CN113520272B - Endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system, which comprises an endoscopic probe, an optical fiber, a motor component, a wavelength division multiplexer, an OCT imaging device, a fluorescence imaging device and an image processing device, wherein the optical fiber is connected with the optical fiber; the inner snoop head comprises a sleeve, and an optical focusing module is arranged in the initial end of the sleeve; the motor component can drive the optical fiber to rotate and can retract and pull the optical fiber, so that the rotation and the pull-back displacement of the endoscopic probe are realized; the image processing device is respectively and electrically connected with the output ends of the OCT imaging device and the fluorescence imaging device, the command wavelength division multiplexer and the image processing device output optical signals with specific specifications, and meanwhile, the image processing device can conduct image registration on image information output by the OCT imaging device and the fluorescence imaging device, and then a multi-mode image of the region to be detected is generated. Compared with the prior art, the endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system can acquire noninvasive, non-contact, real-time and high-resolution tissue structure and blood flow images.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomedical engineering, in particular to an endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system.
Background
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer, accounting for about 10% of all cancer cases worldwide. Colonoscopy is traditionally the gold standard for colorectal cancer diagnosis and classification, which visualizes abnormally growing polyp tissue on the colonic and rectal mucosa. In addition to colorectal cancer screening, a physician uses colonoscopy to resect small polyps in a minimally invasive manner and biopsies larger polyps or tumors for further diagnosis. Colonoscopes, however, only provide surface morphology of the rectal wall and do not observe abnormal layer structures and subcutaneous microvasculature that are highly associated with colorectal cancer. And the detection rate of the colonoscope on small polyps is low, which affects the accuracy of colorectal cancer diagnosis.
In recent years, the continued development of new imaging techniques provides new means for early diagnosis of disease.
The optical coherence tomography (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) has the characteristics of high resolution, no contact and no damage. As an important branch of OCT technology, endoscopic OCT (E-OCT) is used to guide light to a tissue of an organ to be measured through a probe, so that the weakness of limited penetration depth of the light can be overcome, a tomographic image with high resolution of depth of the organ in a human body can be obtained, and early treatment of diseases can be realized through study of histomorphology.
Fluorescence imaging (Fluorescence Imaging) is where the intensity of the fluorescent signal emitted after excitation of a fluorescent substance is linear with the amount of fluorescein over a range. Fluorescence is a high-specificity molecule, and can simultaneously analyze the structure and the components of tissues by combining fluorescence imaging and OCT, thereby providing an accurate imaging means for early lesions of the rectum.
How to combine optical coherence tomography with fluorescence imaging to construct a new detection system is a technical problem to be solved in the present day.
US 2016/020202027337 Al proposes a multi-modality system capable of ultrasound/OCT imaging of the bile duct or pancreas. The system detects the structure of an abnormality on the tissue by an endoscopic probe to diagnose the cause of the disease. But the patent does not image the microvasculature of the tissue using optical coherence tomography. The morphological change of the microvasculature is helpful for early diagnosis of rectal lesions, so that patients can be treated in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system, which combines optical coherence tomography and near infrared fluorescence imaging to form a multimode optical imaging system to visualize tissue morphology and vascular structure so as to make up the limitation of the traditional colonoscopy.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to protect an endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system, which comprises an endoscopic probe, an optical fiber, a motor component, a wavelength division multiplexer, an OCT imaging device, a fluorescence imaging device and an image processing device, wherein the endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system comprises the following components:
the inner snoop head comprises a sleeve, and an optical focusing module is arranged in the initial end of the sleeve;
the initial end of the optical fiber is connected with the tail end of the sleeve, and the initial end of the optical fiber is connected with the optical focusing module in an optical communication way;
the motor component is connected with the tail end of the optical fiber, can drive the optical fiber to rotate and can retract and pull the optical fiber, so that the rotation and the pull-back displacement of the inner snoop head are realized;
a wavelength division multiplexer having a first port in optical communication with an end of the optical fiber,
an OCT imaging device, the input end of which is connected with the second port of the wavelength division multiplexer in an optical communication way;
the input end of the fluorescence imaging device is connected with the second port of the wavelength division multiplexer in an optical communication way;
the image processing device is respectively and electrically connected with the output ends of the OCT imaging device and the fluorescence imaging device, and can instruct the wavelength division multiplexer and the image processing device to output optical signals with specific specifications, and meanwhile, the image processing device can carry out image registration on image information output by the OCT imaging device and the fluorescence imaging device, and then generate multi-mode images of the region to be detected.
Further, the OCT imaging device includes an optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and a first CCD sensor.
Further, the fluorescence imaging device includes a fluorescence excitation light source and a second CCD sensor.
Further, the wavelength division multiplexer can integrate the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and the fluorescence excitation light source into an optical fiber and output the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and the fluorescence excitation light source to a region to be detected through the optical focusing module;
the wavelength division multiplexer is also capable of distributing the optical feedback signal received by the optical focusing module to the first CCD sensor and the second CCD sensor.
Further, the optical focusing module is fixed in the sleeve by a fixing ring.
Further, the optical focusing module comprises a gradient refractive index lens and a triangular prism, and the triangular prism irradiates a signal transmitted by the optical fiber to a region to be measured in a direction of 90 degrees.
Further, the motor component drives the inner snoop head to rotate so as to acquire a two-dimensional image of the region to be detected, and the motor component drives the motor to drive the inner snoop head to pull back so as to acquire a three-dimensional image of the region to be detected.
Further, the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source is a VECSEL light source, and the fluorescence excitation light source adopts 680-750nm wave bands of semiconductor adjustable laser.
Further, in the image registration process, the reference mark on the sleeve is used, the cross-section image is repeatedly sampled according to the detected mark position, each A-line of the acquired image corresponds to the angular position of the registration image to the pixel point, and the shake and the stretching of the OCT image are corrected in continuous rotation scanning.
Furthermore, in the image registration process, artifact caused by tissue movement is eliminated by using a multi-frame registration and image weighting method based on gray scale.
Further, the motor assembly comprises a first rotating motor and a second rotating motor, the first rotating motor only drives the optical fiber to rotate so as to realize the rotation of the endoscopic probe, an output shaft of the second rotating motor is connected with the first rotating motor, and the torsional force output by the second rotating motor can drive the optical fiber to roll up so as to realize the pullback of the endoscopic probe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the multi-mode optical imaging system is provided with a first optical imaging device, namely an optical coherence imaging device and a second optical imaging device, namely a fluorescence imaging device, which have different imaging principles, wherein compared with other technologies, the optical coherence imaging technology has non-invasive and high resolution, can detect microstructures in biological tissues, and can directly image the biological tissues by using OCT (optical coherence tomography) endoscopic imaging technology combined with endoscopic technology, so that high-precision scanning of the tissues can be completed; fluorescence imaging is that the intensity of a fluorescent signal emitted by a fluorescent substance after being excited is in linear relation with the amount of fluorescein within a certain range; the multi-mode system can fully utilize the imaging capability of depth tissues, the imaging capability of OCT high-resolution tissues and the high sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent molecular targeted imaging, and realize real-time visualized multi-mode imaging.
2. The multi-mode endoscope system improves the characteristics of singleness, instability and poor imaging resolution of a single-mode system, the lens of the multi-mode endoscope probe can mutually convert optical signals and electric signals through optical fibers, has the clinical characteristics of integrating aspects of in-vivo tomography, high resolution and imaging depth, comprehensively balances the series of problems, is suitable for diagnosing early diseases in vivo, can more accurately detect the positions and the number of small polyps, provides accurate imaging means for early lesions and the like, and is beneficial to early treatment of patients and improvement of cure rate.
3. The optical coherence imaging device and the fluorescence imaging device are respectively connected with the image processing device through signals, and the optical coherence imaging device and the fluorescence imaging device are combined by utilizing the wavelength division multiplexer to form an optical imaging system together, so that the medical images of tissue organs can be acquired by combining the advantages of various imaging devices, and the acquisition of more accurate tissue organ chromatograms is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-modal endoscopic catheter apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-modal optical imaging apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an image registration algorithm in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 111. the endoscope comprises an endoscope probe, 112, a sleeve, 113, a fixed ring, 114, optical fibers, 115, a gradient refractive index lens, 116, a triangular prism, 117, a motor interface, 118, a driving motor, 201, an image processing device, 202, an OCT imaging device, 203, a fluorescence imaging device, 204 and a wavelength division multiplexer.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The technical scheme is that by means of the multi-mode imaging system, near infrared fluorescence imaging can be used for rapidly identifying suspicious lesions, and optical coherence tomography endoscopic examination is beneficial to visualizing details of surface layer structures so as to further diagnose, thereby better staging and diagnosing intestinal diseases. The technical scheme combines optical coherence tomography and near infrared fluorescence imaging to form a multi-mode optical imaging system to visualize tissue morphology and vascular structure so as to make up the limitation of the traditional colonoscopy.
The multi-mode optical imaging system comprises an image processing device, an OCT imaging device, a fluorescence imaging device and a wavelength division multiplexer; the endoscopic catheter device comprises a sleeve, a driving motor and an endoscopic probe, and is used for being inserted into tissues for imaging. The catheter device has clinical characteristics of integrating aspects of body, tomography, high resolution and imaging depth. The specific implementation is as follows:
the endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system comprises an endoscopic probe 111, an optical fiber 114, a motor assembly, a wavelength division multiplexer 204, an OCT imaging device 202, a fluorescence imaging device 203 and an image processing device 201, wherein the following specific steps are as follows:
the endoscopic probe 111 comprises a sleeve 112, and an optical focusing module is arranged in the initial end of the sleeve 112;
the beginning of the optical fiber 114 is connected to the end of the sleeve 112, and the beginning of the optical fiber 114 is connected with the optical focusing module in an optical communication manner;
the motor assembly is connected with the tail end of the optical fiber 114, and can drive the optical fiber 114 to rotate and retract the optical fiber 114, so that the rotation and the retraction displacement of the inner snoop head 111 are realized;
a first port of the wavelength division multiplexer 204 is connected in optical communication with an end of the optical fiber 114,
an OCT imaging device 202 input is connected in optical communication with a second port of the wavelength division multiplexer 204;
an input end of the fluorescence imaging device 203 is connected with a second port of the wavelength division multiplexer 204 in an optical communication manner;
the image processing device 201 is electrically connected 203 with the output ends of the OCT imaging device 202 and the fluorescence imaging device respectively, the image processing device 201 can instruct the wavelength division multiplexer 204 and the image processing device 201 to output optical signals with specific specifications, and meanwhile, the image processing device 201 can perform image registration on image information output by the OCT imaging device 202 and the fluorescence imaging device 203, and then generate multi-mode images of the region to be detected.
The OCT imaging device 202 includes an optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and a first CCD sensor. The fluorescence imaging device 203 includes a fluorescence excitation light source and a second CCD sensor. The wavelength division multiplexer 204 can integrate the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and the fluorescence excitation light source into the optical fiber 114 and output to the region to be measured through the optical focusing module; the wavelength division multiplexer 204 is also capable of distributing the optical feedback signal received by the optical focusing module to the first and second CCD sensors.
The optical focusing module consists of a gradient index lens 115 and a triangular prism 116. The triangular prism is provided with a gold-plated reflecting film which forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, so that the gold-plated reflecting film irradiates a transmitted optical signal on a sample tissue in a direction of 90 degrees. The optical focusing module is connected with the optical fiber and used for outputting the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber to the sample tissue, receiving the optical feedback signal reflected by the sample tissue and transmitting the optical feedback signal to the image processing device through the optical fiber.
The inner snoop head is connected to the motor interface 117 via an optical fiber. The driving motor 118 receives an electric signal sent by the microprocessor, so that the end part of the driving motor 118 rotates to drive the endoscopic probe to rotate at a certain rotating speed, a two-dimensional image of the sample tissue is generated, and the microprocessor instructs the driving motor 118 to receive a pull-back signal according to an executed program, so that the endoscopic probe is driven to pull back in the sample tissue, and a three-dimensional image is generated.
In view of the above technical solution, the present embodiment provides an endoscopic catheter device, which can collect a three-dimensional image of a sample tissue, and is beneficial to diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-modality optical imaging system. As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment combines an OCT imaging device 202 and a fluorescence imaging device 203 and then connects with an image processing device 201 to obtain a multi-modal image of a sample tissue. Wavelength division multiplexer 204 is used to integrate the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and the fluorescence excitation light source into the same single-mode broadband fiber optic path. The image processing device 201 receives the feedback signal, then uses a registration algorithm to preprocess the data, and uses an optical Doppler chromatography algorithm to image blood flow of the sample tissue after registration.
In specific implementation, the image processing device 201 includes a microprocessor, a RAM, and a ROM, where the ROM pre-stores an algorithm program and other matched auxiliary programs used in the present technical solution.
The OCT imaging device 202 is connected to the gradient refractive index lens through an optical fiber, and is configured to output an optical signal according to a control signal, where the optical signal reaches the tissue of the sample to be measured through the focusing module, and receives the collected optical signal fed back by the tissue of the sample to be measured.
The fluorescence imaging device forms an optical imaging system by utilizing a wavelength division multiplexer and an OCT imaging observation device, and is used for integrating an optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and a fluorescence excitation light source into the same single-mode broadband optical fiber light path.
Image registration:
the physiological motion of the tissue and the retraction of the endoscopic catheter can exacerbate rotational non-uniformity due to the curved tissue, and a large amount of artifacts and deformation can occur at this time, which can result in the inability to accurately calculate blood flow imaging. The image registration algorithm is needed to be used in advance before the optical coherence tomography, and the algorithm flow is shown in fig. 3. The method uses fiducial markers on the catheter, resamples the cross-sectional image based on the detected marker positions, and causes each a-line of the acquired image to correspond to the angular position of the registered image to the pixel point, correcting the jitter and stretching of the OCT image in successive rotational scans. To quantify the performance of the correction algorithm, two fiducial points are used for correction calculations in each revolution and two other fiducial points are used for measurements. The standard deviation of the angle after correction is reduced to 1 milliradian, which is equivalent to the improvement of the rotation stability by more than 15 times. The background noise after correction and the vertical streak noise in the pull-back direction are significantly reduced and a rectally regular pit structure can be observed through the image.
The technical scheme also uses a multi-frame registration and image weighting method based on gray level to eliminate artifacts caused by tissue movement, and outputs results after OCT and OCTA registration.
Optical coherence tomography:
optical coherence tomography (Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, OCTA) is an expanded technique for OCT to image small blood vessels using phase differences between different b-scan images. In the spectral domain OCT system, after the real interference spectrum signal I (lambda) detected by the linear array CCD is acquired by an image acquisition card, the interference signal I (k) related to the wave vector k is obtained through spectrum correction, direct current term reduction and resampling. Fourier transforming to obtain complex analysis signal related to sample depth position z
The amplitude corresponds to the structural information of the sample, and the amplitude angle corresponds to the phase information of the sample. By calculating the adjacent N line A scanning signals of the mth transverse pixel point, the Doppler frequency shift value and the standard deviation value of Doppler broadening of different axial pixels on the transverse point can be obtained, and the formula is as follows:
where T is the time interval between two adjacent a-scans, i.e. the integration time of the CCD. p (f) is the Doppler power spectrum.
In the present multimode optical imaging system, the OCT imaging device 202 can implement long-distance imaging by using a high-speed VECSEL light source, and the light emitted from the light source is transmitted to the triangular prism through the multimode optical fiber and then refracted to the sample by 90 °. The 680-750nm wave band of semiconductor adjustable laser is used as an excitation light source to realize fluorescent molecular imaging. The integration of the bimodal optical path part selects the wavelength division multiplexer 204 according to the different wavelength conditions of the OCT imaging device 202 and the fluorescence imaging device 203 to integrate the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and the fluorescence excitation light source into the same single-mode broadband optical fiber optical path, and the design of the all-fiber optical path ensures the compactness and stability of the bimodal optical path system.
The multi-mode optical imaging system is provided with the optical coherence imaging device and the fluorescent imaging device with different imaging principles, compared with other technologies, the optical coherence imaging technology has the advantages of non-invasiveness, high resolution, capability of detecting the microstructure in biological tissues, capability of directly imaging the biological tissues by the OCT endoscopic imaging technology combined with the endoscopic technology, capability of completing high-precision scanning of the tissues and early diagnosis of early cancers.
The invention combines the fluorescence imaging technology and the OCT/OCTA imaging technology, can realize the analysis of the structure and the components of tissues, can provide accurate imaging means for early lesions of rectum and the like, and is more suitable for diagnosing early diseases in vivo by the multi-mode imaging technology compared with the characteristics of single-mode imaging technology, such as instability and poor imaging resolution, and integrates clinical characteristics in aspects of in vivo, tomographic imaging, high resolution and imaging depth.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system, comprising:
an endoscopic probe (111) comprises a sleeve (112), wherein an optical focusing module is arranged in the initial end of the sleeve (112);
-an optical fiber (114), the beginning of the optical fiber (114) being connected to the end of the sleeve (112) and the beginning of the optical fiber (114) being connected in optical communication with the optical focusing module;
the motor component is connected with the tail end of the optical fiber (114), can drive the optical fiber (114) to rotate and can retract and pull the optical fiber (114), so that the rotation and the pull-back displacement of the inner snoop head (111) are realized;
a wavelength division multiplexer (204) having a first port in optical communication with an end of the optical fiber (114),
an OCT imaging device (202) with an input end in optical communication with a second port of the wavelength division multiplexer (204);
a fluorescence imaging device (203) with an input end in optical communication with a second port of the wavelength division multiplexer (204);
the image processing device (201) is respectively and electrically connected with the output ends of the OCT imaging device (202) and the fluorescence imaging device (203), the image processing device (201) can instruct the wavelength division multiplexer (204) and the image processing device (201) to output optical signals with specific specifications, and meanwhile, the image processing device (201) can perform image registration on image information output by the OCT imaging device (202) and the fluorescence imaging device (203) and then generate multi-mode images of an area to be detected; in the image registration process, a reference mark positioned on a sleeve (112) is used, cross-section images are repeatedly sampled according to the detected mark position, each A-line of the acquired images corresponds to the angle position of the registration image to a pixel point, and shake and stretching of OCT images are corrected in continuous rotary scanning; in the image registration process, artifact caused by tissue movement is eliminated by using a multi-frame registration and image weighting method based on gray scale.
2. The endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system of claim 1, wherein the OCT imaging device (202) comprises an optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and a first CCD sensor.
3. An endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system according to claim 2, wherein said fluorescence imaging means (203) comprises a fluorescence excitation light source and a second CCD sensor.
4. An endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system according to claim 3, wherein said wavelength division multiplexer (204) is capable of integrating an optical coherence imaging sample arm light source and a fluorescence excitation light source into an optical fiber (114) and outputting to a region to be detected through an optical focusing module;
the wavelength division multiplexer (204) is further capable of distributing an optical feedback signal received by the optical focusing module to the first and second CCD sensors.
5. The endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system according to claim 1, wherein the optical focusing module is fixed in the sleeve (112) by a fixing ring (113).
6. The endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system according to claim 5, wherein the optical focusing module comprises a gradient refractive index lens (115) and a triangular prism (116), and the triangular prism (116) irradiates the signal transmitted by the optical fiber to the area to be detected in a direction of 90 °.
7. The endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system according to claim 1, wherein the motor assembly drives the endoscopic probe (111) to rotate so as to acquire a two-dimensional image of the area to be detected, and the motor assembly drives the motor to drive the endoscopic probe (111) to pull back so as to obtain a three-dimensional image of the area to be detected.
8. The endoscopic catheter-multimode optical imaging coupling detection system of claim 3, wherein the optical coherence imaging sample arm light source is a VECSEL light source, and the fluorescence excitation light source adopts 680-750nm wave bands of semiconductor tunable laser.
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| WO2016180291A1 (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | 南京微创医学科技有限公司 | Endoscopic oct microprobe, oct imaging system, and use method |
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