CN113519617A - High-economic-cost-performance sweet corn drying method - Google Patents
High-economic-cost-performance sweet corn drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113519617A CN113519617A CN202110740027.4A CN202110740027A CN113519617A CN 113519617 A CN113519617 A CN 113519617A CN 202110740027 A CN202110740027 A CN 202110740027A CN 113519617 A CN113519617 A CN 113519617A
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000205585 Aquilegia canadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet corn drying, in particular to a sweet corn drying method with high economic performance price, which can ensure that corn kernels can maximally retain the self characteristics of new corn by irradiating and drying the corn kernels by adopting medium-short infrared waves; the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew; s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels; s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels; s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels; s5, the corn kernels obtained in the S4 are irradiated and dried by medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet corn drying, in particular to a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance.
Background
The product is deeply favored by consumers of all levels because of having the characteristics of rich nutrition, sweetness, freshness, crispness and tenderness; the super-sweet corn is widely planted due to high sugar content and long suitable harvesting period; the plant parts consumed by sweet corn are immature grains, mainly consisting of endosperm and ovary wall (immature caryopsis); the eating quality is determined by the taste and structure of endosperm, the softness of pericarp and the like; in order to enable the sweet corn to be stored for a long time, the sweet corn is often dried;
the existing drying mode of sweet corn usually adopts hot air drying or vacuum freeze drying, and the two drying modes can cause the damage of the characteristics of the corn kernels to a great extent in the implementation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance.
The invention relates to a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew;
s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels;
s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels;
s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels;
s5, irradiating and drying the corn kernels obtained in the S4 by using medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%;
s6, bagging the corn kernels obtained in the S5, and storing the corn kernels in a dark and cool place to obtain the sweet corn kernels.
Further, the fresh sweet corn ear in the S1 is the fresh sweet corn ear within 2 hours after flower falling during picking.
Further, the mass ratio of the flour to the water required for preparing the flour water in the S3 is 0.015-0.02.
Further, the power density of the medium-short infrared wave in S5 is 2W/g, wherein W is the power unit of the medium-short infrared wave, g is the corn kernel mass unit, and the wavelength of the medium-short infrared wave is 2.5-4 μm.
Further, the sweet corn ear in the S1 is the honeysuckle 208.
Further, the rotation speed of the centrifugal drying machine in the S4 is 1500-.
Further, the integrity of the corn kernels obtained in the S2 is not less than 98 percent, and the corn kernels enter S3.
Further, the mass ratio of the flour water to the corn kernels in the S3 is 3.5-5.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the corn kernels are cleaned in an oscillating mode by using flour water, so that the flour particles can adsorb micro impurities on the surfaces of the corn kernels, and meanwhile, the characteristic that the flour particles are insoluble in water is utilized, so that the adsorption area is greatly increased, and the cleaning efficiency is improved; the corn kernels are drained and dried by using the centrifugal drying machine, so that the draining efficiency of the corn kernels is accelerated; by adopting the medium-short infrared waves to irradiate and dry the corn kernels, the characteristics of the new corn kernels can be kept to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of the microstructure of a corn after vacuum freeze-drying;
FIG. 2 is a view of a microstructure of corn after hot air drying;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a microwave dried corn;
FIG. 4 is a view of a microstructure of corn after medium and short infrared wave drying;
FIG. 5 is a line graph of rehydration rate after drying for sweet corn of examples of the invention and comparative examples 1-3 as a function of time.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew;
s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels;
s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels;
s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels;
s5, irradiating and drying the corn kernels obtained in the S4 by using medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%;
s6, bagging the corn kernels obtained in the S5, and storing the corn kernels in a shady and cool place in a dark place to obtain the sweet corn kernels; the corn kernels are cleaned in an oscillating mode by using flour water, so that the flour particles can adsorb micro impurities on the surfaces of the corn kernels, and meanwhile, the characteristic that the flour particles are insoluble in water is utilized, so that the adsorption area is greatly increased, and the cleaning efficiency is improved; the corn kernels are drained and dried by using the centrifugal drying machine, so that the draining efficiency of the corn kernels is accelerated; by adopting infrared to irradiate and dry the corn kernels, the characteristics of the new corn can be kept to the maximum extent.
And (3) comparison test:
selecting fresh sweet corn-honeysuckle 208; screening fresh sweet corn as soon as possible after harvesting, transporting to a laboratory within 2h, removing bract filaments, cleaning and trimming, and selecting corn ears which are regular in appearance, uniform in size, full in seeds, free of mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests, and free of rot and mildew as research materials; threshing corn ears, cleaning, draining, and dividing into three uniform parts, each of which is 2kg for later use;
comparative example 1: hot Air Drying (HAD Air Drying, HAD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, flatly paving the fresh sweet corn kernels on a material carrying plate of a drying box, drying the fresh sweet corn kernels by hot air at the temperature of 50 ℃ until the final moisture content of the corn kernels is below 5 percent, bagging the corn kernels, and storing the corn kernels in dark and cool places for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;
comparative example 2: vacuum Freeze Drying (VFD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, placing the fresh sweet corn kernels in a refrigerator at the temperature of-70 ℃ for pre-freezing for 12h, placing the fresh sweet corn kernels in a vacuum freeze dryer, cooling the temperature of a cold trap to-50 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be 50Pa, freeze-drying until the final moisture content of the corn kernels is below 5%, bagging, and storing the corn kernels in a dark and cool place for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;
comparative example 3: microwave Drying (Microwave Drying, MD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, uniformly spreading the fresh sweet corn kernels in a ceramic container, wherein the microwave power density is 2W/g; microwave drying until the final water content of the corn kernels is below 5%, bagging, and storing in shade for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;
example (b): short and medium wave induced drying (SMIRD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, uniformly spreading the fresh sweet corn kernels in a ceramic container, irradiating the fresh sweet corn kernels by using medium-short infrared light with the power density of 2W/g, drying the fresh sweet corn kernels until the final moisture content of the corn kernels is below 5 percent, bagging the corn kernels, and storing the corn kernels in dark and cool places for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;
the dried kernels from the above examples and comparative examples were measured and calculated to give the following table:
TABLE 1 Effect of drying on color
TABLE 2 Effect of drying mode on texture
| Hardness (g) | Brittleness (mm) | Chewiness (g sec) | Height (mm) | |
| Fresh and fresh | 270.050±20.518 | 1.540±0.180 | 9.603±0.903 | 5.342±0.484 |
| VFD | 274.116±13.576 | 0.600±0.142 | 19.198±2.225 | 5.096±0.351 |
| HAD | 1082.426±45.119 | 0.549±0.158 | 60.515±1.773 | 2.755±0.269 |
| MD | 1056.751±20.938 | 0.753±0.087 | 45.507±1.602 | 3.486±0.348 |
| SMIRD | 1068.598±19.441 | 0.620±0.067 | 23.221±0.996 | 2.932±0.543 |
TABLE 3 HS-SPME-GC-MS detection of fresh sweet corn volatile components and relative content
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A sweet corn drying method with high economic price is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew;
s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels;
s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels;
s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels;
s5, irradiating and drying the corn kernels obtained in the S4 by using medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%;
s6, bagging the corn kernels obtained in the S5, and storing the corn kernels in a dark and cool place to obtain the sweet corn kernels.
2. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the fresh sweet corn ear in S1 is the fresh sweet corn ear within 2h after picking and flower dropping.
3. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of flour to water required for preparing the flour water in S3 is 0.015-0.02.
4. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the power density of the middle and short infrared waves in S5 is 2W/g, wherein W is the power unit of the middle and short infrared waves, g is the corn kernel mass unit, and the wavelength of the middle and short infrared waves is 2.5-4 μm.
5. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the sweet corn ear in S1 is gold and silver 208.
6. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifugal drying machine in S4 is 1500-.
7. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the kernel integrity obtained in S2 is not less than 98% and enters S3.
8. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the flour water to the corn kernels in S3 is 3.5-5.2.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110740027.4A CN113519617A (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | High-economic-cost-performance sweet corn drying method |
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| CN202110740027.4A CN113519617A (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | High-economic-cost-performance sweet corn drying method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103300132A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-09-18 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for manufacturing Chinese date pieces by utilizing medium short wave infra-red drying method |
| CN103315047A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-09-25 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for producing carrot slices by medium-short wave infrared drying process |
| CN103947749A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 山东理工大学 | Infrared corncob stage drying technology |
| CN109393320A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江省东阳玉米研究所 | A kind of preparation method of corn dehydrated food |
-
2021
- 2021-06-30 CN CN202110740027.4A patent/CN113519617A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103300132A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-09-18 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for manufacturing Chinese date pieces by utilizing medium short wave infra-red drying method |
| CN103315047A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-09-25 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for producing carrot slices by medium-short wave infrared drying process |
| CN103947749A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 山东理工大学 | Infrared corncob stage drying technology |
| CN109393320A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江省东阳玉米研究所 | A kind of preparation method of corn dehydrated food |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 耿引循: "<《黄帝内经》《本草纲目》五谷蔬果养生全书>", 31 July 2013, 金盾出版社 * |
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