CN113514833A - Sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on sea wave image - Google Patents
Sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on sea wave image Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on a sea wave image, which comprises the following steps of 1, selecting a research area from the sea wave image as a target image; step 2, enhancing the sea wave stripes in the target image by using an image enhancement algorithm; step 3, extracting the edge position of the wave crest line of the sea waves through edge detection; step 4, obtaining a crest line equation through curve fitting; step 5, obtaining a wave direction line equation by utilizing an orthogonal curve theory; and 6, solving a partial derivative of the wave direction line equation to obtain the wave direction of each point on the sea surface. The invention utilizes the orthogonal curve theory to invert and observe the wave direction of any point in the sea area, can obtain the wave direction information with high resolution, solves the problem that the existing wave direction observation technology can only obtain the average wave direction in a certain area, has the advantages of wide applicability, high resolution and the like, and is suitable for sea surface images observed by high-resolution imaging radars or optical equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sea wave observation, and particularly relates to a sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on a sea wave image.
Background
The wave propagation direction has an important influence on the offshore activities, ocean engineering, ship navigation and the like are influenced by the wave propagation direction, and the direction information of a wave field needs to be accurately obtained in order to deeply know and detect the ocean. Nowadays, the wave observation technology is rapidly developed, and high-resolution radars or optical imaging become important means for wave observation, for example, synthetic aperture radars, navigation X-band radars, video wave measurement systems and the like can obtain high-resolution sea surface images and record the spatial change of the wave propagation direction.
The traditional method for inverting the wave direction by using a sea wave image mainly obtains a sea wave spectrum by using Fourier transform, and then determines the main wave direction of the sea wave according to the peak value of the spectrum. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a fast algorithm of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), so that the operation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is greatly simplified, and the operation speed is improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude, thereby being widely applied in practice. In addition, because the fast fourier transform assumes that the signals are spatially uniform, and the wave fields common in nature are non-uniform, in order to make up for the deficiencies of the fourier transform algorithm, some new data analysis methods are also used for analyzing the wave images, such as two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, Contourlet transform, principal component analysis, ridge wave transform [1], and the like. The ridgelet transformation is based on the sea clutter image, coefficient energy of all directions in a ridgelet transformation domain is calculated by obtaining a ridgelet transformation coefficient, an angle corresponding to the maximum weighted energy is extracted, wave velocity is calculated according to the angle value, and wave direction is detected to obtain wave parameters and output the wave parameters.
The algorithms estimate the energy distribution of the sea waves with different frequencies and different directions by analyzing the change of the waves within a certain range or a period of time, and although the algorithms have the function of effectively observing the wave direction in the field of sea wave observation, the algorithms can only obtain the average change of the wave direction in a certain space, have large limitation in a complex sea area and cannot measure the wave direction of any point in the observed sea area.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an inversion method of wave direction of any point on the sea surface based on a sea wave image, which is used for inverting and observing the wave direction of any point in a sea area by utilizing an orthogonal curve theory, so that high-resolution sea wave direction information can be obtained, the problem that the existing wave direction observation technology can only obtain the average wave direction in a certain area is solved, and the method has the advantages of wide applicability, high resolution and the like, and is suitable for the sea surface image observed by a high-resolution imaging radar or an optical device.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an inversion method of wave direction of any point on sea surface based on sea wave images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 2, enhancing the sea wave stripes in the target image by using an image enhancement algorithm;
step 3, extracting the edge position of the wave crest line of the sea waves through edge detection;
step 4, obtaining a crest line equation through curve fitting;
step 5, obtaining a wave direction line equation by utilizing an orthogonal curve theory;
and 6, solving a partial derivative of the wave direction line equation to obtain the wave direction of each point on the sea surface.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
in step 2, assuming that the gray value f (x, y) is 0 to M for the target image, the target image is subjected to piecewise linear gray enhancement, that is:
wherein g (x, y) is the enhanced image, the gray scale is 0 to N, and the study intervals [ a, b ] and [ c, d ] are respectively a certain gray scale interval of the original image f (x, y) and the enhanced image g (x, y).
And 3, performing edge detection on the enhanced image g (x, y), and extracting the edge position of a peak line in the image through a Sobel edge detection operator.
In the step 4, a crest line equation u (x, y) is obtained by curve fitting:
when the peak changes linearly, the equation of the fitting function u (x, y) is chosen as:
u(x,y)＝y-kx (2)
wherein k is a fitting function u (x, y) equation first order coefficient.
When the peak changes nonlinearly, the equation of the fitting function u (x, y) is chosen as:
u(x,y)＝y-mx2-nx (3)
wherein m is the quadratic coefficient of the fitting function u (x, y) equation, and n is the first order coefficient of the fitting function u (x, y) equation.
In the step 5, the following corresponding relationship between the crest line equation u (x, y) and the wave direction line equation v (x, y) is obtained according to the orthogonal curve theory:
the two sides of equation (4) are integrated to obtain the wave direction line equation v (x, y):
wherein, v (x)0,y0) Is the origin of coordinates.
In the above step 6, partial derivatives are obtained for the wave direction line equation v (x, y) along the x and y directions to obtain the wave directions of the points on the sea surface:
the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the wave direction line equation is inverted through the sea surface visible light image to obtain the analytical expression of the wave direction line, so that the wave direction of any point in the image area can be accurately obtained by utilizing the algorithm, and the method has the advantages of high reliability, simplicity and convenience in operation, wide application range, high resolution and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an optical image of the sea surface;
FIG. 3 is an extracted wave crest diagram;
fig. 4 is a fitted peak curve.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention relates to an inversion method of sea surface arbitrary point wave direction based on a sea wave image, which comprises the following steps:
step 2, enhancing the sea wave stripes in the target image by using an image enhancement algorithm;
step 3, extracting the edge position of a wave crest line of the sea wave through edge detection, wherein a wave crest diagram of the sea wave refers to FIG. 3;
step 4, obtaining a crest line equation through curve fitting, wherein the crest line refers to a crest curve fitted by using a quadratic polynomial and is shown in FIG. 4;
step 5, obtaining a wave direction line equation by utilizing an orthogonal curve theory;
and 6, solving a partial derivative of the wave direction line equation to obtain the wave direction of each point on the sea surface.
In an embodiment, in step 2, for the target image, assuming the gray value f (x, y) and the gray level is 0 to M, the target image is subjected to piecewise linear gray level enhancement, that is:
wherein g (x, y) is the enhanced image, the gray scale is 0 to N, and the study intervals [ a, b ] and [ c, d ] are respectively a certain gray scale interval of the original image f (x, y) and the enhanced image g (x, y).
In an embodiment, in step 3, edge detection is performed on the enhanced image g (x, y), and an edge position of a peak line in the image is extracted by a Sobel edge detection operator.
In an embodiment, in the step 4, a crest line equation u (x, y) is obtained by curve fitting:
when the peak changes linearly, the equation of the fitting function u (x, y) is chosen as:
u(x,y)＝y-kx (2)
wherein k is a fitting function u (x, y) equation first order coefficient.
When the peak changes nonlinearly, the equation of the fitting function u (x, y) is chosen as:
u(x,y)＝y-mx2-nx (3)
wherein m is the quadratic coefficient of the fitting function u (x, y) equation, and n is the first order coefficient of the fitting function u (x, y) equation.
In the embodiment, in the step 5, the following corresponding relationship between the crest line equation u (x, y) and the wave direction line equation v (x, y) is obtained according to the orthogonal curve theory:
the two sides of equation (4) are integrated to obtain the wave direction line equation v (x, y):
wherein, v (x)0,y0) Is the origin of coordinates.
In an embodiment, in step 6, partial derivatives of the wave direction line equation v (x, y) along the x and y directions are obtained to obtain the wave directions of the points on the sea surface:
the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An inversion method of wave direction of any point on sea surface based on sea wave images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a research area from a sea wave image as a target image;
step 2, enhancing the sea wave stripes in the target image by using an image enhancement algorithm;
step 3, extracting the edge position of the wave crest line of the sea waves through edge detection;
step 4, obtaining a crest line equation through curve fitting;
step 5, obtaining a wave direction line equation by utilizing an orthogonal curve theory;
and 6, solving a partial derivative of the wave direction line equation to obtain the wave direction of each point on the sea surface.
2. The method for inverting wave directions of any point on sea surface based on sea wave images as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, for the target image, assuming gray values f (x, y) with gray levels of 0 to M, piecewise linear gray enhancement is performed on the target image, that is:
wherein g (x, y) is the enhanced image, the gray scale is 0 to N, and the study intervals [ a, b ] and [ c, d ] are respectively a certain gray scale interval of the original image f (x, y) and the enhanced image g (x, y).
3. The sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on the sea wave image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3 performs edge detection on the enhanced image g (x, y), and extracts the edge position of a peak line in the image through a Sobel edge detection operator.
4. The sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on the sea wave image as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step 4 obtains a crest line equation u (x, y) by curve fitting:
when the peak changes linearly, the equation of the fitting function u (x, y) is chosen as:
u(x,y)＝y-kx (2)
wherein k is a fitting function u (x, y) equation first order coefficient.
When the peak changes nonlinearly, the equation of the fitting function u (x, y) is chosen as:
u(x,y)＝y-mx2-nx (3)
wherein m is the quadratic coefficient of the fitting function u (x, y) equation, and n is the first order coefficient of the fitting function u (x, y) equation.
5. The sea surface arbitrary point wave direction inversion method based on the sea wave image as set forth in claim 4, wherein the step 5 obtains the following corresponding relation between a crest line equation u (x, y) and a wave direction line equation v (x, y) according to an orthogonal curve theory:
the two sides of equation (4) are integrated to obtain the wave direction line equation v (x, y):
wherein, v (x)0,y0) Is the origin of coordinates.
6. The method for inverting the wave direction of any point on the sea surface based on the sea wave image as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step 6 is to calculate partial derivatives of the wave direction line equation v (x, y) along the x and y directions to obtain the wave direction of each point on the sea surface:
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| CN113899349A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-07 | 湖北中南鹏力海洋探测系统工程有限公司 | Sea wave parameter detection method, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114993268A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-09-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Water depth inversion method and device combined with Catboost and storage medium |
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| CN114993268A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-09-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Water depth inversion method and device combined with Catboost and storage medium |
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