CN113514014B - Device and method for measuring thickness of blast furnace wall by correcting stress wave method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring thickness of blast furnace wall by correcting stress wave method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113514014B CN113514014B CN202110406141.3A CN202110406141A CN113514014B CN 113514014 B CN113514014 B CN 113514014B CN 202110406141 A CN202110406141 A CN 202110406141A CN 113514014 B CN113514014 B CN 113514014B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring the thickness of a furnace wall of a blast furnace, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace by correcting a stress wave method. The device comprises a storage table, a resistance heating furnace, a heat preservation cover and a clamp; multiple objects to be tested are placed on the object placing table side by side, and the two sides of the object to be tested are tightly attached through clamping of the clamp; a resistance heating furnace is arranged on one side of the carbon brick on the object placing table, an exhaust hole is formed in the top end of the resistance heating furnace, a heat preservation cover covers the object placing table and the periphery of the object to be measured, and an air inlet hole is formed in the bottom end of the heat preservation cover. The invention fits the curve of the residual thickness of the carbon brick for the blast furnace and the propagation time of the stress wave and the formula H = F (T) by measuring the propagation time of the whole stress wave of all refractory materials of the blast furnace wall in a high temperature state, and is further used for measuring and correcting the thickness of the blast furnace wall. The method can improve the precision of the existing nondestructive measurement method by not less than 8 percent, and plays an important role in the safe and long-life production of the blast furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring the thickness of a furnace wall of a blast furnace, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace by correcting a stress wave method.
Background
The life-span and each link such as design, selected material, construction, production, maintenance of modern large-scale blast furnace are closely relevant, along with the continuous development and the accumulation of traditional ironmaking technique, the design construction and the production maintenance of blast furnace are reasonable perfect day by day, and its life-span very much depends on the refractory material situation of furnace lining, especially the inside lining brick that the furnace hearth used, can say that the remaining thickness of furnace hearth inside lining promptly represents the remaining life-span of blast furnace: because the furnace lining is in direct contact with the internal environment of the blast furnace, the bottom part of the furnace hearth is more a part which contains molten liquid iron slag and is most seriously corroded and difficult to repair for a long time, the part is a main link for restricting the long service life of the blast furnace, the blast furnace can be safely produced only by maintaining the furnace lining with a certain thickness, once the furnace lining is seriously corroded, the blast furnace is in danger of burning through at any time, if a safety accident is caused, great economic loss and even casualties can be caused, so that for ironmen, if the corrosion condition of the furnace lining in the production process of the blast furnace can be monitored in real time, the thickness change of the furnace can be accurately mastered, the operation strategy can be timely adjusted, effective furnace protection measures can be taken, the safe and efficient production of the blast furnace can be promoted, and the service life of the blast furnace can be prolonged. The blast furnace is a closed container for continuous production, and the high-temperature, high-pressure and multi-smoke internal environment is added, so that the accurate detection of the erosion condition of the lining is always difficult, particularly, the inner part of the hearth and the bottom of the blast furnace directly contacts molten liquid iron slag, the environment is complex, and the detection of the erosion degree of the lining is more difficult.
The blast furnace thickness measuring method commonly applied at home and abroad at present comprises the following steps: multi-head thermocouple method, resistance method, capacitance method, ultrasonic method, furnace shell thermometry method, heat flow detection method, model inference method. In the conventional detection method, the state of the furnace lining is judged based on the reaction changes such as heat, electricity, sound and the like respectively from the technical principle, and the detection method can be divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement from the type. The direct measurement method mainly comprises a multi-head thermocouple method, a resistance method, a capacitance method and an ultrasonic wave method. However, the service life cannot be guaranteed, and the sensor embedded in the brick lining cannot be repaired once damaged. In addition, since the sensors are made of metal, they are generally used only in the furnace shell region and cannot be used in the hearth region where high-temperature liquid iron slag exists. The indirect measurement method mainly comprises a heat flow detection method, a model inference method and a furnace skin temperature measurement method. The indirect measurement method is not as accurate as the direct measurement method due to the influence of factors such as detection errors, physical parameters, and boundary conditions.
The main application range of the impact echo method as a nondestructive testing technology at present comprises the fields of buildings, bridges, tunnels and the like. The detection method has the advantages of simple principle, convenient test and no damage to the test structure, and can be used for the wave velocity test of the stress wave in the structure and the detection of the internal quality of the structure. In conclusion, the impulse echo method becomes an industry-accepted method for measuring the thickness of the furnace lining of the blast furnace with relatively high accuracy and without damage. However, in the prior art, the method is used for calibrating theoretical wave velocities of different materials in a testing process and calculating propagation time of stress waves in different refractory materials with fixed sizes under the normal temperature condition, and when the temperature changes, the activity degrees of particles in different materials are changed, so that the stress waves have environmental errors under the conditions of the same material and different temperatures. And the thickness measurement stress wave of the blast furnace wall needs to go back and forth with multiple medium materials, and all the materials are tightly attached, but because of different heat conductivity coefficients, the temperature change of the blast furnace wall from a hot surface to a cold surface is nonlinear change, so when the thickness of the blast furnace wall is measured by using a stress wave method, the wave velocity is a complicated change process, and the accurate measurement purpose cannot be achieved only by adopting the normal temperature theoretical wave velocity for calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the thickness of a blast furnace wall by a corrected stress wave method, which are used for measuring and correcting the thickness of the blast furnace wall and can improve the precision of the prior measuring method by not less than 8 percent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for measuring the thickness of a blast furnace wall by correcting a stress wave method comprises a placing table, a resistance heating furnace, a heat-insulating cover and a clamp; multiple objects to be tested are placed on the object placing table side by side, and the two sides of the object to be tested are tightly attached through clamping of the clamp; a resistance heating furnace is arranged on one side of the carbon brick on the object placing table, an exhaust hole is formed in the top end of the resistance heating furnace, a heat preservation cover covers the object placing table and the periphery to be detected, and an air inlet hole is formed in the bottom end of the heat preservation cover.
The object placing table is made of heat-resistant materials, the heat-resistant temperature is not lower than 1600 ℃, the section width is not lower than 500mm, and the horizontal length is not lower than 3000mm.
The heat-resistant material is ceramic.
The heating and constant temperature of the resistance heating furnace is not lower than 1600 ℃, and the horizontal length is not lower than 1000mm; one side for placing the object to be tested is provided with a square opening, and the size of the opening is not less than 300 multiplied by 300mm.
The lining of the heat-insulating cover is made of heat-resistant materials, the heat-resistant temperature is not lower than 1200 ℃, square openings are respectively arranged on the cross sections of one sides of the hot face and the cold face, and the sizes of the openings are not lower than 300 multiplied by 300mm and 250 multiplied by 250mm respectively.
The heat-resistant material is cast stone or quartz sand.
A method for measuring the thickness of a blast furnace wall by a corrected stress wave method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a sample: the thickness h is sequentially prepared according to the material and the size of each layer in the design drawing of the blast furnace 1 、h 2 ……h n mm, the cross section size is 200 x 200mm, except for the carbon brick, the cuboid sample of the object to be measured; the carbon bricks with the contact surfaces with the slag iron are respectively prepared to the thickness h cn =200, 400, 600 … … 2n × 100mm, n =1, 2, 3 … …, samples;
2) Installation: sequentially placing samples to be tested on a placing table and tightly attaching the samples by using a clamp, wherein the depth of the high-temperature side carbon brick extending into the resistance heating furnace is not less than 200mm;
3) And (3) heating: heating a sample to be measured to ensure that the surface temperature of the carbon brick at the high temperature side reaches a specified temperature and keeps constant, and continuously introducing inert gas which does not react with the refractory material into the carbon brick at the air inlet and the air outlet in the whole temperature rising process;
4) Stress wave measurement: the high temperature side is respectively provided with different thicknesses h c mm carbon brick, and collecting stress wave round-trip time T on low-temperature side section 1 、T 2 、T 3 ……T n μs；
5) And (3) fitting data: measurement and acquisition h of the stress wave according to step 4) c1 、h c2 、h c3 ……h cn mm and T 1 、T 2 、 T 3 ……T n Mu s data, and fitting to obtain a curve of the residual thickness of the carbon brick for the blast furnace and the propagation time of the stress wave and a formula H = F (T);
6) Blast furnace data acquisition and thickness calculation: and (5) collecting the round trip time data T mus of the stress wave of the point to be measured in the production of the blast furnace, carrying the round trip time data into the step 5) to obtain a fitting equation, and calculating the residual thickness H of the real-time carbon brick of the blast furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention fits the curve of the residual thickness of the carbon brick for the blast furnace and the propagation time of the stress wave and the formula H = F (T) by measuring the propagation time of the whole stress wave of all refractory materials of the blast furnace wall in a high temperature state, and is further used for measuring and correcting the thickness of the blast furnace wall. The method can improve the precision of the existing nondestructive measurement method by not less than 8 percent, and plays an important role in the safe and long-life production of the blast furnace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fitting curve diagram obtained after correcting the round-trip propagation time of the stress wave in the blast furnace wall and the residual thickness of the carbon brick under the high temperature state.
In the figure: 1-placing table, 2-resistance heating furnace, 3-heat-insulating cover, 4-air inlet, 5-air outlet and 6-clamp.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the thickness of a blast furnace wall by a corrected stress wave method, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the content. It is specifically noted that all such substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included herein. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
As shown in figure 1, the device for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace by correcting the stress wave method comprises a placing table 1, a resistance heating furnace 2, a heat-insulating cover 3 and a clamp 6. A plurality of objects to be tested are placed on the object placing table 1 side by side, and the two sides of the object to be tested are tightly attached through the clamping of the clamp 6; the carbon brick side of placing the thing platform 1 is equipped with resistance heating furnace 2, and resistance heating furnace 2 top is equipped with exhaust hole 5, and it has heat preservation cover 3 to place thing platform 1 and the peripheral cover of awaiting measuring, and the heat preservation cover 3 bottom is equipped with inlet port 4.
The object placing table 1 is made of ceramic materials, the heat-resisting temperature is not lower than 1600 ℃, the section width is not lower than 500mm, and the horizontal length is not lower than 3000mm.
The heating and constant temperature of the resistance heating furnace 2 is not lower than 1600 ℃, and the horizontal length is not lower than 1000mm; one side for placing the object to be tested is provided with a square opening, and the size of the opening is not less than 300 multiplied by 300mm.
The inner lining of the heat-insulating cover 3 is made of cast stone or quartz sand, the heat-resisting temperature is not lower than 1200 ℃, square openings are respectively arranged on the cross sections of one sides of the hot surface and the cold surface, and the sizes of the openings are not lower than 300 multiplied by 300mm and 250 multiplied by 250mm respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace by correcting a stress wave method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a sample: the thickness h is sequentially prepared according to the material and the size of each layer in the design drawing of the blast furnace 1 、h 2 、h 3 、h 4 4 cuboid samples of the objects to be measured except carbon bricks with the cross section size of 200mm multiplied by 200mm; 4 samples with the thicknesses of 200mm, 400mm, 600mm and 800mm are respectively prepared by using the carbon bricks on the contact surfaces of the carbon bricks and the slag iron; the materials and dimensions were as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 sample preparation and Material Properties
2) Installation: preparing the prepared pattern according to the formula h 1 、h 2 、h 3 、h 4 、h c Sequentially put on the object placing table 1 in sequence, andfixing by a clamp 6, wherein the depth of the high-temperature side carbon brick penetrating into the resistance heating furnace is not less than 200mm;
3) And (3) heating: covering a heat-insulating cover 3, introducing 1L/min argon into an air inlet 4, discharging the argon from an exhaust hole 5, and starting to heat the resistance heating furnace 2 to be constant at 1050 ℃;
4) Stress wave measurement: as shown in Table 2, stress wave round trip time T was simultaneously collected on the low temperature side section 1 、T 2 、T 3 、 T 4 ；
TABLE 2 correction data
5) And (3) fitting data: measurement and acquisition h of the stress wave according to step 4) c1 、h c2 、h c3 、h c4 mm and T 1 、T 2 、 T 3 、T 4 The μ s data, as shown in fig. 3, are fit to obtain a fit curve obtained by correcting the round-trip propagation time of the stress wave in the blast furnace wall and the residual thickness of the carbon brick under the high temperature state, so as to obtain a regression equation:
H＝F(T)＝-411.94359+1.92955T-0.000598595T 2
R 2 ＝0.99128
wherein: h is the residual thickness of the blast furnace carbon brick; t is the round trip time of the on-site measured stress wave on the furnace wall of the blast furnace; r 2 Is the fitted variance.
6) Blast furnace data acquisition and thickness calculation: and (5) collecting the round trip time data T mus of the stress wave of the point to be measured in the production of the blast furnace, carrying the round trip time data into the step 5) to obtain a fitting equation, and calculating the residual thickness H of the real-time carbon brick of the blast furnace.
The equation is obtained by using the device for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace by the corrected stress wave method, and the residual thicknesses of the carbon bricks at different parts are compared with the existing method and the direct measurement method after the furnace is removed through multiple times of measurement and calculation, and the result is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 correction results
From the conclusion, the method can realize the correction and the improvement of the precision of the existing technology for detecting the thickness of the blast furnace wall without damage by stress waves. The precision is improved by not less than 8.61 percent, and the average precision is improved by 15.62 percent.
The invention fits the curve of the residual thickness of the carbon brick for the blast furnace and the propagation time of the stress wave and the formula H = F (T) by measuring the propagation time of the whole stress wave of all refractory materials of the blast furnace wall in a high temperature state, and is further used for measuring and correcting the thickness of the blast furnace wall. The method can improve the precision of the existing nondestructive measurement method by not less than 8 percent, and plays an important role in the safe and long-life production of the blast furnace.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of a blast furnace by correcting a stress wave method is characterized in that the device comprises a placing table, a resistance heating furnace, a heat-insulating cover and a clamp; multiple objects to be tested are placed on the object placing table side by side, and the two sides of the object to be tested are tightly attached through clamping of the clamp; a resistance heating furnace is arranged on one side of the carbon brick on the object placing table, an exhaust hole is formed in the top end of the resistance heating furnace, a heat insulation cover covers the object placing table and the periphery to be tested, and an air inlet hole is formed in the bottom end of the heat insulation cover;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a sample: the thickness h is sequentially prepared according to the material and the size of each layer in the design drawing of the blast furnace 1 、h 2 ……h n A cuboid sample of the object to be measured except the carbon brick with the unit of mm and the section size of 200mm multiplied by 200mm; the carbon bricks with the contact surfaces with the slag iron are respectively prepared to the thickness h cn =200, 400, 600 … … 2n × 100 in mm, n =1, 2, 3 … …, samples;
2) Installation: sequentially placing samples to be tested on a placing table and tightly attaching the samples by using a clamp, wherein the depth of the high-temperature side carbon brick penetrating into the resistance heating furnace is not less than 200mm;
3) And (3) heating: heating a sample to be measured to ensure that the surface temperature of the carbon brick at the high temperature side reaches a specified temperature and keeps constant, and continuously introducing inert gas which does not react with the refractory material into the carbon brick at the air inlet and the air outlet in the whole temperature rising process;
4) Stress wave measurement: the high temperature side is respectively provided with different thicknesses h c In mm, carbon brick, and collecting the stress wave round-trip time T on the low-temperature side section 1 、T 2 、T 3 ……T n In μ s;
5) And (3) fitting data: measurement and acquisition h of the stress wave according to step 4) c1 、h c2 、h c3 ……h cn In units of mm, and T 1 、T 2 、T 3 ……T n The unit is mus, data are fitted to obtain a curve of the residual thickness of the carbon brick for the blast furnace and the propagation time of the stress wave and a formula H = F (T);
6) Blast furnace data acquisition and thickness calculation: and (3) acquiring the round trip time data T of the stress wave of the point to be measured in the production of the blast furnace, taking the round trip time data T into the unit of mu s, and carrying out the step 5) to obtain a fitting equation, and calculating the residual thickness H of the real-time carbon brick of the blast furnace.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the placement table is made of a heat-resistant material, and has a heat-resistant temperature of not less than 1600 ℃, a cross-sectional width of not less than 500mm, and a horizontal length of not less than 3000mm.
3. The method of calibrating stress wave method for measuring blast furnace wall thickness of claim 2, wherein said heat resistant material is ceramic.
4. The method for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace according to the corrected stress wave method of claim 1, wherein the heating and constant temperature of the resistance heating furnace is not lower than 1600 ℃, and the horizontal length is not lower than 1000mm; one side for placing the object to be tested is provided with a square opening, and the size of the opening is not less than 300mm multiplied by 300mm.
5. The method for measuring the thickness of the furnace wall of the blast furnace according to the corrected stress wave method of claim 1, wherein the lining of the heat-insulating cover is made of a heat-resistant material, the heat-resistant temperature is not lower than 1200 ℃, the cross sections of one side of the hot surface and one side of the cold surface are respectively provided with a square opening, and the sizes of the openings are not lower than 300mm x 300mm and 250mm x 250mm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the refractory material is cast stone or silica sand.
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