CN113517916A - Beam forming method of airborne phased array antenna - Google Patents

Beam forming method of airborne phased array antenna Download PDF

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CN113517916A
CN113517916A CN202110784759.3A CN202110784759A CN113517916A CN 113517916 A CN113517916 A CN 113517916A CN 202110784759 A CN202110784759 A CN 202110784759A CN 113517916 A CN113517916 A CN 113517916A
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theta
pointing angle
des
beam forming
weight vector
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CN113517916B (en
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颜滨
张大鹏
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Beijing Tongguanglong Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps: determining the pointing angle theta of a beamdesAnd the angular range (theta) of the pointing angle required to suppress side lobesl,θu) Wherein, thetades∈(θl,θu) (ii) a According to the pointing angle thetadesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector omega which minimizes the side lobe power; and adjusting the amplitude value and the phase value of each array element of the phased array antenna according to the weight vector omega to realize beam forming. According to the method, the higher sidelobe suppression capability can be obtained by adjusting the constraint conditions, the running time is short, the efficiency is high, and the engineering realization is facilitated.

Description

Beam forming method of airborne phased array antenna
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna.
Background
The existing airborne phased-array antenna does not or rarely adopts a beam forming algorithm, the antenna has higher side lobes, and when different antennas work simultaneously, mutual interference exists among the antennas, which can cause the antennas to be incapable of being used normally in serious cases. The side lobes of the antenna are the main targets for the enemy to intercept the receiver. Higher antenna sidelobe improves the intercepted probability and seriously influences the radio frequency stealth capability of the local machine. The antenna side lobe of the phased array antenna adopting the multi-beam mode is further improved.
In view of this, overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art products is an urgent problem to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem mainly solved by the application is to provide a beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna, which can obtain higher sidelobe suppression capability by adjusting constraint conditions, and has the advantages of short operation time, high efficiency and convenience for engineering realization.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application adopts a technical scheme that: a beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna is provided, and comprises the following steps:
determining the pointing angle theta of a beamdesAnd the angular range (theta) of the pointing angle required to suppress side lobesl,θu) Wherein, thetades∈(θl,θu)；
According to the pointing angle thetadesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector omega which minimizes the side lobe power;
and adjusting the amplitude value and the phase value of each array element of the phased array antenna according to the weight vector omega to realize beam forming.
Preferably, said angle θ is dependent on said pointing angledesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector ω that minimizes the side lobe power comprises:
an average sidelobe minimum beamforming algorithm is adopted to minimize the average sidelobe power, and the weight vector omega is calculated by meeting the specified constraint condition;
the constraint conditions are as follows: min | ωHα(θ)|2dθ，s.t.ωHα(θdes)＝1；
Where α is a direction vector, ω is a weight vector, and θ is an input angle.
Preferably, said angle θ is dependent on said pointing angledesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector ω that minimizes the side lobe power comprises:
at thetades∈(θl,θu) And traversing with a specified step length within the range, and according to the constraint condition,finding omegaHAnd P omega is the minimum value, and the weight vector omega corresponding to the minimum value is the beam forming parameter.
Preferably, when the pointing angle is 0, with the constraint of 10 around the pointing angle, the sidelobe suppression degree is-38.2 dB.
Preferably, when the pointing angle is 0, the side lobe suppression degree is-59.9 dB with the constraint of 15 degrees left and right from the pointing angle.
Preferably, the beamforming method further includes:
when the antenna simultaneously processes two beams with different directions, firstly, the beam forming is carried out under the condition of one direction angle;
and then beam forming is carried out according to the other pointing angle, and the numerical value of the weight vector omega is solved again to obtain an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value.
Preferably, the beamforming method is applicable to a single beam mode.
Preferably, the beamforming method is applicable to a multi-beam mode.
Preferably, the antenna is a one-dimensional 20-element phased array antenna.
The beneficial effect of this application is: the application provides a beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps: determining the pointing angle theta of a beamdesAnd the angular range (theta) of the pointing angle required to suppress side lobesl,θu) Wherein, thetades∈(θl,θu) (ii) a According to the pointing angle thetadesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector omega which minimizes the side lobe power; and adjusting the amplitude value and the phase value of each array element of the phased array antenna according to the weight vector omega to realize beam forming.
The application discloses a beam forming algorithm of an airborne phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna has good beam pointing capability and space anti-interference capability and is widely applied to an airborne platform. When an airborne platform is provided with a plurality of pairs of phased-array antennas, the space used by an installation is limited, the layout of the antennas is compact, the space isolation between the antennas is low, a complex electromagnetic environment is formed, and when a certain antenna works, the side lobe of the antenna generated in the transmitting process can interfere with the normal work of other antennas. And the higher antenna sidelobe improves the interception probability found by the enemy of the local machine and reduces the radio frequency stealth capability. In addition, in order to process multiple target signals simultaneously, a single beam cannot meet the use requirement, multiple beams need to be formed through a beam forming algorithm to aim at different signal targets, and multi-beam forming further leads to the increase of antenna side lobes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a beam forming method for an airborne phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a conventional single beam forming pattern provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an average side lobe minimum single beam forming pattern (offset 5) provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an average sidelobe minimum single beam forming pattern (offset 10) provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an average sidelobe minimum single beam forming pattern (offset 15) provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a conventional multi-beam forming pattern provided by embodiments of the present application;
figure 7 average side lobe minimum multi-beam forming patterns provided by embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In this application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the application. In the following description, details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not set forth in detail in order to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary detail. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
Example 1:
the method provides an average side lobe minimum beam forming algorithm based on a quadratic programming theory (QP). The algorithm first determines the pointing angle theta of the beamdesAnd gives the angular range (theta) where side lobe suppression is requiredl,θu) Wherein thetades∈(θl,θu) (ii) a Secondly, in order to realize sidelobe suppression, a weight vector omega capable of minimizing sidelobe power needs to be searched; and finally, adjusting the amplitude value and the phase value of each array element of the phased array antenna according to the solved weight vector omega to realize beam forming. The problem that the traditional phased array is high in antenna side lobe in a single-beam mode and a multi-beam mode is solved.
The following is a detailed description of the technical solution of the present application:
the embodiment provides a beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna, which is suitable for a single beam mode and is also suitable for a multi-beam mode.
The beamforming method comprises the following steps:
step 10: determining the pointing angle theta of a beamdesAnd the angular range (theta) of the pointing angle required to suppress side lobesl,θu) Wherein, thetades∈(θl,θu)。
Step 11: according to the pointing angle thetadesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector omega which minimizes the side lobe power;
step 12: and adjusting the amplitude value and the phase value of each array element of the phased array antenna according to the weight vector omega to realize beam forming.
In particular, said angle θ according to said pointing directiondesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector ω that minimizes the side lobe power comprises:
an average sidelobe minimum beamforming algorithm is adopted to minimize the average sidelobe power, and the weight vector omega is calculated by meeting the specified constraint condition;
the constraint conditions are as follows: min | ωHα(θ)|2dθ，s.t.ωHα(θdes)＝1；
Where α is a direction vector, ω is a weight vector, and θ is an input angle.
Further, the angle θ according to the pointing directiondesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector ω that minimizes the side lobe power comprises:
the above constraint can be converted to min ωHPω，s.t.ωHα(θdes) 1 is ═ 1; wherein P ═ α (θ) αH(θ) do may be calculated by numerical integration.
At thetades∈(θl,θu) In the range, traversal is carried out by the specified step length, and omega is solved according to the constraint conditionHAnd P omega is the minimum value, and the weight vector omega corresponding to the minimum value is the beam forming parameter.
In an actual application scenario, the beamforming method further includes:
when the antenna simultaneously processes two beams with different directions, firstly, the beam forming is carried out under the condition of one direction angle;
and then beam forming is carried out according to the other pointing angle, and the numerical value of the weight vector omega is solved again to obtain an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value.
The following is illustrated on the basis of specific examples:
in the embodiment, a one-dimensional 20-array-element phased array antenna model is adopted for algorithm simulation, the antenna array element interval is half wavelength, and the received signal is a far-field parallel narrow-band signal. For comparative analysis, the pointing angles were set to 0 °, respectively. Before beamforming, beamforming is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the sidelobe suppression degree is-13.2 dB when the pointing angle is 0 °.
At thetades∈(θl,θu) Traversing with a certain step length within the range, and solving omega according to the constraint conditionsHAnd P omega is the minimum value, and the weight vector omega corresponding to the minimum value is the beam forming parameter.
Simulation set Angle Range (θ)l,θu) For deviations of 5 degrees to the left and right of the pointing angle, the number of the weight vector omega is determinedAnd obtaining an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value. After beamforming, beamforming is as shown in fig. 3.
It can be seen from fig. 3 that when the pointing angle is 0 ° and the constraint condition is 5 ° away from the pointing angle, the sidelobe suppression degree is-19.9 dB, which is 6.7dB higher than that of the conventional beamforming.
Altering the simulated set angle range (θ)l,θu) And solving the numerical value of the weight vector omega for 10 degrees respectively at the left and right sides of the deviation pointing angle to obtain an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value. After beamforming, beamforming is as shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, when the pointing angle is 0 ° and the constraint conditions are 10 ° away from the pointing angle, the sidelobe suppression degree is-38.2 dB, which is 25dB higher than that of the conventional beamforming.
Altering the simulated set angle range (θ)l,θu) And solving the numerical value of the weight vector omega for 15 degrees respectively left and right of the deviation pointing angle to obtain an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value. After beamforming, beamforming is as shown in fig. 5.
It can be seen from figure 5 that when the pointing angle is 0 deg. and the constraint is 15 deg. away from the left and right of the pointing angle, the sidelobe suppression degree is-59.9 dB, which is a 46.7dB improvement over conventional beamforming.
Comparing fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, when the range of the deviation from the pointing angle is increased, the suppression capability of the side lobe is increased, but simultaneously, the width of the main lobe is also increased, and in the specific application process, a balanced selection between the width of the main lobe and the suppression capability of the side lobe is needed.
When the antenna simultaneously processes two beams with different pointing directions, the pointing angle is increased by 30 degrees under the condition of 0 degree of the original pointing angle. Before beamforming, beamforming is shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6, when there are two beam forming, the sidelobe suppression degree is-11.6 dB, which is deteriorated by 1.6dB compared to the single beam mode. And (3) adopting an average sidelobe minimum beam forming algorithm, increasing a constraint condition of a pointing angle of 30 degrees under the original constraint condition, and solving the numerical value of the weight vector omega again to obtain an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value. Beamforming is performed, and beamforming is shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, under multi-beam conditions, the sidelobe suppression degree is-32.1 dB, which is 20.5dB higher than that of the conventional beam forming.
In summary, the average side lobe minimum beamforming algorithm has a high side lobe suppression capability no matter in the single-beam mode or the multi-beam mode. By adjusting the constraint conditions, a higher sidelobe suppression capability can be obtained, but the main lobe becomes wider.
The method has the capability of single-beam ultralow sidelobe beam forming and also has the capability of multi-beam ultralow sidelobe beam forming, and can obtain better sidelobe suppression capability at the cost of broadening the main lobe.
Furthermore, the method has ultra-low antenna side lobe forming capability in single-beam and multi-beam modes, short algorithm running time, high efficiency and convenient engineering realization.
The application discloses a beam forming algorithm of an airborne phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna has good beam pointing capability and space anti-interference capability and is widely applied to an airborne platform. When an airborne platform is provided with a plurality of pairs of phased-array antennas, the space used by an installation is limited, the layout of the antennas is compact, the space isolation between the antennas is low, a complex electromagnetic environment is formed, and when a certain antenna works, the side lobe of the antenna generated in the transmitting process can interfere with the normal work of other antennas. And the higher antenna sidelobe improves the interception probability found by the enemy of the local machine and reduces the radio frequency stealth capability. In addition, in order to process multiple target signals simultaneously, a single beam cannot meet the use requirement, multiple beams need to be formed through a beam forming algorithm to aim at different signal targets, and multi-beam forming further leads to the increase of antenna side lobes.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A beam forming method of an airborne phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the pointing angle theta of a beamdesAnd the angular range (theta) of the pointing angle required to suppress side lobesl,θu) Wherein, thetades∈(θl,θu)；
According to the pointing angle thetadesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector omega which minimizes the side lobe power;
and adjusting the amplitude value and the phase value of each array element of the phased array antenna according to the weight vector omega to realize beam forming.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam forming is according to the pointing angle θdesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector ω that minimizes the side lobe power comprises:
an average sidelobe minimum beamforming algorithm is adopted to minimize the average sidelobe power, and the weight vector omega is calculated by meeting the specified constraint condition;
the constraint conditions are as follows: min | ωHα(θ)|2dθ，s.t.ωHα(θdes)＝1；
Where α is a direction vector, ω is a weight vector, and θ is an input angle.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the beam forming is according to the pointing angle θdesAnd the angular range (theta)l,θu) Determining a weight vector ω that minimizes the side lobe power comprises:
at thetades∈(θl,θu) In the range, traversal is carried out by the specified step length, and omega is solved according to the constraint conditionHP omega, the weight vector omega corresponding to the minimum value is the beam formingAnd (4) shape parameters.
4. The beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the sidelobe suppression degree is-38.2 dB when the pointing angle is 0 ° and the constraint condition is 10 ° away from the pointing angle.
5. A beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the side lobe suppression degree is-59.9 dB when the pointing angle is 0 ° and the constraint condition is 15 ° away from the pointing angle.
6. The beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the beamforming method further comprises:
when the antenna simultaneously processes two beams with different directions, firstly, the beam forming is carried out under the condition of one direction angle;
and then beam forming is carried out according to the other pointing angle, and the numerical value of the weight vector omega is solved again to obtain an amplitude weighted value and a phase modulation value.
7. The beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the beamforming method is applied to a single beam mode.
8. The beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the beamforming method is applied to a multi-beam mode.
9. The beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the antenna is a one-dimensional 20-element phased array antenna.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005099120A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-20 Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. A curve shaped intelligent antenna array and method of optimizing its structure parameter
CN108920767A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-11-30 河海大学 The double constraint lobe array antenna optimum design methods of cosecant quadratic sum synthesis phase
CN109787669A (en) * 2018-12-30 2019-05-21 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Joint inhibits the method for precoding of OFDMA system spectral sidelobes and peak-to-average force ratio
CN109921835A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 华为技术有限公司 A kind of user's matching method and access point
CN111400919A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-10 西安电子科技大学 Low sidelobe beam design method in array antenna

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005099120A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-20 Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. A curve shaped intelligent antenna array and method of optimizing its structure parameter
CN109921835A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 华为技术有限公司 A kind of user's matching method and access point
CN108920767A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-11-30 河海大学 The double constraint lobe array antenna optimum design methods of cosecant quadratic sum synthesis phase
CN109787669A (en) * 2018-12-30 2019-05-21 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Joint inhibits the method for precoding of OFDMA system spectral sidelobes and peak-to-average force ratio
CN111400919A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-10 西安电子科技大学 Low sidelobe beam design method in array antenna

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