CN113517421B - Lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system and die casting process - Google Patents

Lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system and die casting process Download PDF

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CN113517421B
CN113517421B CN202110786484.7A CN202110786484A CN113517421B CN 113517421 B CN113517421 B CN 113517421B CN 202110786484 A CN202110786484 A CN 202110786484A CN 113517421 B CN113517421 B CN 113517421B
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die
casting
state
current collector
pole piece
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CN113517421A (en
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钱凤军
吴波
罗业富
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Sichuan Wuliang Wisdom Road And Bridge Technology Co ltd
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Sichuan Wuliang Wisdom Road And Bridge Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0433Molding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • H01M4/622Binders being polymers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

A lithium battery pole piece die forming and die-casting system and die-casting process, the system includes conveying belt and drive wheel, the conveying belt is fitted with several die-casting devices fixedly, the die-casting device includes matched lower mould and upper mould, the lower mould is used for loading the mass flow body and slurry, the upper mould is used for squeezing the mass flow body and mass flow body located in the lower mould; and in the process that the die-casting device moves along the conveyor belt, at least one die-casting cycle is completed, in the die-casting cycle, the lower die and the upper die start to be cooled after being heated to the drying temperature, and in the cooling process, the upper die continues to apply pressure to the slurry and the current collector until the lithium battery pole piece is molded. The die-casting device disclosed by the invention independently completes at least one die-casting cycle in the process of moving on the conveying belt, and the upper die does not continuously apply pressure to materials in the lower die in one die-casting cycle, so that the current collector is effectively prevented from rebounding in the compression process, and the die-casting effect and quality of the die-casting process are obviously improved.

Description

Lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system and die casting process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium battery pole piece processing, in particular to a lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system and a die casting process.
Background
With the development of lithium ion battery technology, the application range of lithium ion batteries is more and more extensive, and the lithium ion batteries are widely applied to the fields of electric vehicles, large-scale power supplies and energy storage besides portable electronic products. The lithium ion battery is popular with consumers due to the characteristics of high specific energy, high voltage, small self-discharge, environmental protection, good safety and the like.
The pole piece of the lithium battery is an important component of the lithium battery. The quality of the lithium battery can be seriously influenced by the defects of the pole piece of the lithium battery, and even potential safety hazards are generated. The manufacture of the battery pole piece belongs to the front-stage process of the lithium battery technology, and can be further divided into five processes of slurry preparation, slurry coating, pole piece rolling, pole piece slitting and pole piece drying. Patent CN112886068A discloses a method for manufacturing a lithium battery, which comprises the steps of preparing a negative electrode slurry or a positive electrode slurry, coating the negative electrode slurry or the positive electrode slurry on a copper foil or an aluminum foil, rolling, and cutting to obtain a negative electrode sheet or a positive electrode sheet.
However, in the conventional manufacturing process of the battery pole piece, the battery pole piece can rebound to a certain degree after being rolled, and the larger the rebound of the region with concentrated stress in the material region is, the problems of uneven thickness and inconsistent compaction density of the pole piece are caused; in addition, before rolling, in order to save the use amount of the active substance, the width of the coating is generally smaller than the width of the foil strip, namely, the edge of the foil strip is not covered with the active substance in a region with the width of several millimeters, so that the region which is not covered with the active substance during rolling is not contacted with a double roller of a rolling machine, so that secondary extension does not occur, and the copper foil and the aluminum foil have continuous extensibility, so that the extension degree of the region which is not attached with the active substance on the foil strip is different from that of the region which is large in the middle of the foil strip and is attached with the active substance, a wavy fold is formed at the edge of the foil strip, and the whole pole piece is easily scrapped in serious cases, and the yield is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system and a die casting process, which are used for solving the problems of pole piece rebound and inconsistent ductility of each area caused by a rolling procedure adopted in a lithium battery pole piece production process in the prior art.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system comprises a conveyor belt and a driving wheel used for driving the conveyor belt to move, wherein a plurality of die casting devices are fixedly mounted on the conveyor belt, each die casting device comprises a lower die and an upper die which are matched with each other, the lower die is used for filling a current collector and paving slurry on the upper surface of the current collector, and the upper die is used for extruding the slurry and the current collector in the lower die; the in-process that the die-casting device removed along the conveyer belt, accomplishes a die-casting circulation at least in the die-casting circulation, the bed die begins the cooling after rising the temperature to stoving temperature with last mould, and at the in-process of cooling, last mould lasts and applies pressure until lithium battery pole piece shaping to thick liquids and the current collector in the bed die.
The die-casting device adopted by the technical scheme is used for completing a die-casting process so as to replace a rolling process in the traditional lithium battery pole piece process, and fundamentally avoids a series of problems such as pole piece rebound and the like caused by the rolling process.
Specifically, the driving wheel and the conveyor belt can adopt the existing device, the conveyor belt continuously moves under the driving of the driving wheel, and a plurality of die-casting devices fixedly arranged on the conveyor belt synchronously move along with the conveyor belt. Each die-casting device comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein the upper die and the lower die are matched with each other, namely the upper die and the lower die are matched in position and size, so that the upper die can move downwards and extrude materials in the lower die, and the battery pole piece is pressed to the required compaction density. The lower die is used for placing a current collector which is cut into required specifications, and slurry is poured above the current collector, so that the slurry is spread on the upper surface of the current collector. Preferably, the shape and size of the cavity of the lower die are matched with the placed current collector, so that when the current collector is placed on the bottom surface of the cavity, a space for accommodating slurry is formed above the current collector, and the slurry above the space does not contact with the lower surface of the current collector. Therefore, in some embodiments, the upper and lower molds are detachably mounted on the base or the conveyor belt, so that the specifications of the upper and lower molds can be changed according to the required specifications of the current collector.
Each die casting device is required to complete at least one die casting cycle during its travel along the conveyor. In a die-casting cycle, the upper die and the lower die of the die-casting device are heated and then cooled, in the process of cooling, the upper die starts to move downwards and continuously applies pressure to materials in the lower die, and finally the current collector and the slurry are die-cast into the lithium battery pole piece with specific compaction density.
In some embodiments, the heating of the upper and lower dies of the die casting device is achieved by external means. For example, the upper and lower dies of the die casting device are located in the heating cavity, the driving device of the die casting device is located outside the heating cavity to prevent overheating, and the temperature of the heating cavity is controlled to raise the upper and lower dies to a specified drying temperature. In some embodiments, the heating of the upper die and the lower die of the die casting device can also be realized by a heating device, such as a resistance heating wire, which is arranged on the die casting device, so that the heating efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the drying temperature is 140 to 160 ℃, preferably 145 to 155 ℃, and more preferably 150 ℃. After the drying temperature is reached, the slurry in the lower die is heated to raise the temperature, the surface of the dried slurry is always kept with moist moisture for evaporation, the drying speed is kept stable at the moment and is in a constant-speed drying state, the drying temperature is set to be 140-160 ℃, crystallization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) serving as an adhesive in the slurry is facilitated, and the PVDF has high crystallinity in a temperature range, so that the PVDF has good binding power and has positive effects on internal resistance and cycle performance of a manufactured battery.
After the constant-speed drying state lasts for a period of time, the upper die and the lower die stop heating, the temperature can be naturally reduced at the moment, the temperature can also be actively reduced through the control of the temperature control system, the upper die moves towards the lower die in the process of reducing the temperature and extrudes the slurry and the current collector in the cavity of the lower die, and finally the battery pole piece is obtained through die-casting.
In one or more embodiments, the conveyer belt is an annular conveyer belt, so that after a lithium battery pole piece in the die casting device is taken out, the die casting device can be switched from a material taking state to a material charging state, two die casting cycles are in seamless connection, a current collector cut to a required specification is placed into a lower die by using the mechanical arm again, slurry is poured onto the current collector, and rapid, efficient, cyclic and automatic production of the battery pole piece is realized.
Before operation, the copper foil or the aluminum foil is cut to obtain the current collector with the required specification. Preferably, the aluminum foil and the copper foil are processed into a current collector finished product with a required specification by laser cutting, so as to reduce or avoid burrs or wavy edges generated at the edge of the current collector. In addition, the cutting process is arranged before the die-casting process, so that the waste of slurry caused by cutting the current collector after the slurry is coated is avoided.
When the lithium battery pole piece forming device is operated, after a cut current collector is placed in a lower die, anode slurry or cathode slurry prepared in advance is poured onto the upper surface of the current collector, then the upper die and/or the lower die are heated through an external or internal heating device, heating is stopped after the temperature is raised to a drying temperature, the slurry and the current collector are actively cooled or naturally cooled, the upper die is pressed into the lower die in the cooling process, the pressure applied by the upper die is gradually increased, the compaction density of the current collector is gradually increased, pressing is stopped after the current collector finally reaches the expected thickness, the upper die is lifted, and the formed lithium battery pole piece is taken out.
In the technical scheme, a die-casting process is adopted to replace a rolling process adopted in the traditional production process, the upper die is continuously pressed down to extrude the current collector and the slurry, the compaction density of the current collector is gradually increased along with the gradual increase of the pressure of the upper die, the current collector does not rebound after the external force is removed, the pressure borne by each part of the current collector is consistent, and the condition that the ductility of each area is inconsistent does not occur, so that the thickness and the compaction density of the battery pole piece prepared by the die-casting process can be kept highly consistent, and the processing quality, the precision and the yield of the battery pole piece are obviously improved; meanwhile, the die-casting device independently completes at least one die-casting cycle in the process of moving on the conveying belt, and the upper die continuously applies pressure to the materials in the lower die without interruption in one die-casting cycle, so that the current collector is effectively prevented from rebounding in the compression process, and the die-casting effect and quality of the die-casting process are further improved; in addition, a preset amount of slurry is poured into a lower die of the die-casting device, and the amount of the slurry on each current collector can be accurately controlled, so that the compaction density and the thickness of each battery pole piece are ensured to be consistent under the condition that die-casting conditions are consistent, and high-precision machining is realized in the true sense.
Further, the die-casting circulation includes feed state, stoving state, die-casting state and gets the material state in proper order, wherein:
in the charging state, a current collector is charged into the lower die, and slurry is poured on the current collector;
in the drying state, heating the upper die and the lower die to a drying temperature;
in the die-casting state, the temperatures of the upper die and the lower die are continuously reduced, and the upper die extrudes the current collector and the slurry in the lower die;
in the material taking state, removing the pressure applied to the lithium battery pole piece by the upper die, and taking out the lithium battery pole piece from the lower die;
the temperature of the upper die and the lower die in the die-casting state is lower than that of the upper die and the lower die in the drying state.
In the technical scheme, in a single die-casting cycle, the die-casting device firstly enters a charging state, the charging state is that a current collector which is cut into a required shape and size is placed into an empty die, and slurry is poured into the upper surface of the current collector. After the charging is finished, the die-casting device enters a drying state, the temperature rise of the die-casting device is controlled in the continuous moving process until the upper die and the lower die are heated to the drying temperature, the slurry is dried at a constant speed at the drying temperature, the surface of the dried slurry is always kept with moist moisture for evaporation, and the die-casting device continuously moves in the whole drying state; the temperature of the upper die and the lower die reaches the drying temperature or begins to be reduced after the drying temperature is kept for a certain time, the die-casting device enters a die-casting state in the continuous cooling process, the upper die is continuously controlled to extrude materials in the lower die during the die-casting state, the final die-casting is completed, and the formed lithium battery pole piece is obtained; and finally, taking out the formed lithium battery pole piece through a mechanical arm in a material taking state.
In a drying state, the upper die and the lower die of the die-casting device are continuously heated to finally reach a preset drying temperature, and the drying temperature can be kept for a period of time or not; after the die-casting state is entered, the upper die and the lower die are continuously cooled, the speed reduction drying is realized, meanwhile, the pressure exerted on the material by the upper die is increased in the speed reduction drying process, and finally, the maximum pressure and the minimum temperature, such as room temperature, are reached when the die-casting state is finished. In the cooling process, the diffusion rate of the moisture in the slurry is lower than the vaporization rate of the surface moisture at the wet bulb temperature in the early stage of cooling, at the moment, the surface of the slurry cannot be maintained to be fully wet to form a dry area, the drying rate is reduced compared with that in a constant-speed drying stage, and the vaporization surface of the moisture gradually moves towards the interior of the material along with the continuous reduction of the temperature, so that the heat and mass transfer path is lengthened, the resistance is increased, and the drying rate is further reduced.
The die-casting circulation is through the deceleration stoving with pressure boost gradually, not only can avoid too high temperature to meet the shrink phenomenon appearing after the cold suddenly, the coating defect appears, is favorable to the thick liquids evenly to expand moreover and the thick liquids drying of deceleration stoving in-process, can also further prevent the pole piece bounce-back simultaneously, finally reaches required compaction density.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the die casting state includes a final state in which the upper die applies a final pressure to the current collector and the slurry, and at least one pre-pressing state in which the upper die applies an intermediate pressure to the current collector and the slurry, wherein a pressure value of the intermediate pressure is smaller than a pressure value of the final pressure; when the pre-pressing state or the final state is reached, the upper die keeps the current pressure for a period of time. In the technical scheme, the pressure values of the pre-pressing states are sequentially increased, and the maximum intermediate pressure of the pressure values is smaller than the final pressure. That is, after entering the die casting state, the upper die continuously moves downwards from the position where the upper die is not in contact with the slurry or just in contact with the slurry, stops at least once in the moving process, and finally moves to the die casting position. When the position of the prepressing state or the final state is reached, the upper die keeps the current position for a period of time so as to maintain the current pressure for a period of time. This embodiment not only is favorable to the thick liquids evenly to expand, is favorable to the thick liquids drying of deceleration stoving in-process moreover, can also further prevent the pole piece bounce-back simultaneously, finally reaches required compaction density.
As a preferred embodiment of the pressure holding control in the present invention, the real-time temperatures of the upper and lower molds are used to adjust the corresponding pressures and holding times thereof. Specifically, in the process that the temperatures of the upper die and the lower die are continuously decreased, when the temperatures are lower than a preset value, the pressure applied by the upper die on the current collector and the slurry is increased to an intermediate pressure or a final pressure corresponding to the preset value. After the drying state is finished, the temperatures of the upper die and the lower die start to fall from the drying temperature, the upper die starts to move downwards, the pressure borne by the material in the lower die is increased, when the temperature is reduced to a first preset value, for example, a first threshold value, the upper die moves downwards to a first position, the pressure exerted on the material by the upper die is equal to a first pressure at the first position, and the pressure value of the first pressure corresponds to the first threshold value. Similarly, when the temperature continues to decrease to the second threshold, the pressure exerted on the material by the upper mold is equal to the second pressure corresponding to the second threshold, and when the temperature is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the upper mold may be maintained at the first position or slowly moved downward from the first position to the second position. Finally, when the temperature is lower than the final threshold value, for example, after the temperature reaches the room temperature, the upper die moves to the final die-casting position, the final pressure is applied, the die-casting is completed after the final pressure is maintained for a certain time, and the material taking state is entered.
As a preferable structure of the die-casting device, the die-casting device comprises a base, a lower die and a support column are arranged on the base, a fixed platform is arranged on the support column, a driving device is arranged on the fixed platform and connected with an upper die, and the driving device is used for driving the upper die to extrude slurry and a current collector in the lower die.
In this technical scheme, the die-casting device includes the base, the base is used for dismantling with the conveyer belt and is connected. The base is provided with a lower die and a pillar, wherein a fixed platform fixedly mounted on the pillar is used for carrying a driving device. In one or more embodiments, the driving device may be a hydraulic cylinder, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by a hydraulic oil pump to move in the vertical direction, so as to drive the upper mold directly or indirectly connected to the piston rod to move in the vertical direction. In one or more embodiments, the driving device may also be a motor, and preferably, the motor may be a stepping motor or a servo motor, and the screw rod is driven to rotate by the motor, so as to drive the upper mold directly or indirectly connected with the screw rod to move in the vertical direction.
As a preferable structure of the driving device, the driving device comprises a motor, the output end of the motor is connected with a lifting screw rod through a speed reducer, the lifting screw rod is in threaded connection with a moving platform, and the lower surface of the moving platform is connected to the upper die through a connecting rod.
In the technical scheme, the motor preferably adopts a stepping motor or a servo motor, and the fine adjustment of the number of rotation turns of the lifting screw rod is realized through the speed reducer, so that the accurate adjustment of the position of the upper die and the fine adjustment of the pressure applied to the upper die are realized. The lifting screw rod has the same function as the screw rod. The movable platform is provided with a through hole for the lifting screw to movably penetrate through, the inner wall of the through hole is in threaded fit with the lifting screw, and then the movable platform is driven to move up and down relative to the fixed platform in the process of allowing the lifting screw to rotate. Through the setting, the self-locking function of the lifting screw rod is utilized, so that the battery pole piece can be prevented from rebounding in the step-by-step pressurizing process, the compaction density and the thickness of the pole piece can be accurately controlled, and the quality and the yield of the battery pole piece are obviously improved.
Furthermore, a guide hole is formed in the moving platform, and the inner wall of the guide hole is matched with the outer wall of the support column. Through set up the guiding hole on moving platform, and ensure the internal diameter of guiding hole and the outer wall phase-match of pillar to make moving platform, last mould can reciprocate along the pillar steadily, ensure to go up the effort that the mould applyed downwards and follow the plummet direction all the time, avoid the die-casting in-process to appear the skew, improve the stability and the security of device and lithium battery polar plate homogeneity everywhere.
Further, the die-casting device still includes the controller, be provided with first heating device and first thermometer on the bed die, upward be provided with second heating device and second thermometer on the mould, the controller will through controlling first heating device, second heating device the bed die, go up the mould and heat up to stoving temperature, the controller passes through first thermometer, second thermometer monitoring bed die, goes up the real-time temperature of mould, and according to real-time temperature, adjust the pressure that the mould was applyed on thick liquids, mass flow body through control drive arrangement.
Preferably, the controller is mounted on a fixed platform. Heating devices are arranged in the upper die and the lower die, heating resistance wires are preferably adopted by the heating devices, and the heating devices are electrically connected with the controller and controlled to be opened or closed by the controller. In some embodiments, the controller may set a temperature-raising time to raise the temperature of the upper mold and the lower mold to a preset drying temperature within a certain time, so as to heat the slurry and the current collector in the lower mold to the drying temperature, and stop heating after the drying time is reached, and reduce the temperature of the die-casting device through active cooling or natural cooling.
Furthermore, thermometers are arranged on the lower die and the upper die, the thermometers are used for monitoring the real-time temperatures of the lower die and the upper die and sending electric signals to the controller when the real-time temperatures are lower than a preset value, and the controller adjusts the pressure applied to the slurry and the current collector by the upper die according to the electric signals to reach the pressure corresponding to the preset value. In the technical scheme, the holding time of the upper die at the intermediate pressure or the final pressure can be set by utilizing the real-time temperature of the die-casting device. Specifically, after entering the drying state, the drying rate is kept stable and a constant-speed drying state is presented. With the closing of the heating device, when the real-time temperature continuously drops to be lower than the threshold value, the thermometer immediately sends an electric signal to the controller, and the controller adjusts the position of the upper die according to the electric signal, so that the pressure applied by the upper die is adjusted to reach the pressure corresponding to the preset value.
In this technical scheme, the controller is used for sending the signal of telecommunication to drive arrangement for drive arrangement drives the mould and removes appointed distance along vertical direction, and then applys predetermined pressure to the mass flow body, thick liquids. In one or more embodiments, when the driving device is a hydraulic cylinder, the controller drives the hydraulic oil pump to push the piston rod to move up or down for a designated distance, and further drives the upper die to move for a designated distance, and during the process of pressing in the lower die and continuously moving down, the preset pressure is applied. In one or more embodiments, when the driving device is a motor, the controller drives the motor to rotate for a specified number of turns, drives the screw rod to rotate for a specified number of turns, further drives the upper die to move for a specified distance, and applies a preset pressure during pressing in the lower die and continuously moving downwards. Through the accurate control of the controller, the final pressure born by each battery pole piece between batches can be ensured to be completely consistent, and then the battery pole pieces with higher specification consistency can be produced.
The conveyor belt can be set long enough to reduce the temperature of the die casting device by natural cooling. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the die casting device is reduced by an active cooling method. Specifically, the system further comprises a cooling unit, wherein the cooling unit is used for reducing the temperature of the die-casting device with the temperature reaching the drying temperature, so that the cooling speed of the die-casting device is increased, the stroke and time of the die-casting device for completing one die-casting period are shortened, and the production efficiency is further improved. In some embodiments, the setting position of the cooling unit is configured to reduce the temperature of the die-casting device at the drying temperature to a temperature required to switch to the die-casting state; and/or the cooling unit is used for reducing the temperature of the die-casting device in the prepressing state to the temperature required for switching to the final state. In one or more embodiments, the cooling unit may employ any of the existing cooling mechanisms, such as fans, air conditioning boxes, tunnel cooling systems, and the like.
The invention also provides a lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting process, which adopts any one of the die casting systems, and the process specifically comprises the following steps:
the conveying belt drives each die-casting device to move;
in the moving process, the die-casting device at least completes one die-casting cycle, and in the die-casting cycle, the die-casting device sequentially enters a charging state, a drying state, a die-casting state and a material taking state; under the charging state, the current collector is packed into in the bed die to pour thick liquids into on the current collector under the stoving state, go up mould, bed die and heat up to stoving temperature under the die-casting state, the temperature of going up mould, bed die continues to reduce, and goes up the mass collector and the thick liquids in the mould extrusion bed die under the material state, unload the pressure that the mould exerted on lithium battery pole piece under getting the material state, and take out lithium battery pole piece in the bed die.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, a die-casting process is adopted to replace a rolling process adopted in the traditional production process, the upper die is continuously pressed down to extrude the current collector and the slurry, the compaction density of the current collector is gradually increased along with the gradual increase of the pressure of the upper die, the current collector does not rebound after the external force is removed, the pressure on each part of the current collector is consistent, and the condition that the ductility of each area is inconsistent does not occur, so that the thickness and the compaction density of the battery pole piece prepared by the die-casting process can be kept highly consistent, and the processing quality, the precision and the yield of the battery pole piece are obviously improved;
2. the die-casting device disclosed by the invention independently completes at least one die-casting cycle in the process of moving on the conveying belt, and the upper die continuously applies pressure to materials in the lower die in one die-casting cycle without interruption, so that the current collector is effectively prevented from rebounding in the compression process, and the die-casting effect and quality of a die-casting process are further improved;
3. according to the invention, the predetermined amount of slurry is poured into the lower die of the die-casting device, and the amount of the slurry on each current collector can be accurately controlled, so that the compaction density and the thickness of each battery pole piece are ensured to be consistent under the condition of consistent die-casting conditions, and high-precision processing is really realized;
4. the die-casting circulation of the invention is through reducing speed and drying and pressurizing gradually, not only can avoid the phenomenon of shrinkage after the overhigh temperature is suddenly cooled and the coating defect, but also is beneficial to the uniform spreading of the slurry and the drying of the slurry in the reducing speed and drying process, and can further prevent the rebound of the pole piece, and finally reach the required compaction density;
5. the die-casting state comprises a final state and at least one prepressing state, which is not only beneficial to the uniform spreading of the slurry, but also beneficial to the drying of the slurry in the speed-reducing drying process, and simultaneously can further prevent the rebound of the pole piece and finally achieve the required compacted density;
6. according to the invention, the lifting screw is adopted to control the lifting platform to move up and down, so that the upper die can be stably moved up and down along the support column, the offset in the die casting process is avoided, the stability and the safety of the device are improved, the lifting screw has a self-locking function, the battery pole piece is prevented from rebounding in the step-by-step pressurizing process, the compaction density and the thickness of the pole piece are accurately controlled, and the quality and the yield of the battery pole piece are obviously improved;
7. the die-casting system provided by the invention realizes the active cooling of the die-casting equipment by arranging the cooling unit, thereby accelerating the cooling speed of the die-casting equipment, shortening the stroke and time of the die-casting device for completing one die-casting period and further improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a medium pressure casting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a die casting device on a conveyor belt being cooled and then being switched from a drying state to a die casting state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a die casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a die casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a charged state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the die casting device in a drying state according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a die-casting device in a pre-pressing state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a die-casting device in a die-casting state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the die-casting device in the material-taking state after completing die-casting in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block flow diagram of a die casting process in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-conveyor belt, 2-driving wheel, 3-die casting device, 4-cooling unit, 31-base, 32-support, 33-lower die, 331-first heating device, 34-upper die, 341-second heating device, 35-fixed platform, 36-motor, 37-speed reducer, 38-lifting screw rod, 39-moving platform, 40-connecting rod, 41-controller, 42-current collector and 43-slurry.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the lithium battery pole piece mold forming and die-casting system shown in fig. 1 to fig. 8 includes a conveyor belt 1 and a driving wheel 2 for driving the conveyor belt 1 to move, a plurality of die-casting devices 3 are fixedly mounted on the conveyor belt 1, each die-casting device 3 includes a lower mold 33 and an upper mold 34 that are matched with each other, the lower mold 33 is used for loading a current collector 42 and slurry 43 laid on the upper surface of the current collector 42, and the upper mold 34 is used for extruding the slurry 43 and the current collector 42 in the lower mold 33;
in the process that the die-casting device 3 moves along the conveyor belt 1, at least one die-casting cycle is completed, in the die-casting cycle, the lower die 33 and the upper die 34 start to cool after being heated to the drying temperature, and in the cooling process, the upper die 34 continuously applies pressure to the slurry 43 and the current collector 42 in the lower die 33 until the lithium battery pole piece is formed.
In some embodiments, the heating of the upper and lower dies of the die casting device is achieved by external means. For example, the upper and lower molds of the die casting device are located in the heating cavity, the driving device of the die casting device is located outside the heating cavity to prevent overheating, and the temperature of the heating cavity is controlled to raise the upper and lower molds to a specified drying temperature. In some embodiments, the heating of the upper die and the lower die of the die casting device can also be realized by a heating device, such as a resistance heating wire, which is arranged on the die casting device, so that the heating efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the drying temperature is 140 to 160 ℃, preferably 145 to 155 ℃, and further preferably 150 ℃. After the drying temperature is reached, the slurry in the lower die is heated to raise the temperature, the surface of the dried slurry is always kept with moist moisture for evaporation, the drying speed is kept stable at the moment and is in a constant-speed drying state, the drying temperature is set to be 140-160 ℃, crystallization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) serving as an adhesive in the slurry is facilitated, and the PVDF has high crystallinity in a temperature range, so that the PVDF has good binding power and has positive effects on internal resistance and cycle performance of a manufactured battery.
In one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the conveyor belt is an endless conveyor belt, so that after a lithium battery pole piece in the die casting device is taken out, the die casting device can be switched from a material taking state to a material charging state, two die casting cycles are seamlessly connected, the current collector cut to a required specification is placed into a lower die by using the mechanical arm again, and slurry is poured onto the current collector, so that rapid, efficient, cyclic and automatic production of the battery pole piece is realized.
In one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, in the drying state, the lower surface of the upper mold is in contact with or very close to the upper surface of the slurry, so that the upper surface of the slurry is dried by the high temperature of the upper mold, and the drying rate is increased.
Before operation, the copper foil or the aluminum foil is cut to obtain the current collector with the required specification. Preferably, the aluminum foil and the copper foil are processed into a current collector finished product with a required specification by laser cutting, so as to reduce or avoid burrs or wavy edges generated at the edge of the current collector. In addition, the cutting process is arranged before the die-casting process, so that the waste of slurry caused by cutting the current collector after the slurry is coated is avoided.
When the lithium battery pole piece forming device is operated, after a cut current collector is placed in a lower die, anode slurry or cathode slurry prepared in advance is poured onto the upper surface of the current collector, then the upper die and/or the lower die are heated through an external or internal heating device, heating is stopped after the temperature is raised to a drying temperature, the slurry and the current collector are actively cooled or naturally cooled, the upper die is pressed into the lower die in the cooling process, the pressure applied by the upper die is gradually increased, the compaction density of the current collector is gradually increased, pressing is stopped after the current collector finally reaches the expected thickness, the upper die is lifted, and the formed lithium battery pole piece is taken out.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the die-casting circulation includes the state of feeding, the state of drying, die-casting state and gets the material state in proper order, wherein:
in the charged state, the current collector 42 is loaded in the lower mold 33, and the slurry 43 is poured on the current collector 42;
in the drying state, the upper die 34 and the lower die 33 are heated to the drying temperature;
in the die-casting state, the temperatures of the upper die 34 and the lower die 33 are continuously reduced, and the upper die 34 presses the current collector 42 and the slurry 43 in the lower die 33;
in the material taking state, the pressure applied to the lithium battery pole piece by the upper die 34 is removed, and the lithium battery pole piece is taken out from the lower die 33;
the temperature of the upper die 34 and the lower die 33 in the die casting state is lower than that of the upper die 34 and the lower die 33 in the drying state.
In a drying state, the upper die and the lower die of the die-casting device are continuously heated to finally reach a preset drying temperature, and the drying temperature can be kept for a period of time or not; after the die-casting state is entered, the upper die and the lower die are continuously cooled, the speed reduction drying is realized, meanwhile, the pressure exerted on the material by the upper die is increased in the speed reduction drying process, and finally, the maximum pressure and the minimum temperature, such as room temperature, are reached when the die-casting state is finished. In the cooling process, the diffusion rate of the moisture in the slurry is lower than the vaporization rate of the surface moisture at the wet bulb temperature in the early stage of cooling, at the moment, the surface of the slurry cannot be maintained to be fully wet to form a dry area, the drying rate is reduced compared with that in a constant-speed drying stage, and the vaporization surface of the moisture gradually moves towards the interior of the material along with the continuous reduction of the temperature, so that the heat and mass transfer path is lengthened, the resistance is increased, and the drying rate is further reduced.
The die-casting circulation is through the deceleration stoving with pressure boost gradually, not only can avoid too high temperature to meet the shrink phenomenon appearing after the cold suddenly, the coating defect appears, is favorable to the thick liquids evenly to expand moreover and the thick liquids drying of deceleration stoving in-process, can also further prevent the pole piece bounce-back simultaneously, finally reaches required compaction density.
Example 3:
on the basis of the above embodiment, the die-casting state includes a final state in which the upper die 34 applies final pressure to the current collector 42 and the slurry 43, and at least one pre-pressing state in which the upper die 34 applies intermediate pressure to the current collector 42 and the slurry 43, the pressure value of the intermediate pressure being smaller than that of the final pressure; when the pre-pressing state or the final state is reached, the upper die 34 maintains the current pressure for a period of time.
This embodiment not only is favorable to the thick liquids evenly to expand, is favorable to the thick liquids drying of deceleration stoving in-process moreover, can also further prevent the pole piece bounce-back simultaneously, finally reaches required compaction density.
In one or more embodiments, the obtained compaction density of the battery pole piece for the positive electrode is 3.2-3.6 g/cm3The obtained battery pole piece for the negative electrode has the compaction density of 1.3-1.6 g/cm3. Preferably, the compaction density of the positive battery pole piece is 3.5g/cm3The compacted density of the negative battery pole piece is 1.5g/cm3. The compaction density can affect the imbibition value, the internal resistance, the high-rate discharge performance and the median voltage, and the difference of the parameters can affect the high-rate cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, so that the compaction density has a more complex effect on the high-rate cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
In some embodiments, a timing unit may be provided, the timing unit is configured to start accumulating time when the pressure applied by the upper mold reaches any intermediate pressure or final pressure and send a stop signal to the controller, the controller controls the driving device to stop driving the upper mold according to the stop signal, and when the accumulated time is longer than a preset time, the timing unit is configured to send a start signal to the controller, and the controller controls the driving device to start driving the upper mold according to the start signal. According to the technical scheme, a timing unit is arranged in or externally connected with the controller, timing is started when the timing unit sends a stop signal to the controller after any intermediate pressure or final pressure is reached, the controller controls the driving device to stop working after receiving the stop signal, and the upper die keeps the current pressure for a period of time. And when the time obtained by timing of the timing unit is longer than the preset time, stopping timing and sending a starting signal to the controller, and after receiving the starting signal, the controller controls the driving device to start working again to drive the upper die to continuously press down to reach the next intermediate pressure or the final pressure.
Example 4:
on the basis of the above embodiments, the real-time temperatures of the upper and lower molds are utilized to adjust the corresponding pressures and the holding times thereof. In the process that the temperatures of the upper die 34 and the lower die 33 are continuously decreased, when the temperatures are lower than a preset value, the pressure applied by the upper die 34 on the current collector 42 and the slurry 43 is increased to an intermediate pressure or a final pressure corresponding to the preset value.
In the process that the temperatures of the upper die and the lower die are continuously reduced, when the temperatures are lower than a preset value, the pressure applied by the upper die on the current collector and the slurry is increased to an intermediate pressure or a final pressure corresponding to the preset value. After the drying state is finished, the temperatures of the upper die and the lower die start to fall from the drying temperature, the upper die starts to move downwards, the pressure borne by the material in the lower die is increased, when the temperature is reduced to a first preset value, for example, a first threshold value, the upper die moves downwards to a first position, the pressure exerted on the material by the upper die is equal to the first pressure at the first position, and the pressure value of the first pressure corresponds to the first threshold value. Similarly, when the temperature continues to decrease to the second threshold, the pressure exerted on the material by the upper mold is equal to the second pressure corresponding to the second threshold, and when the temperature is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the upper mold may be maintained at the first position or slowly moved downward from the first position to the second position. Finally, when the temperature is lower than the final threshold value, for example, after the temperature reaches the room temperature, the upper die moves to the final die-casting position, the final pressure is applied, the die-casting is completed after the final pressure is maintained for a certain time, and the material taking state is entered.
Example 5:
as shown in fig. 2 to 7, on the basis of the above embodiment, the die casting device 3 includes a base 31, a lower die 33 and a pillar 32 are disposed on the base 31, a fixed platform 35 is disposed on the pillar 32, a driving device is disposed on the fixed platform 35, the driving device is connected to an upper die 34, and the driving device is used for driving the upper die 34 to press a slurry 43 and a current collector 42 which are located in the lower die 33.
In some embodiments, the driving device includes a motor 36, an output end of the motor 36 is connected with a lifting screw 38 through a speed reducer 37, the lifting screw 38 is connected with a moving platform 39 in a threaded manner, and a lower surface of the moving platform 39 is connected to the upper mold 34 through a connecting rod 40; the moving platform 39 is provided with a guide hole, the inner wall of which cooperates with the outer wall of the pillar 32.
In this embodiment, the motor is preferably a stepping motor or a servo motor, and the fine adjustment of the number of turns of the lifting screw is realized through the speed reducer, so as to realize the accurate adjustment of the position of the upper die and the fine adjustment of the pressure applied to the upper die.
Through adopting lifting screw to control lift platform and reciprocate, not only can realize going up the mould and steadily reciprocate along the pillar, avoid appearing the skew in the die-casting process, improve the stability and the security of device, lifting screw has self-locking function moreover, can be at the in-process that steps up the pressure boost step by step, avoid battery pole piece to bounce-back to the compaction density and the thickness of accurate control pole piece are showing the quality and the yield that improve battery pole piece.
In some embodiments, the die casting apparatus 3 further includes a controller 41, the lower mold 33 is provided with a first heating device 331 and a first temperature gauge, the upper mold 34 is provided with a second heating device 341 and a second temperature gauge, the controller 41 raises the temperatures of the lower mold 33 and the upper mold 34 to the drying temperature by controlling the first heating device 331 and the second heating device 341, and the controller 41 monitors the real-time temperatures of the lower mold 33 and the upper mold 34 by the first temperature gauge and the second temperature gauge, and adjusts the pressures applied to the slurry 43 and the current collector 42 by the upper mold 34 by controlling the driving device according to the real-time temperatures.
Example 6:
as shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the above embodiment, a cooling unit 4 is further included, and the cooling unit 4 is used for reducing the temperature of the die casting device 3 whose temperature has reached the drying temperature.
The cooling unit is used for reducing the temperature of the die-casting device with the temperature reaching the drying temperature, so that the cooling speed of the die-casting device is increased, the stroke and time of the die-casting device for completing a die-casting period are shortened, and the production efficiency is further improved. In some embodiments, the setting position of the cooling unit is configured to reduce the temperature of the die-casting device at the drying temperature to a temperature required to switch to the die-casting state; and/or the cooling unit is used for reducing the temperature of the die-casting device in the prepressing state to the temperature required for switching to the final state. In one or more embodiments, the cooling unit may employ any of the existing cooling mechanisms, such as fans, air conditioning boxes, tunnel cooling systems, and the like.
Example 7:
a lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting process shown in fig. 9, which adopts the die casting system described in any one of the foregoing, the process includes the following steps:
the conveying belt drives each die-casting device 3 to move;
in the moving process, the die-casting device 3 at least completes one die-casting cycle, and in the die-casting cycle, the die-casting device 3 sequentially enters a charging state, a drying state, a die-casting state and a material taking state; wherein, under the charging state, current collector 42 is packed into in the bed die 33 to pour thick liquids 43 into on current collector 42 under the stoving state, go up mould 34, bed die 33 and heat up to the stoving temperature under the die-casting state, the temperature of going up mould 34, bed die 33 continues to reduce, and goes up mould 34 extrusion bed die 33 in current collector 42 and thick liquids 43 unload under the material state, unload the pressure that upper die 34 was exerted on lithium battery pole piece, and take out lithium battery pole piece in the bed die 33.
As used herein, "first," "second," etc. (e.g., first heating device, second heating device, etc.) are used only for clarity of description to distinguish between corresponding components, and are not intended to limit any order or to emphasize importance, etc. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be either directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system is characterized by comprising a conveyor belt (1) and a driving wheel (2) for driving the conveyor belt (1) to move, wherein a plurality of die casting devices (3) are fixedly mounted on the conveyor belt (1), each die casting device (3) comprises a lower die (33) and an upper die (34) which are matched with each other, the lower die (33) is used for filling a current collector (42) and slurry (43) paved on the upper surface of the current collector (42), and the upper die (34) is used for extruding the slurry (43) and the current collector (42) which are positioned in the lower die (33);
in the process that the die-casting device (3) moves along the conveyor belt (1), at least one die-casting cycle is completed, in the die-casting cycle, the lower die (33) and the upper die (34) start to cool after the temperature is raised to the drying temperature, and in the cooling process, the upper die (34) continuously applies pressure to the slurry (43) and the current collector (42) in the lower die (33) until the lithium battery pole piece is molded;
the die-casting device (3) comprises a base (31), a lower die (33) and a support column (32) are arranged on the base (31), a fixed platform (35) is arranged on the support column (32), a driving device is arranged on the fixed platform (35), the driving device is connected with an upper die (34), and the driving device is used for driving the upper die (34) to extrude slurry (43) and a current collector (42) which are positioned in the lower die (33); the driving device comprises a motor (36), the output end of the motor (36) is connected with a lifting screw (38) through a speed reducer (37), the lifting screw (38) is connected with a moving platform (39) through threads, and the lower surface of the moving platform (39) is connected to the upper die (34) through a connecting rod (40).
2. The lithium battery pole piece mold forming die-casting system of claim 1, wherein the die-casting cycle comprises a charging state, a drying state, a die-casting state and a material-taking state in sequence, wherein:
in the charging state, a current collector (42) is loaded in the lower die (33), and slurry (43) is poured on the current collector (42);
in the drying state, the upper die (34) and the lower die (33) are heated to the drying temperature;
in the die-casting state, the temperatures of the upper die (34) and the lower die (33) are continuously reduced, and the upper die (34) extrudes the current collector (42) and the slurry (43) in the lower die (33);
in the material taking state, the pressure applied to the lithium battery pole piece by the upper die (34) is removed, and the lithium battery pole piece is taken out from the lower die (33);
the temperature of the upper die (34) and the lower die (33) in the die casting state is lower than that of the upper die (34) and the lower die (33) in the drying state.
3. The lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system of claim 2, wherein the die casting state comprises a final state and at least one pre-pressing state, in the final state, the upper die (34) applies final pressure to the current collector (42) and the slurry (43), in the pre-pressing state, the upper die (34) applies intermediate pressure to the current collector (42) and the slurry (43), and the pressure value of the intermediate pressure is smaller than that of the final pressure; when the pre-pressing state or the final state is reached, the upper die (34) maintains the current pressure for a period of time.
4. The lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system according to claim 3, wherein during the continuous temperature decrease of the upper die (34) and the lower die (33), when the temperature is lower than a preset value, the pressure applied by the upper die (34) on the current collector (42) and the slurry (43) is increased to an intermediate pressure or a final pressure corresponding to the preset value.
5. The lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system according to claim 1, wherein the moving platform (39) is provided with a guide hole, and the inner wall of the guide hole is matched with the outer wall of the support column (32).
6. The lithium battery pole piece mold forming and die-casting system according to claim 1, wherein the die-casting device (3) further comprises a controller (41), the lower mold (33) is provided with a first heating device (331) and a first thermometer, the upper mold (34) is provided with a second heating device (341) and a second thermometer, the controller (41) heats the lower mold (33) and the upper mold (34) to a drying temperature by controlling the first heating device (331) and the second heating device (341), the controller (41) monitors real-time temperatures of the lower mold (33) and the upper mold (34) through the first thermometer and the second thermometer, and adjusts the pressure applied on the slurry (43) and the current collector (42) by the upper mold (34) through controlling the driving device according to the real-time temperatures.
7. The lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a cooling unit (4), wherein the cooling unit (4) is used for reducing the temperature of the die casting device (3) with the temperature reaching the drying temperature.
8. A lithium battery pole piece die forming and die casting process is characterized in that the die casting system of any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, and the process comprises the following steps:
the conveying belt drives each die-casting device (3) to move;
in the moving process, the die-casting device (3) at least completes one die-casting cycle, and in the die-casting cycle, the die-casting device (3) enters a charging state, a drying state, a die-casting state and a material taking state in sequence; wherein, under the charging state, current collector (42) are packed into in bed die (33) to pour thick liquids (43) into on current collector (42) under the stoving state, go up mould (34), bed die (33) and heat up to stoving temperature under the die-casting state, the temperature of going up mould (34), bed die (33) continuously reduces, and goes up mould (34) and extrude current collector (42) and thick liquids (43) in bed die (33), under the material state of getting, unload the pressure that upper die (34) was exerted on lithium battery pole piece to take out lithium battery pole piece in bed die (33).
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