high temperature combustion area, need be in the high temperature combustion environment for a long time, produce hot corrosion easily, consequently need carry out timely maintenance and change, adopt detachable the connection, make maintenance and change to furnace end layer 103 become easier, adopt detachable connection to match different furnace end layers 103 in order to realize different functions and purposes simultaneously, for example: the furnace end layer 103 of a large cooking range type, the furnace end layer 103 of a hot water cooking range type, the furnace end layer 103 of a geothermal floor heating supply type, the furnace end layer 103 of a metal mineral processing type and the like can be replaced. Optionally, at least one of a heat-resistant brick, a refractory wool, a refractory plate, and a refractory mortar layer is laid on the inner surface of the combustion chamber 1031.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the combustion-supporting layer 101 and the material pyrolysis layer 102 are separated by a separation grid plate 104. The separation grid plate 104 is adopted to bear domestic garbage entering from a material port of the material pyrolysis layer 102, and free circulation interaction of gas is carried out between the combustion-supporting layer 101 and the material pyrolysis layer 102 through the separation grid plate 104; the micro oxygen entering from the combustion-supporting layer 101 is dispersed by the separation grid plate 104 and uniformly contacts with the household garbage on the separation grid plate 104, and the household material which is netted and overhead by the separation grid plate 104 is easier to fully contact with the oxygen and be ignited in the combustion-supporting layer 101. The household garbage on the partition grid plates 104 is ignited in the combustion-supporting layer 101, and the household garbage can be ignited by adopting open fire even if the household garbage has certain humidity (the humidity is lower than 5 percent), and can be ignited after being dried by the open fire. Since the domestic garbage is in an oxygen-deficient environment during the ignition and combustion processes, and simultaneously enters a stable state from an initial state along with the thermal cracking reaction of the domestic garbage and releases a large amount of pyrolysis gas, a large amount of combustible gas is generated and flows towards the hearth layer 103. Optionally, the combustion-supporting layer 101 is further provided with a cleaning door, and when the powder slag after the thermal cracking reaction of the household garbage is completed passes through the partition grid plate 104 and falls to the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer 101, the powder slag can be cleaned even by opening the cleaning door. Optionally, a movable ash receiving hopper is further arranged at the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer 101. Optionally, the separation grid plate 104 is welded to the walls of the area between the material pyrolysis layer 102 and the combustion supporting layer 101. Optionally, the separation grid plate 104 is supported at the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer 101 through supporting legs, and the bearing plate surface is located in the area between the combustion-supporting layer 101 and the material pyrolysis layer 102, so that the separation grid plates 104 with different mesh sizes and/or different thicknesses can be used according to the type and size range of the household garbage, so as to meet the thermal cracking reaction requirement of the household garbage. The separation grid plate 104 is at least one of a flat plate, an arc plate, a conical plate, and a frustum plate. The combustion-supporting layer 101 ignites the materials loaded on the partition grid plates 104, and simultaneously, the combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting layer 101 is introduced into the space where the materials are located through the partition grid plates 104, so that the materials (household garbage) are incompletely combusted in an anoxic environment. Optionally, the partition grid plate 104 is formed by combining a plurality of ventilation unit tubes with spray holes, the plurality of spray holes are uniformly distributed on the ventilation unit tubes, and the ventilation unit tubes are connected and communicated with each other in an ending manner, so as to form a plate-shaped partition grid plate 104; the ventilation unit pipe can adopt at least one of a straight pipe, an L-shaped pipe, a T-shaped pipe, a U-shaped pipe, an arc-shaped pipe and a circular ring pipe; the output end of the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 is communicated to the inside of the separation grid plate 104. Optionally, the spray holes of the ventilation unit pipes are all arranged downwards, so that the impact force of gas sprayed by the ventilation unit pipes is prevented from directly acting on the household garbage to influence the thermal cracking reaction, and meanwhile, the solid particles are prevented from blocking the spray holes; the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 is sprayed downwards through the ventilation unit pipes, then uniformly diffuses towards the periphery, penetrates through the separation grid plate 104 and then uniformly contacts with the household garbage on the separation grid plate 104. Alternatively, since the optimal temperature for the pyrolysis reaction to generate the pyrolysis gas is above 600 ℃, preferably above 700 ℃, the pyrolysis gas generated at this time is the most, which is beneficial for maintaining stable combustion in the burner layer 103. Optionally, the gas output by the trace combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 enters the combustion-supporting layer 101 after being heated or preheated, so that the material quickly reaches the temperature condition of high-temperature thermal cracking, the occurrence of thermal cracking reaction is accelerated, and the treatment efficiency of the household garbage is accelerated.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the separation grid plate 104 is further provided with a grid guide plate 105 for guiding the material in the material pyrolysis layer 102 to the middle of the separation grid plate 104 for concentrated combustion. The garbage entering the material pyrolysis layer 102 is gathered towards the middle part of the separation grid plate 104 through the grid guide plate 105, concentrated incomplete combustion and thermal cracking reaction are carried out, heat diffusion is prevented, the heat of the material is uniformly maintained under the thermal cracking reaction condition, and further more combustible gas is generated; in addition, the thermal cracking reaction process of the household garbage needs to meet a certain temperature rise gradient requirement, the household garbage is concentrated and then is combusted to generate heat, the temperature rise gradient generated by the space environment meets the requirement required by thermal cracking, the thermal cracking reaction efficiency can be accelerated, and the purpose of rapidly treating the household garbage is achieved. A gas containing space can be formed between the separation grid plate 104 and the grid material guide plate 105, and oxygen output by the combustion-supporting layer 101 can pass through the grid material guide plate 105 and contact with the material from the periphery of the material, so that the contact area of the material and the oxygen is increased, the material can be ignited in an all-around manner and burns to generate heat, and further the thermal cracking reaction is assisted.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 4, in this embodiment, a three-dimensional uniform gas guide device 106 is further disposed in the material pyrolysis layer 102 for supporting the material from the bottom of the material to increase the area for stacking the material and oxygen and uniformly guiding out the combustion-supporting gas introduced in the combustion-supporting layer 101 from each region of the bottom of the material. Through three-dimensional even gas guide device 106 and combustion-supporting layer 101 intercommunication for combustion-supporting layer 101 overflows to material inside through three-dimensional even gas guide device 106 to the oxygen that material pyrolysis layer 102 direction flows through separating net board 104, and then makes the material from outside to inside abundant with the oxygen contact, and is ignited, makes the inside and outside even intensification of material, and satisfies in the required intensification gradient of thermal cracking reaction, and then reaches the purpose that domestic waste is even, the schizolysis fast. The three-dimensional uniform air guide device 106 is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow tube units, the hollow tube units are communicated with each other, a plurality of air holes are formed in the hollow tube units, and the hollow tube units are combined to form a planar grid structure or a three-dimensional grid structure. Oxygen output by the combustion-supporting layer 101 enters each hollow tube unit and is uniformly diffused to the periphery by means of each air vent of the hollow tube unit, so that materials on the periphery can be uniformly contacted with the oxygen to be ignited. Optionally, a viewing window is provided on the combustion supporting layer 101 and/or the material pyrolysis layer 102 for observing the internal reaction condition. Optionally, the visual window adopts double-deck printing opacity plate structure, and the inner plating is the antifriction plate, and the ectonexine is the explosion-proof board.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, in this embodiment, a fire-preventing cover 107 that can be adjusted up and down and is used for covering the open fire and overflowing the combustible gas is further disposed in the material pyrolysis layer 102, the fire-preventing cover 107 is formed by spirally winding a heat-resistant metal wire into a conical spiral cover body with a large bottom and a small top, a conical fire-preventing cavity formed by sinking the bottom upwards is disposed in the conical spiral cover body, and a spiral gap is reserved on the conical spiral cover body, so that the cover extinguishes and reduces the open fire generated by the combustion of the material, and the material generates more combustible gas and overflows from the spiral gap. The fire-shielding cover 107 moves up and down in the material pyrolysis layer 102 slowly, so that heat generated by flame burning on the upper surface of the stacked household garbage is diffused to the periphery rapidly through the fire-shielding cover 107, the temperature is reduced to be below a fire point, the heat generated by burning the stacked household garbage is concentrated to the inside, the continuous rise of the temperature is further ensured, and the rapid proceeding of a thermal cracking reaction is ensured; and what go on in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is the incomplete combustion of oxygen-deficient environment for the flame intermittent type formula of burning is extinguished and is produced more combustible gas, and then provides sufficient fuel for furnace end layer 103, ensures that furnace end layer 103 can the continuous stable burning.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the ignition device 1012 adopts a liquefied gas flame gun, and the liquefied gas flame gun sprays flame to the material above the combustion-supporting layer 101 through an ignition port formed in the combustion-supporting layer 101 after being ignited from the outside to ignite the material. A trace amount of oxygen is supplied into the combustion-supporting layer 101 through a trace amount of combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011, meanwhile, a flame-spraying end of a liquefied gas flame-spraying gun is used for spraying flame into a flame-spraying opening by opening an ignition opening on the combustion-supporting layer 101, and then materials in a material pyrolysis layer 102 above the combustion-supporting layer 101 are ignited; after the materials are ignited, the output quantity of the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 is adjusted to ensure that the materials in the material pyrolysis layer 102 are ignited and just can keep a continuous combustion state, namely, an incomplete combustion state. Optionally, a visible window is formed on the material pyrolysis layer 102, so as to observe the condition in the material pyrolysis layer 102 at any time. Optionally, a thermocouple temperature sensor is installed in the material pyrolysis layer 102, and is used for determining temperature information of a material stacking position in the material pyrolysis layer 102 at any time, so as to determine a thermal cracking reaction stage of the household garbage, and the thermal cracking reaction stage is used as a data reference for a material feeding time and a starting or closing time of the fuel generation device 108, which is beneficial to realizing automatic feeding and automatic fuel switching. Ignition device 1012 adopts the fuel ignition device of pre-buried to combustion-supporting layer 101 bottom, and fuel ignition device is including being in the fuel storage tank of combustion-supporting layer 101 bottom, the lead wire that is arranged in drawing fuel from the fuel storage tank, the electronic igniter who is used for igniting the fuel on the lead wire and locate the removal baffle of lead wire top, opens the removal baffle through removing and makes the electronic igniter ignite the fuel on the lead wire, and then realizes the ignition of the interior material of material pyrolysis layer 102, closes the removal baffle through removing so that the fuel on the lead wire extinguishes. Through set up fuel ignition at combustion-supporting layer 101 bottom, and then realize automatic or semi-automatization to the ignition of material in the material pyrolysis layer 102 to improve the degree of automation of complete machine. The fuel ignition device adopts the movable baffle as a heat and dust blocking plate, so that the fuel ignition device is prevented from participating in thermal cracking reaction to cause loss, and the service life of the fuel ignition device is ensured. The fuel ignition device is only required to be used for igniting materials when the household garbage treatment device is initially operated, when the thermal cracking reaction is slowly heated up, the materials can be continuously fed and the household garbage can be continuously and stably kept to be continuously fed, at the moment, the fuel ignition device is not required to be used, the fuel ignition device can be integrally isolated in the bottom area of the combustion-supporting layer 101, and the household garbage treatment device can be used for being restarted after being integrally stopped. Alternatively, the movable baffle can be opened or closed through electric control or mechanical gear and rack driving; or the control end of the movable baffle extends out of the combustion-supporting layer 101, and the movable baffle is opened or closed manually.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, in this embodiment, the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 employs a fan disposed outside the combustion-supporting layer 101, an air outlet of the fan is communicated to an inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer 101, and micro air is delivered into the combustion-supporting layer 101 through the fan to realize incomplete combustion of the material in an oxygen-deficient environment. The air outlet of the fan is hermetically connected with the combustion-supporting layer 101. Because the oxygen content in the air is about 21 percent and the nitrogen content is about 78 percent, the oxygen required by incomplete combustion can be directly provided in a blowing mode to the combustion-supporting layer 101 through the fan, the oxygen supply amount is controlled by controlling the blowing amount, and meanwhile, the protective gas in the material pyrolysis layer 102 is formed through the nitrogen, so that the proceeding of the thermal cracking reaction is ensured. Optionally, the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device 1011 uses an oxygen cylinder, the oxygen cylinder is communicated to the inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer 101 through a gas control valve, and the oxygen cylinder conveys micro air into the combustion-supporting layer 101 to realize incomplete combustion of materials in an oxygen-deficient environment, so that the oxygen distribution amount in the combustion-supporting layer 101 can be accurately controlled, and further more fuels are generated by domestic garbage under incomplete combustion and thermal cracking reactions.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, in this embodiment, the sufficient combustion supporting gas supply device 1033 employs a blower disposed outside the burner layer 103, an air outlet of the blower communicates with the inner cavity of the burner layer 103, and sufficient air is delivered into the burner layer 103 through the blower to achieve complete combustion of the combustible gas in the combustion chamber 1031. The air outlet of the fan is connected with the furnace end layer 103 in a sealing way. Because the oxygen content in the air is about 21 percent and the nitrogen content is about 78 percent, the oxygen required by complete combustion can be directly provided by a blower fan to blow air into the furnace end layer 103, the oxygen supply amount is controlled by controlling the blowing amount, the gas discharged into the air through the furnace end layer 103 is ensured to be the gas after high-temperature combustion treatment, and the toxic and harmful gas discharged into the air is further reduced; after the gas is subjected to high-temperature combustion treatment, the combustible gas is fully combusted and releases a large amount of heat, and meanwhile, substances which are generated by incomplete combustion inside the material pyrolysis layer 102 and thermal cracking and flow out along with the airflow are decomposed or fully oxidized through high-temperature combustion, so that the content of pollutants discharged into the air is reduced, and the pollutant discharge amount can reach the pollutant discharge standard at home and abroad. Optionally, the sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device 1033 is an oxygen cylinder, the oxygen cylinder is communicated to the inner cavity of the burner layer 103 through a gas control valve, and sufficient air is delivered into the burner layer 103 to realize complete combustion of combustible gas in the combustion chamber 1031, so that the oxygen distribution amount in the burner layer 103 can be accurately controlled, and further the gas in the material pyrolysis layer 102 entering the combustion chamber 1031 is completely combusted and releases high-temperature heat, so that substances flowing out along with the airflow generated by incomplete combustion and thermal cracking in the material pyrolysis layer 102 are decomposed through high-temperature combustion, and further the pollutant content discharged into the air is reduced, and the pollutant discharge amount can reach the pollutant discharge standard at home and abroad.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, in this embodiment, the burner layer 103 further includes a combustion-supporting gas flow channel 1034, an air inlet end of the combustion-supporting gas flow channel 1034 is communicated to a gas outlet end of a sufficient quantity of combustion-supporting gas supply device 1033, an air outlet end of the combustion-supporting gas flow channel 1034 is communicated to the combustion chamber 1031 through a nozzle, an air inlet end of the fuel supply channel 1032 is respectively communicated to the fuel generation device 108 outside the burner layer 103 and a gas outlet of the material pyrolysis layer 102, and an air outlet end of the fuel supply channel 1032 is communicated to the combustion chamber 1031 through a nozzle. The gas jet trajectories of the nozzles of the fuel supply channels 1032 intersect the gas jet trajectories of the nozzles of the combustion-supporting gas flow channels 1034. Alternatively, the fuel supply passage 1032 and/or the combustion supporting gas flow passage 1034 employ one of a straight passage, a curved passage, and a bent passage. Optionally, fuel supply channel 1032 and/or combustion gas flow channel 1034 employ a helical plenum. Alternatively, the fuel supply passage 1032 and/or the combustion-supporting gas flow passage 1034 employ a tesla valve passage. Different channel types can be selected according to actual needs to meet the actual needs. Optionally, the gas outlet of the material pyrolysis layer 102 is provided with a screen for preventing solid particles from escaping with the gas. Optionally, the gas output direction of the fuel generating device 108 faces the combustion chamber 1031, so as to play a certain gas guiding role, so that a small amount of combustible gas (including combustible gas generated by incomplete combustion and pyrolysis gas generated by heat understanding) generated by the material pyrolysis layer 102 during the initial operation of the household garbage processing device also flows to the combustion chamber 1031 direction along with the gas output by the fuel generating device 108 through the gas outlet of the material pyrolysis layer 102 to participate in combustion; as the combustible gas generated in the material pyrolysis layer 102 increases enough to support stable combustion in the combustion chamber 1031, the fuel generation device 108 is turned off. Optionally, an electronic ignition device is also disposed in the combustion chamber 1031; or the combustion chamber 1031 is ignited by manual ignition.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, in the present embodiment, a fire suppression plate 109 for ensuring complete combustion of the combustible gas output from the fuel supply passage 1032 is disposed above the combustion chamber 1031. The fire suppression plate 109 is arranged above the combustion chamber 1031 and used for blocking the height of flame from above, limiting the flow direction and flow velocity of airflow generated by combustion, prolonging the contact time of the airflow and the flame, particularly the contact time of the airflow and the outer flame, and further enabling the gas discharged into the atmosphere to be completely combusted and subjected to high-temperature combustion treatment, so that the gas discharged into the atmosphere reaches the pollutant discharge standard at home and abroad. Optionally, the burner layer 103 further includes a cooling water tank 110 disposed around the combustion chamber 1031, and the surface temperature of the burner layer 103 is reduced by water flowing in the cooling water tank 110, so as to prevent the burner layer 103 from being damaged by hot corrosion due to long-term high-temperature combustion; the inlet of the cooling water tank 110 is connected to a tap water pipe network through a ball float valve, and the outlet of the cooling water tank 110 may be connected to a floor heating system, a steam boiler, a hot spring heating system, a steam turbine generator set, and the like. Alternatively, the cooling water tank 110 is connected to the inlet water tank through a pipe, a ball float valve is disposed in the inlet water tank, and an inlet end of the ball float valve is connected to a tap water pipe network. Optionally, the burner layer 103 further includes a cooling water tank 110 and a fire suppression water tray 111 disposed around the combustion chamber 1031, a water inlet of the cooling water tank 110 is communicated to a tap water pipe network, a ball float valve for controlling water inflow is disposed on the water inlet of the cooling water tank 110, the cooling water tank 110 extends upward through a water pipe and is communicated to the fire suppression water tray 111, and a steam outlet of the fire suppression water tray 111 is communicated to the hot steam utilization system. Optionally, the fire suppression water tray 111 is additionally arranged on the basis of the cooling water tank 110, so that the fire suppression water tray can protect the furnace head layer 103, reduce the hot corrosion probability of the furnace head layer 103, prolong the service life of the furnace head layer 103, reduce the maintenance cost and play a role of a fire suppression tray; accordingly, the water level at the water inlet of the cooling water tank 110 is higher than the horizontal level of the fire suppression water tray 111 to ensure the amount of water in the fire suppression water tray 111, reduce the possibility of hot corrosion of the fire suppression water tray 111, and improve the service life of the fire suppression water tray 111. The steam cooling water tank as the fire suppression disc 109 is arranged above the furnace head layer 103, the bottom support of the steam cooling water tank is supported on the furnace head layer 103 to limit the vertical distance between the steam cooling water tank and the combustion chamber 1031, the water inlet of the steam cooling water tank is communicated to a tap water pipe network and a ball float valve used for controlling water inlet is arranged on the water inlet of the steam cooling water tank, and the steam outlet of the steam cooling water tank is communicated to a hot steam utilization system. The hot steam utilization system comprises a floor heating system, a steam boiler system, a hot spring heating system, a steam turbine generator set system and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A household garbage disposal device, which comprises a garbage cracking furnace (1),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the garbage cracking furnace (1) comprises a combustion-supporting layer (101) at the bottom, a material pyrolysis layer (102) in the middle and a furnace end layer (103) at the top;
the combustion-supporting layer (101) is connected with a micro combustion-supporting gas supply device (1011) for supplying oxygen required by incomplete combustion of materials to an inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer (101) and an ignition device (1012) for igniting the materials in the material pyrolysis layer (102) from the bottom;
a material port for guiding materials into the inner cavity of the material pyrolysis layer (102) is formed in the material pyrolysis layer (102), and a material door (1021) is hermetically covered on the material port;
the burner layer (103) comprises a combustion chamber (1031) for forming a combustion zone, a fuel supply channel (1032) for supplying fuel into the combustion chamber (1031), and a sufficient combustion gas supply means (1033) for supplying a sufficient amount of oxygen required for complete combustion to the combustion chamber (1031);
the ratio of the height dimension to the radial dimension of the material pyrolysis layer (102) is 2-5: 1, so that the gas generated by incomplete combustion and thermal cracking of the household garbage in the material pyrolysis layer (102) can be concentrated and flow towards the furnace end layer (103);
the material pyrolysis layer (102) is also internally provided with a fire-avoiding cover (107) which can be regulated in a lifting manner and is used for pressing the open fire of the cover and overflowing the combustible gas, the fire-avoiding cover (107) is a conical spiral cover body formed by spirally winding a heat-resistant metal wire, the lower part of the conical spiral cover body is larger than the upper part of the conical spiral cover body, a conical fire-avoiding cavity formed by upwards sinking the bottom of the conical spiral cover body is arranged in the conical spiral cover body, and a spiral gap is reserved on the conical spiral cover body so that the cover extinguishes and reduces the open fire generated by the combustion of the material, and meanwhile, the material generates more combustible gas and overflows from the spiral gap.
2. The domestic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1,
the combustion-supporting layer (101) and the material pyrolysis layer (102) are separated by a separation grid plate (104),
the separation grid plate (104) is at least one of a flat plate, an arc plate, a conical plate and a frustum-shaped plate,
igniting the materials loaded on the separation grid plate (104) on the combustion-supporting layer (101), and simultaneously introducing combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting layer (101) into the space where the materials are located through the separation grid plate (104) so as to enable the materials to be incompletely combusted in an oxygen-deficient environment.
3. The household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 2,
the separation grid plate (104) is also provided with a grid material guide plate (105) for guiding the materials in the material pyrolysis layer (102) to the middle of the separation grid plate (104) for concentrated combustion.
4. The domestic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1,
the material pyrolysis layer (102) is also internally provided with a three-dimensional uniform gas guide device (106) which is used for supporting materials from the bottom of the materials to increase the area for stacking the materials and oxygen and uniformly guiding out combustion-supporting gas introduced by the combustion-supporting layer (101) from each area of the bottom of the materials;
the three-dimensional uniform gas guide device (106) is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow pipe units,
the hollow pipe units are communicated with each other, a plurality of air holes are arranged on the hollow pipe units,
a plurality of hollow pipe units are combined to form a plane grid structure or a three-dimensional grid structure.
5. The domestic waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the ignition device (1012) adopts a liquefied gas flame gun, and the liquefied gas flame gun sprays flame to the material above the combustion-supporting layer (101) through an ignition port formed in the combustion-supporting layer (101) after being ignited from the outside so as to ignite the material; or alternatively
The ignition device (1012) adopts a fuel ignition device which is pre-embedded to the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer (101), the fuel ignition device comprises a fuel storage tank which is arranged at the bottom of the combustion-supporting layer (101), a lead which is used for leading fuel out of the fuel storage tank, an electronic igniter which is used for igniting the fuel on the lead and a movable baffle which is arranged above the lead, the movable baffle is opened through moving, the electronic igniter ignites the fuel on the lead, ignition of materials in the material pyrolysis layer (102) is further realized, and the movable baffle is closed through moving so as to extinguish the fuel on the lead.
6. The household garbage disposal apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the micro combustion-supporting gas supply device (1011) adopts a fan arranged outside the combustion-supporting layer (101), an air outlet of the fan is communicated to an inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer (101), and micro air is conveyed into the combustion-supporting layer (101) through the fan so as to realize incomplete combustion of materials in an anoxic environment; or
The micro combustion-supporting gas supply device (1011) adopts an oxygen cylinder, the oxygen cylinder is communicated to the inner cavity of the combustion-supporting layer (101) through a gas control valve, and incomplete combustion of materials in an anoxic environment is realized by conveying micro air into the combustion-supporting layer (101).
7. The domestic waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device (1033) adopts a fan arranged outside the hearth layer (103), an air outlet of the fan is communicated to an inner cavity of the hearth layer (103), and sufficient air is conveyed into the hearth layer (103) through the fan to realize the complete combustion of the combustible gas in the combustion chamber (1031); or alternatively
The sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device (1033) adopts an oxygen cylinder which is communicated to the inner cavity of the hearth layer (103) through a gas control valve, and sufficient air is delivered into the hearth layer (103) to realize complete combustion of the combustible gas in the combustion chamber (1031).
8. The domestic waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the burner layer (103) also comprises a combustion-supporting gas flow channel (1034), the gas inlet end of the combustion-supporting gas flow channel (1034) is communicated to the gas output end of the sufficient combustion-supporting gas supply device (1033), the gas outlet end of the combustion-supporting gas flow channel (1034) is communicated to the combustion chamber (1031) through a nozzle,
the gas inlet end of the fuel supply channel (1032) is respectively communicated to a fuel generating device (108) outside the hearth layer (103) and a gas outlet of the material pyrolysis layer (102), and the gas outlet end of the fuel supply channel (1032) is communicated to the combustion chamber (1031) through a nozzle;
the gas jet trajectory of the nozzles of the fuel supply channel (1032) intersects with the gas jet trajectory of the nozzles of the combustion supporting gas flow channel (1034).
9. The domestic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 8,
a fire pressing plate (109) for ensuring the combustible gas output by the fuel supply channel (1032) to be completely combusted is arranged above the combustion chamber (1031); or
The burner layer (103) further comprises a cooling water tank (110) and a fire suppression water tray (111) which are arranged around the combustion chamber (1031), a water inlet of the cooling water tank (110) is communicated to a tap water pipe network, a ball float valve for controlling water inlet is arranged on the water inlet of the cooling water tank (110), the cooling water tank (110) extends upwards through a water pipe and is communicated to the fire suppression water tray (111), and a steam outlet of the fire suppression water tray (111) is communicated to a hot steam utilization system; or
The boiler comprises a boiler head layer (103), and is characterized in that a steam cooling water tank serving as a fire suppression disc (109) is arranged above the boiler head layer (103), a bottom bracket of the steam cooling water tank is supported on the boiler head layer (103) to limit the vertical distance between the steam cooling water tank and a combustion chamber (1031), a water inlet of the steam cooling water tank is communicated to a tap water pipe network, a ball float valve used for controlling water inlet is arranged on the water inlet of the steam cooling water tank, and a steam outlet of the steam cooling water tank is communicated to a hot steam utilization system.
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| CA1311923C (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1992-12-29 | Heinz Mallek | Gasification process and apparatus |
| JP2000193225A (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2000-07-14 | Nkk Corp | Combustion device for exhaust gas including dust |
| US6325002B1 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2001-12-04 | Clearstack Combustion Corporation | Low nitrogen oxides emissions using three stages of fuel oxidation and in-situ furnace flue gas recirculation |
| CA2375334A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-09 | Hock Man Chong | Incinerator for waste management |
| JP3616762B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2005-02-02 | 株式会社御池鐵工所 | Waste carbonization furnace |
| JP2004232971A (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-19 | Denso Corp | Combustion heater |
| DE102009042449A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-31 | Sgl Carbon Se | Process and reactor for the treatment of carbonaceous bulk material |
| CN102322630B (en) * | 2011-09-24 | 2014-03-19 | 刘伟奇 | Method and devices for burning macromolecular matters efficiently and cleanly |
| CA2778722A1 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-04 | National Research Council Of Canada | Flow control of combustible mixture into combustion chamber |
| CN103242910B (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-06-11 | 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 | Hot waste gas active coke regeneration device combining pyrolysis and gasification of coal gangue and purification and combustion of raw gas |
| CN204853502U (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-12-09 | 四川明日得环保产业有限公司 | Domestic waste pyrolysis gas ization processing system |
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| CN108559546B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2024-02-27 | 孙吉林 | Household garbage pyrolysis treatment method and pyrolysis treatment system |
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