CN113513853A - Vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system and method and vehicle-mounted heater - Google Patents

Vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system and method and vehicle-mounted heater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113513853A
CN113513853A CN202110522916.3A CN202110522916A CN113513853A CN 113513853 A CN113513853 A CN 113513853A CN 202110522916 A CN202110522916 A CN 202110522916A CN 113513853 A CN113513853 A CN 113513853A
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China
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liquid
storage tank
carbon dioxide
pressure
condenser
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CN202110522916.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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杨景峰
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Shanghai Yibai Enterprise Management Co ltd
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Shanghai Yibai Enterprise Management Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110522916.3A priority Critical patent/CN113513853A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, a circulation method and a vehicle-mounted heater, wherein the heating system comprises: a battery compartment group; an on-board engine; an air compressor; at least two liquid CO arranged in parallel2Storage tank, liquid CO2The storage tanks are respectively connected with a pressure air source; the evaporators are respectively connected with liquid CO2A storage tank; the booster pump is connected with the evaporator; and the condenser is connected with the booster pump to receive CO discharged by the booster pump2The vapor transmits latent heat through the wall surface of the evaporator, and the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the evaporator absorbs the latent heat to complete the temperature rise of the secondary refrigerant. The invention utilizes the liquidState CO2Heating by reverse circulation principle, liquid CO2Absorbs the sensible heat of the air outside the vehicle in the evaporator tube and then is converted into gaseous CO2The gas enters a condenser after being pressurized and heated by a booster pump, and high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous CO2The secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the condenser is subjected to heat exchange, and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant rises after latent heat is absorbed, so that the vehicle-mounted heating process is realized.

Description

Vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system and method and vehicle-mounted heater
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioning heating, in particular to a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, a circulation method and a vehicle-mounted heater.
Background
As is well known, a vehicle air conditioning system is a device for cooling, heating, ventilating and purifying air in a vehicle compartment, and can provide a comfortable riding environment for passengers, reduce the fatigue strength of the drivers, and improve the driving safety. The existing vehicle-mounted refrigeration technology widely utilizes the vaporization process of a refrigerant (liquid) under low pressure to prepare cold energy, and the refrigeration modes utilizing the principle can be divided into vapor compression type cycle refrigeration, absorption type refrigeration and vapor injection type refrigeration. The refrigeration process needs a process that the refrigerant can be recycled, the refrigerant absorbs heat and is gasified, the recycling process after the gaseous refrigerant is liquefied is the key of the refrigeration system, and the energy consumption (COP value) in the circulation process of the refrigeration system is the determining factor of the system. In vapor compression refrigeration, the vapor of a working medium (refrigerant) is first compressed to a relatively high pressure, cooled by an external cooling medium (cooling water or air) and converted into liquid, and then throttled to reduce the pressure and temperature simultaneously, so that the heat absorption refrigeration can be realized by utilizing the vaporization of the working medium liquid under low pressure. The vaporized steam is sucked and compressed by the compressor and is continuously circulated. In the whole circulation process, the compressor pressurizes the gaseous refrigerant subjected to heat exchange and then liquefies for circulation use, and the energy consumption of the compressor determines the COP value of the system.
The carbon dioxide is used as a novel natural working medium, the evaporation point temperature of the liquid is-56.6 ℃, and the pressure is 520 kPa. Carbon dioxide has many unique advantages as a refrigerant: from the viewpoint of the influence on the environment, carbon dioxide is the most environmentally friendly refrigerant, in addition to water and air. The carbon dioxide has good safety and chemical stability, is safe and nontoxic, does not generate harmful gas even at high temperature, has thermophysical properties suitable for refrigeration cycle and equipment, and has quite high refrigerating capacity per unit volume and low kinematic viscosity. Therefore, the carbon dioxide is used for adjusting the discharge pressure of the circulation, so that the process of liquefying and releasing heat of the gas in the condenser can be better adapted to the temperature and the temperature rise of an external heat source.
No matter a traditional fuel automobile or a new energy electric automobile, energy is needed to drive an air conditioner compressor, air is cooled by using a circulating refrigerant in a refrigerating system, and the power of a vehicle-mounted air conditioner is driven by the power of a fuel engine or a vehicle-mounted storage battery mounted on a vehicle. Especially, when the air conditioner is driven by a pure battery, the air conditioner occupies a great deal of energy, and the influence on the endurance mileage of the vehicle is great. Meanwhile, in cold winter, if the battery operates at a proper temperature, a certain endurance mileage can be ensured, but the temperature management of the battery can cause energy loss due to no engine waste heat available in the pure electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulating heating system and a circulating method and a vehicle-mounted heater which utilize carbon dioxide phase change, gas expansion refrigeration and gas variable pressure cooling liquefaction technologies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, which comprises:
the battery bin group is used for providing energy for the automobile;
the vehicle-mounted engine is used for providing power for the vehicle and providing power for the air compressor;
the air compressor is connected with the vehicle-mounted engine or the battery cabin group and used for providing high-pressure gas for a system under the driving of the vehicle-mounted engine or the battery cabin group;
at least two liquid CO arranged in parallel2Storage tank of said liquid CO2The storage tanks are respectively connected with the air compressors to alternately introduce the high-pressure gas to control the liquid CO2The pressure within the storage tank;
evaporators respectively connected with the liquid CO2A storage tank to receive the liquid CO2Liquid CO supplied from storage tank2Refrigerant, the liquid CO2The refrigerant absorbs the sensible heat of the air flowing through the surface of the refrigerant to gasify and heatIs converted into gaseous CO2A refrigerant;
a booster pump connected with the evaporator to alternately receive gaseous CO discharged from the evaporator2Pressurizing and heating the refrigerant; and
a condenser connected with the booster pump to receive CO discharged from the booster pump2The vapor transmits latent heat through the wall surface of the condenser, the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the condenser absorbs the latent heat to complete the temperature rise of the secondary refrigerant, and the CO in the condenser2The liquefaction of the vapor releases latent heat for conversion to liquid CO2And (4) flowing out.
Furthermore, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, a temperature probe and a smoke sensor are arranged in a bin body of the battery bin group, and the bin body is connected with at least one liquid CO through a fire extinguishing pipeline and a normally closed fire extinguishing electric valve2And (4) storage tank.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, a heat radiator is arranged in a bin body of the battery bin group and used for temperature management of a battery in the bin body, wherein:
the liquid inlet of the radiator is connected with the bottom of the condenser through a first preheating electric valve by a pipeline, and the liquid outlet is connected with at least one liquid CO by a second preheating electric valve by a pipeline2The storage tank is connected.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
the air inlet of the fresh air heat exchanger is communicated with the air outside the vehicle body, the fresh air blows across the surface of the condenser through the fan, the warmed fresh air is introduced into the vehicle through the shunt pipe as a secondary refrigerant, and the temperature of the fresh air is controlled by controlling the air speed.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
and the air filter is connected with the fresh air heat exchanger through a pipeline and is used for purifying the mixed fresh air output by the fresh air heat exchanger.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, the vehicle-mounted engine is a fuel engine or an electric engine.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
an electric auxiliary heating device arranged on the pipeline between the booster pump and the condenser for pressurizing and heating the booster pump to obtain gaseous CO2The refrigerant is heated again to raise the temperature.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the liquid CO2The storage tank is used as a recovery tank to alternately receive liquid CO discharged after heat release of the condenser2Refrigerant, while the pressure in the inner cavity of the recovery tank is lower than the pressure of the condenser, liquid CO2The refrigerant is cooled by the condenser and then flows to the recovery tank under reduced pressure to be recycled as the refrigerant;
when the temperature in the recovery tank is higher than the set temperature (-20 ℃), introducing liquid CO2Refrigerant, using liquid CO2The latent heat to be absorbed is gasified by the refrigerant, and the absorbed sensible heat is simultaneously increased, so that the liquid CO flowing to the recovery tank is higher than the liquid CO at the circulation point2Cooling the refrigerant to the physical point of recycling use and then using the cooled refrigerant as liquid CO2And (5) recycling the refrigerant.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2An injection mechanism at the upper part in the storage tank, and the injection mechanism and other liquid CO2The lower parts of the storage tanks are communicated;
to the liquid CO functioning as a recovery tank2Other liquid CO is introduced into the storage tank2Liquid CO in storage tank2The refrigerant absorbs latent heat by utilizing liquid gasification and absorbs sensible heat when the temperature rises, and absorbs heat by utilizing the throttling expansion effect generated by reducing the pressure of the liquid flowing back into the recovery tank, so that the liquid CO flowing into the recovery tank after condensation and temperature reduction2The refrigerant continuously releases sensible heat drop in a liquid stateWarm, after reaching the physical point of recycling, as liquid CO2And (5) recycling the refrigerant.
Further preferably, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the system further includes:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2And the liquid spraying electric valve and the liquid spraying proportion regulating valve are arranged on the conveying pipeline between the lower part of the storage tank and the spraying mechanism.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2A liquid discharge electric valve and a pressure reducing valve or a flowmeter are arranged between the lower part of the storage tank and the evaporator and correspond to the conveying pipeline.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
is correspondingly arranged on the upper part of the condenser and the liquid CO2Pilot valve or digital flowmeter and liquid CO on conveying pipeline between lower parts of storage tanks2Discharge valve, liquid CO2Discharge temperature sensor, liquid CO2Discharge check valve and corresponding liquid CO2An inlet valve.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
at least one of the liquid CO2The middle part of the storage tank is connected with liquid CO through a pipeline2An inlet valve; and
at least two of the liquid CO2The bottom of the storage tank is communicated with a drain outlet through a liquid discharge stop valve respectively.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2An emptying proportional valve at the top of the storage tank, wherein the emptying proportional valve is communicated with CO through a pipeline2A vent port;
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2A safety valve at the top of the storage tank, a gas phase temperature sensor and a tank body pressure sensor; and
is correspondingly arranged in the liquidState CO2A liquid level meter in the storage tank.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
is correspondingly arranged on the air compressor and the liquid CO2A filter and an air buffer tank on the delivery pipe between the tops of the storage tanks;
the top of the air buffer tank is provided with a safety valve, a buffer tank temperature sensor and a buffer tank pressure sensor, and the bottom of the air buffer tank is provided with a buffer tank blow-down valve.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the method further includes:
a compressed air inlet valve arranged on a pipeline between the filter and the top of the air buffer tank; and
is arranged at the upper part of the air buffer tank and each liquid CO2Stop valves between the storage tanks, corresponding check valves and air source proportion regulating valves.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the evaporator and the condenser each include:
a liquid refrigerant storage tank, wherein a liquid refrigerant inlet on the liquid refrigerant storage tank is respectively communicated with each liquid CO through a pipeline2The lower part of the storage tank or the upper part of the evaporator is connected, and a storage tank liquid level meter is arranged in the storage tank;
the evaporation tubes are arranged side by side at certain intervals, and one end of each evaporation tube is connected with the liquid refrigerant storage tank;
the gaseous refrigerant storage tank is connected with the other ends of the evaporation tubes, and a gaseous refrigerant outlet on the gaseous refrigerant storage tank is respectively connected with the upper part of the condenser or each liquid CO through a pipeline2The lower part of the storage tank is connected;
the secondary refrigerant passes through the outer surfaces of the evaporation tubes for heat exchange, and adopts air, water or glycol aqueous solution.
Further preferably, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the system further includes:
a first fresh air fan disposed at an inlet or an outlet of the coolant of the evaporator and/or the condenser;
wherein the refrigerating medium adopts air, water or glycol water solution, and flows through the outside of the tube wall of the evaporator and/or the condenser.
Further preferably, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the system further includes:
the evaporator and/or the condenser are/is arranged in the sealed shell to form a heat exchange channel; and
the second fresh air fan is arranged at the inlet or the outlet of the heat exchange channel through a pipeline;
wherein the refrigerating medium adopts air, water or glycol water solution, and flows through the outside of the tube wall of the evaporator and/or the condenser.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the liquid CO2The number of the storage tanks is three, and the storage tanks are arranged in parallel.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, two evaporators are arranged in parallel relative to the condenser to alternately provide evaporated gaseous CO for the condenser2。
Further preferably, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, the bottom of the condenser is respectively connected with the two evaporators through pipelines;
when one of the evaporators is in use, the other evaporator acts as liquid CO2Is used for cooling, receives the liquid CO at the bottom of the condenser2A refrigerant;
and when the evaporator is cooled, frost ice on the outer surface of the tube wall is melted when the evaporator is used as the evaporator, and meanwhile, the secondary refrigerant for defrosting can be reused as a low-temperature secondary heat source.
Further preferably, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, the air compressor is further connected with the evaporator and the condenser respectively;
to provide high temperature and high pressure air to the evaporator and/or the condenser for defrosting.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system, the high-pressure gas is high-pressure air, and the pressure of the high-pressure air is 0.5-3.4 MPa.
The second aspect of the invention provides a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating method of the heating system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, filling liquid carbon dioxide which can meet the requirement of single cycle use into the first storage tank, and filling a small amount of liquid carbon dioxide into the second storage tank and the third storage tank;
s2, driving the air compressor by a vehicle-mounted engine or directly driving the air compressor by a battery cabin group, respectively introducing high-pressure air into the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the third storage tank, and respectively keeping the pressure in the first storage tank at 25kg/m2The pressure in the second storage tank is not lower than 10kg/m2And the pressure in the third storage tank is not less than 10kg/m2；
S3, using the first storage tank as a liquid storage tank, opening a first liquid discharge electric valve and a pressure reducing valve or a flow meter between the first storage tank and the evaporator, and adjusting the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide at the front and the rear of the first liquid discharge electric valve and the pressure reducing valve or the flow meter to be 25kg/m respectively2And 13kg/m2(ii) a The liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank enters an evaporator under the pressure action of high-pressure air, and liquid CO2The refrigerant is gasified and the steam is heated, the latent heat absorbed by the gasification and the sensible heat absorbed by the steam when the temperature is raised are transferred by the surface of the pipe wall through the sensible heat released by the temperature reduction of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the evaporator, and the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out of the evaporator is controlled to be not lower than minus 28 ℃;
s4, opening the three-way valve between the evaporator and the condenser, and pressurizing the steam to 70kg/m by the supercharger2Simultaneously, the temperature of the steam is not lower than 31 ℃ through an electric auxiliary heating device, then the steam flows into the condenser, the steam is liquefied in an inner pipe of the condenser and releases latent heat, and the released latent heat is released from the outer surface of a shell and tube of the condenserThe surface and the radiating fins arranged on the outer surface of the tube shell transmit the secondary refrigerant, and the secondary refrigerant absorbs heat and is heated to complete the heating process and be used for heating in a vehicle;
s5, opening the control valve, wherein the internal pressure of the second storage tank is 10kg/m2Using differential pressure to cause liquid CO2The refrigerant flows back to the second storage tank, and the second storage tank is used as a liquid recovery tank;
s6, when the pressure in the second storage tank as a recovery tank reaches 17kg/m2When the temperature is higher than minus 20 ℃, opening a first liquid spraying electric valve of the first storage tank, then opening a second liquid spraying proportion adjusting valve of the second storage tank, spraying a liquid refrigerant into the second storage tank, and reducing the temperature in the second storage tank to minus 23 ℃, wherein the process is repeatedly executed by the temperature controller;
s7, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the first liquid CO in the second storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the third liquid CO between the condenser and the third storage tank2The inlet valve is used for introducing the condensed liquid carbon dioxide into the third storage tank; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the second storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the second storage tank at 25kg/m2The second storage tank is used as a refrigerant liquid storage tank to provide liquid carbon dioxide, and the third storage tank is used as a liquid recovery tank to receive the liquid carbon dioxide after vapor condensation;
s8, when the liquid level meter in the third storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the third liquid CO in the third storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the first liquid CO between the condenser and the first storage tank2The inlet valve is used for introducing condensed liquid carbon dioxide into the first storage tank; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the third storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the third storage tank at 25kg/m2Converting the liquid refrigerant in the third storage tank into a liquid refrigerant storage tank for use;
s9, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank shows that the liquid level meter reaches the upper position point, the first storage tank pumps the liquid CO2The refrigerant process is finished; the second storage tank is used as a liquid refrigerant storage tank for pumping liquid CO to the evaporator2Refrigerant, the first storage tank is depressurized to 10kg/m2Then as a preparatory recovery tank whileThe third storage tank repeats the process of recovering the condensed liquid carbon dioxide; and the second storage tank, the third storage tank and the first storage tank are sequentially used as a condensed liquid carbon dioxide recovery tank, and the liquid refrigerant is cooled to a recycling physical point in the recovery tank and then is reused.
The third aspect of the invention provides a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating method of the heating system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, filling liquid carbon dioxide which can meet the requirement of single cycle use into the first storage tank, and filling a small amount of liquid carbon dioxide into the second storage tank and the third storage tank;
s2, driving the air compressor by a vehicle-mounted engine or directly driving the air compressor by a battery cabin group, respectively introducing high-pressure air into the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the third storage tank, and respectively keeping the pressure in the first storage tank at 25kg/m2The pressure in the second storage tank is not lower than 10kg/m2And the pressure in the third storage tank is not less than 10kg/m2；
S3, taking the first storage tank as a liquid storage tank, opening a first liquid discharge electric valve and a pressure reducing valve or a flow meter between the first storage tank and the evaporator, and adjusting liquid CO in front of and behind the first liquid discharge electric valve and the pressure reducing valve or the flow meter2The pressure of the refrigerant is 25kg/m2And 13kg/m2(ii) a Make the liquid CO in the first storage tank2The refrigerant enters the evaporator under the pressure of high-pressure air, and liquid CO2The refrigerant is gasified and the steam is heated, the latent heat absorbed by the gasification and the sensible heat absorbed by the steam are transferred by the surface of the pipe wall through the sensible heat released by the temperature reduction of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the evaporator, and the gaseous CO flowing out of the evaporator is controlled2The temperature of the refrigerant is not lower than-28 ℃;
s4, opening the three-way valve between the evaporator and the condenser, and pressurizing the steam to 70kg/m by the supercharger2Meanwhile, the temperature of the steam is not lower than 31 ℃ through an electric auxiliary heating device, then the steam flows into the condenser, is liquefied in an inner pipe of the condenser and releases latent heat, and the released latent heat is transferred to cold carrier by the outer surface of a pipe shell of the condenser and radiating fins arranged on the outer surface of the pipe shellThe agent and the secondary refrigerant absorb heat and raise temperature to finish the heating process and are used for raising temperature in the vehicle;
s5, opening the control valve, and enabling the liquefied liquid CO in the condenser to pass through the three-way valve2The refrigerant flows through the other evaporator arranged in parallel, so that the condensed high-temperature liquid carbon dioxide and the secondary refrigerant outside the evaporator continuously exchange heat and cool, and then flow back to the second storage tank; the heat released in the cooling process is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the pipe wall, and meanwhile, the frost outside the pipe wall is melted. Two sets of evaporators which are arranged in parallel are used for defrosting and evaporating each other through a control program;
s6, when the pressure in the second storage tank as a recovery tank reaches 17kg/m2When the temperature is higher than-20 deg.C, the electrically operated valve for the first liquid spray is opened, the proportional valve for the second liquid spray is opened, and liquid CO is introduced2Spraying the refrigerant into the recovery tank to reduce the temperature in the recovery tank to-23 ℃, and repeatedly executing the process by the temperature controller;
s7, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the second liquid CO in the second storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the third liquid CO between the condenser and the third storage tank2An inlet valve for introducing condensed liquid CO into the third storage tank2A refrigerant; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the second storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the second storage tank at 25kg/m2The second storage tank is used as a refrigerant storage tank to provide liquid CO2Refrigerant, and liquid CO condensed by vapor received by the third storage tank as a liquid recovery tank2A refrigerant;
s8, when the liquid level meter in the third storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the third liquid CO in the third storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the first liquid CO between the condenser and the first storage tank2An inlet valve for introducing condensed liquid CO into the first storage tank2A refrigerant; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the third storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the third storage tank at 25kg/m2Converting the liquid CO into liquid CO in the third storage tank2The storage tank is used;
s9, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank displays that the liquid level meter reaches the upper positionWhen the pressure is correct, the pressure feeding process is finished; the second storage tank is used as liquid CO2The liquid CO is pumped to the evaporator for use in the refrigerant storage tank2Refrigerant, the first storage tank is depressurized to 10kg/m2Then used as a preparation recovery tank, and the third storage tank is used for repeatedly recovering the condensed liquid CO2A refrigerant process; the second storage tank, the third storage tank and the first storage tank are sequentially used as condensed liquid CO2A refrigerant recovery tank, and liquid CO in the recovery tank2The refrigerant is cooled to a physical point of recirculation and then is reused.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating method, in step S1:
the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank is 70-100% of the volume of the first storage tank;
the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the second storage tank is 0-30% of the volume of the second storage tank; and
the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the third storage tank is 0-30% of the volume of the third storage tank;
wherein the first storage tank is filled with a volume sufficient for a single cycle of use.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating method, in step S3, the secondary refrigerant heated by the heat exchange on the surface of the condenser and fresh air outside the vehicle are mixed in proportion, and the mixture is subjected to temperature regulation and then enters the vehicle body.
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating method, in step S4, the gaseous CO flowing out of the evaporator2The refrigerant flows into the condenser, and the pressure in the pipe and gaseous CO of the condenser are measured at the same time2The temperature control method of the refrigerant comprises the following steps:
pressurizing steam by a supercharger, keeping the inner cavity of the condenser at a stable set pressure, and simultaneously enabling the temperature of the steam to be not lower than 31 ℃ by an electric auxiliary heating device; or
By controlling the introduction of liquid CO2Compressed air pressure in the tank, regulating the flow of liquid CO through the evaporator2The mass of (c); or
Regulating the liquid flow through the evaporator by means of a pressure reducing valve or a flow meterBulk CO2The quality of (c).
Further, in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating method, the method further includes a step of defrosting the evaporator, and the method includes:
by introducing liquid CO at the bottom of the condenser into the evaporator2The refrigerant melts frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the refrigerant is used as an evaporator; or
And introducing high-temperature and high-pressure air into the evaporator to melt the frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the evaporator is in a function.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted heater, including:
the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system; and/or
The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating method is adopted.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the vehicle-mounted heating system utilizes liquid CO2Heating by reverse circulation principle, liquid CO2Liquid CO in storage tank2The liquid CO is fed into an evaporator by high-pressure air under pressure2After the sensible heat of the air outside the vehicle is absorbed by the evaporator, the sensible heat is converted into gaseous CO2The gas enters a condenser after being pressurized and heated by a booster pump, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous CO discharged by the booster pump2The indoor air of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the secondary refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise, and gaseous CO is absorbed in the process2The latent heat released is reduced, and the temperature rises after the secondary refrigerant absorbs the latent heat to realize the heating process;
(2) the vehicle-mounted heating system adopts at least two storage tanks which are arranged in parallel to recycle the cooling medium, and liquid CO can be alternately introduced into the storage tanks2The gaseous carbon dioxide in the function of the recovery tank is recycled after being cooled and liquefied, so that the continuous refrigeration requirement of the air-conditioning condenser 72 is met, and the heat exchange efficiency and the recovery efficiency of the carbon dioxide are improved;
(3) the vehicle-mounted heating system adopts two evaporators arranged in parallelAlternative use of providing high temperature CO to condenser2Steam, using air at high temperature or liquid CO in condensers2The refrigerant melts frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the refrigerant is used as an evaporator during cooling, and meanwhile, the secondary refrigerant used for defrosting can be reused as a low-temperature secondary heat source, so that the problem of frosting of a single evaporator after long-time use is avoided;
(4) in order to enhance the cooling and liquefying speed of the gaseous carbon dioxide in the recovery tank, the top of the storage tank is provided with an injection mechanism, and the gaseous carbon dioxide in the recovery tank is rapidly cooled and liquefied by utilizing the gasification latent heat of throttling expansion and the gasified low-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide, so that the gas-liquid transfer efficiency is greatly improved;
(5) the vehicle-mounted heating system adopts a vehicle-mounted engine or a battery compartment group as power to drive an air compressor to operate, and provides high-pressure gas for the system through the air compressor as a power source, so that the gasified gaseous refrigerant is directly liquefied under higher pressure, and meanwhile, the high-pressure gas absorbs sensible heat generated when the gaseous carbon dioxide is liquefied; a refrigerant compressor requiring no high pressure;
(6) the air compressor is used for providing power compensation for the heating system, high-pressure air is used as a power source, the pressure in each storage tank can be quickly adjusted, the liquid cooling medium is conveyed and circulated by the aid of the thrust of gaseous substances by means of the gas-liquid separation principle, and energy consumption can be greatly reduced;
(7) the vehicle-mounted heating system adopting the liquefaction circulating system utilizes the back pressure control of high-pressure air to keep the circulating system and the storage tank to operate above the pressure for generating the dry ice;
(8) the vehicle-mounted refrigeration system adopting the liquefaction circulation system can realize the zonal control of various temperatures according to the magnitude of the heating demand, is suitable for different application scenes, and has the characteristic of flexible use;
(9) the vehicle-mounted heating system is characterized in that a temperature probe and a smoke sensor are assembled in the vehicle-mounted battery compartment group, the temperature of the battery compartment group and the fire condition are monitored in real time through the temperature probe and the smoke sensor, and liquid CO is directly adopted2Low temperature liquid CO in storage tank2The fire is extinguished, and the safety of the vehicle is ensured;
(10) creatively utilizes liquid CO after heat exchange and temperature reduction at the bottom of the condenser2The vehicle-mounted battery bin group is preheated and insulated by the radiator, so that the battery bin group is maintained at a proper working temperature, and the service life and the working efficiency of single charging of the battery bin group are greatly improved;
(11) adopt new trend heat exchanger and filter to read the secondary refrigerant through the even of evaporimeter cooling back and carry out neutralization and purification, control output suitable new trend temperature and new trend speed, improve interior comfort level of car.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an overall framework principle of a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an evaporator in a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an evaporator in a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second evaporator scheme in the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, which mainly includes a battery compartment set 93, a vehicle-mounted engine 92, an air compressor 1, at least two liquid CO2 storage tanks arranged in parallel, an evaporator 62, a booster pump 69, and a condenser 72.
Please refer to FIG. 1The adopted battery bin group 93 of the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulating heating system is used for providing energy for an automobile; the vehicle-mounted engine 92 is used for providing power for the automobile and providing power for the air compressor 1; the air compressor 1 is connected with a vehicle-mounted engine 92 or a battery cabin group 93 and is used for providing high-pressure air for the system under the driving of the vehicle-mounted engine 92 or the battery cabin group 93; liquid CO2The storage tanks can be formed by connecting 2A and B in parallel or connecting three A, B and C in parallel. By using liquid CO2Heating by reverse circulation principle, liquid CO2Liquid CO in storage tank2Liquid CO is forced into the evaporator 62 by high pressure air2The sensible heat transferred from the outside air through the tube wall is absorbed in the evaporator 62 and converted into gaseous CO2The high-temperature high-pressure gaseous CO enters a condenser 72 after being pressurized and heated by a booster pump 69 and is discharged by the booster pump 692The latent heat released by liquefaction in the condenser 72 is absorbed by the coolant on the outer surface of the tube wall, and the coolant absorbs heat to raise its temperature. Gaseous CO in the process2The latent heat is also released when the temperature is reduced to the liquefaction temperature.
In this example, the coolant absorbs gaseous CO2Sensible heat and latent heat released in the cooling and liquefying processes and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant rise, so that the heating process is realized. Wherein the coolant passes through the outer surface of the evaporator tubes of the condenser 72 to absorb heat, and specifically, the coolant can be directly transferred by fresh heat carrier or by intermediate coolant. For example, the coolant can be air, water or glycol aqueous solution, or other liquid or gaseous medium. If a glycol aqueous solution is adopted, namely the glycol aqueous solution is adopted to exchange heat with the evaporator 62 for cooling, then the glycol aqueous solution exchanges heat with the cold-carrying fresh air piece through the heat exchanger for cooling, and the cooled cold-carrying fresh air can be directly used as vehicle-mounted cold air.
Please continue to refer to the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system shown in fig. 1, which is applicable to a conventional fuel vehicle or a new energy vehicle, such as a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, a pure electric vehicle, etc. The corresponding vehicle-mounted engine 92 is an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, a jet engine, or an electric motor, typically a fuel-powered engine or an electric motor.
With continued reference to the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system shown in fig. 1, both the conventional fuel-powered vehicle and the new energy electric vehicle need to start the engine to drive the air-conditioning compressor. For a traditional fuel oil automobile, an internal combustion engine is adopted as an engine, power is output through the internal combustion engine, and an air compressor is driven to run; for a new energy electric automobile, the driving force is a battery compartment group, and the vehicle-mounted battery compartment group provides energy for a direct current motor of an air compressor.
Referring to the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system shown in fig. 1, the battery compartment group 93 is used as a main power supply component of an automobile, the safety of the use process is of great importance, in order to avoid temperature rise and possible fire hazard caused by untimely heat dissipation of the battery compartment group 93 in the use process, a temperature probe 94 and a smoke sensor 95 are arranged on a compartment body of the battery compartment group 93, and the temperature and the fire condition of the battery compartment group 93 are monitored in real time through the temperature probe 94 and the smoke sensor 95. In addition, the chamber body of the battery chamber group 93 is connected with at least one liquid CO through a fire extinguishing pipeline via a normally closed fire extinguishing electric valve 962Storage tank for automatically controlling liquid CO when temperature is too high or fire occurs2Low temperature CO in storage tank2And cooling and extinguishing the battery compartment group 93 to ensure the safety of the vehicle.
Please continue to refer to the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system shown in fig. 1, aiming at the usage scenario of the vehicle-mounted heater in cold weather in north China, in order to avoid the influence of low temperature on the battery compartment group 93 and improve the working efficiency and the service life of the battery compartment group 93, the embodiment creatively utilizes the liquid CO after heat exchange and cooling at the bottom of the condenser to reduce the temperature2The preheating of (3) performs preheating treatment on the cell compartment group 93. Specifically, a heat radiator 98 is disposed in the bin body of the battery bin group 93 for temperature management of the cells in the bin body, wherein a liquid inlet of the heat radiator 98 is connected with the bottom of the condenser 72 through a first preheating electric valve 97 by a pipeline, and a liquid outlet is connected with at least one liquid CO through a second preheating electric valve 99 by a pipeline2The storage tank is connected. Using liquid CO in condenser 722The waste heat of the battery compartment 93 carries out preheating and heat preservation on the battery compartment 93 group so as to maintain the battery compartment group to be in proper workThe temperature is controlled, so that the purposes of prolonging the service life of the battery bin group in single charging and improving the working efficiency are achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes a fresh air heat exchanger 100 and an air filter 101. The air inlet of the fresh air heat exchanger 100 is communicated with the air outside the vehicle body, fresh air is blown across the surface of the condenser 72 through a fan, the heated fresh air is used as a secondary refrigerant and is introduced into the vehicle through a shunt pipe, and the temperature of the fresh air is controlled by controlling the air speed. The air filter 101 is connected to the fresh air heat exchanger 100 through a pipeline, and is used for purifying the mixed fresh air output by the fresh air heat exchanger 100. The secondary refrigerant cooled by the condenser 72 is neutralized and purified by the fresh air heat exchanger 100 and the filter 101, and the fresh air temperature and the fresh air speed which are suitable for output are controlled by the fresh air proportional valve 102 outside the vehicle and the fresh air proportional valve 103 of the condenser, so that the comfort level in the vehicle is improved.
The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system provided by the embodiment can adopt liquid CO2As the refrigerant, freon or other suitable refrigerants may be used. In the present embodiment as liquid CO2As the refrigerant, taking air as the coolant as an example, the working principle of the phase-change liquefaction cycle heating system when used for heating is as follows:
liquid CO2The liquid refrigerant in the accumulator a/B/C is pressure-fed by high-pressure air into an evaporator 62 installed outside the vehicle. Liquid CO2Sensible heat released when the outside air is cooled is absorbed from the outside air through the surface of the evaporator 62, and the sensible heat is vaporized, and low-temperature CO is vaporized2The vapor is continuously absorbed at the same time and is respectively connected with the air compressor 1 in the process of cooling the air outside the vehicle so as to alternately introduce high-pressure gas to control the liquid CO2The pressure within the storage tank; the evaporators 62 are respectively connected with liquid CO2Storage tank to receive liquid CO2Liquid CO supplied from storage tank2Liquid CO2Absorbs sensible heat of outside air flowing over the outer surface of the evaporator 62 to vaporize and heat up, and converts into gaseous CO2(ii) a A booster pump 69 is connected to the evaporator 62 to alternately receive gaseous CO from the evaporator 622And pressurize itHeating; the condenser 72 is connected to the booster pump 69 to receive CO discharged from the booster pump 692Post-liquefaction, latent heat is transferred out through the wall surface of the condenser 72, the latent heat is absorbed by the coolant flowing through the surface of the condenser 72 to complete warming of the coolant, and the CO in the condenser 722The latent heat released by the liquefaction of the vapor is converted into liquid CO2And (4) flowing out.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes an electric auxiliary heating device 70, wherein the electric auxiliary heating device 70 is disposed on a pipeline between the booster pump 69 and the condenser 72 to pressurize and heat the booster pump 69 to obtain gaseous CO2The temperature is raised again. The electric auxiliary heating device 70 is an electric jacket for the gaseous CO flowing through the pipeline2And reheated to meet the heating requirements of condenser 72.
Referring to FIG. 1, liquid CO is passed through the evaporator2Can also be recycled. Specifically, liquid CO is mixed2The storage tank A/B/C is used as a recovery tank to alternately receive liquid CO discharged after being liquefied and released heat by the condenser 722While the pressure in the inner cavity of the recovery tank is lower than the pressure of the condenser 72, liquid CO2The refrigerant is cooled by the evaporator 62 and then flows to the recovery tank under reduced pressure to be recycled as the refrigerant; when the temperature in the recovery tank is higher than the set temperature, liquid CO is introduced2By means of liquid CO2Gasifying the latent heat to be absorbed while raising the temperature of the absorbed sensible heat to make the temperature of the liquid CO flowing to the recovery tank higher than the circulating point2Cooling to the physical point of recycling use and using as liquid CO2And (4) recycling.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: is correspondingly arranged in liquid CO2An injection mechanism 18/34/48 arranged at the upper part in the A/B/C of the storage tank, wherein the injection mechanism adopts an annular spray disk, an injection mechanism 18/34/48 and other liquid CO2The lower parts of the storage tanks are communicated; to liquid CO as a function of the recovery tank2Other liquid CO is introduced into the storage tank2Liquid CO in storage tank2The liquid is gasified to absorb latent heat and raise temperature to absorb sensible heat, and the liquid flowing back to the recovering tank is depressurized to produce throttling expansion effect to absorb heat to coolCondensing and cooling liquid CO flowing into recovery tank2The refrigerant continues to release sensible heat to cool in a liquid state, reaches a physical point of recycling and then is used as liquid CO2And (5) recycling the refrigerant.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: is correspondingly arranged in liquid CO2Liquid spraying electric valve 26/42/56 on the conveying pipeline between the lower part of the storage tank A/B/C and the spraying mechanism 18/34/48 is used for controlling a liquid spraying proportion adjusting valve 19/35/49 to liquid CO2Spraying proper amount of liquid CO into A/B/C of the storage tank2。
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: is correspondingly arranged in liquid CO2A liquid discharge electric valve 25/41/55 and a pressure reducing valve or flowmeter 60 on the corresponding delivery pipeline between the lower part of the storage tank A/B/C and the evaporator 62. The pressure reducing valve or flow meter 60 is implemented in a manifold mounted upstream of the evaporator 62; the liquid discharge electric valve is divided into three parts of 25/41/55 which respectively correspond to liquid CO2The storage tank A/B/C is arranged on a pipeline at the bottom of the storage tank and respectively and independently controls the liquid CO2Liquid CO in storage tank A/B/C2And (3) out of the vessel. Liquid CO in the first storage tank A or the second storage tank B or the third storage tank C2The pressure of the high-pressure gas is regulated by a pressure reducing valve or a flow meter 60 through the first liquid discharge electric valve 25, the second liquid discharge electric valve 41 and the third liquid discharge electric valve 55, and the gas is sent to the evaporator 62, and is evaporated and gasified in the evaporator 62.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: is correspondingly arranged at the upper part of the condenser 72 and liquid CO2Pilot valve or digital flowmeter 91, liquid CO on the transfer pipe between the lower part of the storage tanks2Discharge valve 75, liquid CO2Discharge temperature sensor 76, liquid CO2Discharge check valve 77 and corresponding liquid CO2An inlet valve 20/36/50. Liquefied CO after heat exchange in condenser 722Sequentially passing liquid CO2Discharge valve 75, pilot valve or digital flow meter 91, liquid CO2Discharge temperature sensor 76 and corresponding liquid CO2The inlet valve 20/36/50 is fed to the pair by the pressure of high-pressure gasLiquid CO as required2In the storage tank A/B/C, the first storage tank A, the second storage tank B or the third storage tank C is used as a recovery tank to recycle the liquid carbon dioxide.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: at least one liquid CO2The middle part of the A/B/C of the storage tank is connected with liquid CO through a pipeline2An inlet valve 27; and at least two liquid CO2The bottoms of the storage tanks A/B/C are respectively communicated with the sewage outlet 59 through the drainage stop valves 24/40/54. By liquid CO2Inlet valve 27 to liquid CO2Tank A/B/C make-up liquid CO2And discharging liquid CO through the waste outlet 66 and corresponding drain shut-off valve 24/40/542Liquid CO in storage tank A/B/C2. And the liquid stop valve 24/40/54 is communicated with the drain outlet 59, so that the liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank A, the second storage tank B or the third storage tank C is emptied when the system is not used, and the system is convenient to overhaul and maintain.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: is correspondingly arranged in liquid CO2A emptying proportional valve 13/29/57 at the top of the A/B/C of the storage tank, wherein the emptying proportional valve 13/29/57 is communicated with CO through a pipeline2A vent 58; is correspondingly arranged in liquid CO2A safety valve 14/31/45 at the top of the tank A/B/C, a gas phase temperature sensor 16/32/46 and a tank pressure sensor 17/33/47; and correspondingly arranged in liquid CO2A level gauge 21/37/51 in the tank A/B/C. For regulating liquid CO on the one hand by means of a blow-off proportional valve 13/29/572The pressure level of the storage tank A/B/C, on the other hand by the gaseous CO discharged2Releasing liquid CO2System heat in storage tank A/B/C to realize gaseous CO2To the pressurized liquefaction. Simultaneously, the gas phase temperature sensor 16/32/46 and the tank pressure sensor 17/33/47 are used for monitoring CO in real time2Pressure and temperature of the storage tank A/B/C and ensuring liquid CO by a safety valve 14/31/452The storage tank A/B/C is safe to operate.
Specifically, the high-pressure air at the tops of the first storage tank a/the second storage tank B and the third storage tank C can be released according to preset requirements through the first evacuation proportional valve 13, the second evacuation proportional valve 29 and the third evacuation proportional valve 57 respectively so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the pressure in the tank body to a preset value, and the high-pressure air exhausted through the first evacuation proportional valve 13, the second evacuation proportional valve 29 and the third evacuation proportional valve 57 can also bring out part of cold energy, so that the system thermal balance is realized to a certain extent. The first safety valve 14, the second safety valve 31 and the third safety valve 45 are arranged to prevent the pressure in the tank from exceeding a designed maximum threshold value of the tank, so as to play a safety guarantee role, specifically, when the pressure in the tank reaches a preset threshold value, the system controls the safety valves to open, and high-pressure air is discharged to the outside through the safety valves, and the first gas-phase temperature sensor 16, the second gas-phase temperature sensor 32 and the third gas-phase temperature sensor 46 are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and the pressure of the high-pressure air in the first storage tank 4 and the second storage tank 5 in real time through the first tank pressure sensor 17, the second tank pressure sensor 33 and the third tank pressure sensor 47. The pressure, the liquid level and the temperature in the tank body are monitored in real time, the supply rate of the air compressor and the rate of the tank body supplying liquid carbon dioxide to the evaporator 62 are adjusted, and automatic conveying and recycling of carbon dioxide refrigerants are achieved.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: is correspondingly arranged on the air compressor and the liquid CO2A filter 2 and an air buffer tank 8 on a conveying pipeline between the tops of the storage tanks A/B/C; wherein, the top of the air buffer tank 8 is provided with a safety valve 4, a buffer tank temperature sensor 5 and a buffer tank pressure sensor 6, and the bottom is provided with a buffer tank blow-off valve 9. The temperature and the pressure of the high-pressure gas provided by the air compressor 1 are monitored in real time through the buffer tank temperature sensor 5 and the buffer tank pressure sensor 6, and the high-pressure gas is controlled and regulated through the gas source proportion regulating valves 14/30/44. The high-pressure air provided by the air compressor 1 provides pressure feeding power for the system, and the circulating system and the storage tank are kept running at the pressure higher than the pressure for generating the dry ice by utilizing the back pressure control of the high-pressure air.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system further includes: a compressed air inlet valve 3 disposed on a pipe between the filter 2 and the top of the air buffer tank 8; and liquid CO at the upper part of the air buffer tank 82A stop valve 7 between the tanks a/B/C, a corresponding check valve 10/11/12 and a gas source ratio regulating valve 14/30/44.
Referring to FIG. 1, liquid CO2The storage tanks are two, three or more and are arranged in parallel. Preferably, liquid CO2The three storage tanks are arranged in parallel and can be alternately filled with liquid CO2So that the gaseous carbon dioxide in the recovery tank can be recycled after being cooled and liquefied. The high-pressure air is high-pressure air with the pressure of 0.5-3.4MPa, and the high-pressure air is prepared on site by an air compressor 1.
Referring to fig. 2, the evaporator 62 and the condenser 72 of the present embodiment have the same structure, and each of the evaporator and the condenser includes a liquid-state refrigerant storage tank 65, a plurality of evaporation tubes 66, and a gaseous-state refrigerant storage tank 67. The liquid refrigerant inlet of the liquid refrigerant storage tank 65 is respectively communicated with each liquid CO through a pipeline2The lower part of the tank A/B/C is connected and is provided with a tank level meter 79 for receiving liquid CO2Liquid refrigerant in the accumulator tank A/B/C. A plurality of evaporation tubes 66 are arranged side by side at a certain interval and one end of each evaporation tube is connected with the liquid refrigerant storage tank 65 and used for receiving the liquid CO in the liquid refrigerant storage tank 652The coolant exchanges heat with the coolant passing through the surface of the evaporation tubes 66 to reduce the temperature. A gas refrigerant storage tank 67 is connected with the other ends of the plurality of evaporation tubes 66, and the gas refrigerant outlets thereof are respectively connected with the liquid CO through pipelines2The lower part of the storage tank A/B/C is connected and used for receiving the gaseous refrigerant after heat exchange and temperature rise in the evaporation tube array 66 and introducing liquid CO2The storage tank A/B/C is recycled. Wherein the coolant passes through the outer surface of the evaporation tubes 66 for heat exchange, and the coolant is air, water or glycol water solution.
The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system provided by the embodiment can adopt liquid CO2As the refrigerant, freon or other suitable refrigerants may be used. In the present embodiment as liquid CO2As the refrigerant, taking air as the coolant as an example, the working principle of the phase-change liquefaction cycle heating system when used for heating is as follows:
liquid CO2In the storage tank A/B/CLiquid CO of2The refrigerant is pumped into liquid CO installed outside the vehicle by high-pressure air2Within the evaporator 62. Liquid CO2Refrigerant in liquid CO2Sensible heat released when the outside air is cooled is absorbed from the outside air in the evaporator 62 pipe through the outer surface of the evaporator to be gasified, and the gasified low-temperature steam continues to absorb the sensible heat released in the outside air cooling process to be heated; the steam flowing out of the evaporator 62 is pressurized and heated by the booster pump 69, and if the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the booster pump 69 does not reach the set temperature, the electric auxiliary heating device 70 is started to continue heating. The superheated steam pressurized to a certain pressure and temperature enters a condenser to be cooled and release sensible heat, and is liquefied at a high-pressure point to release latent heat. Two parts of heat are released in the liquefaction process, the superheated steam is cooled to release sensible heat, and latent heat is released in the liquefaction process. The heat released during the liquefaction of the vapor is passed through the gaseous CO2The outer surfaces of the tubes of the condenser 72 transfer the indoor air, which is the coolant, to complete the heating process of the indoor air.
The temperature rise or change in temperature of the coolant after absorption of heat is controlled by the mass flow of liquid coolant flowing into the evaporator 62 under the conditions set to be desired by the coolant. That is, the mass of the liquid refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 62 is controlled under the condition that the pressure and temperature of the vapor flowing into the condenser 72 are maintained to be stable by the booster pump 69 and the electric auxiliary heating device 70, thereby controlling the amount of heat released during the liquefaction process. The amount of heat absorbed by the coolant is controlled by controlling the amount of heat released during the liquefaction of the vapor using changes in the flow of vapor through the condenser 72. The temperature of the indoor air, which is the coolant, is ultimately controlled by controlling the amount of heat transferred to the coolant while the amount of heat absorbed by the coolant is different.
The liquefied refrigerant flows into the recovery tank by utilizing the pressure difference principle and is recycled. When the liquid level of the storage tank reaches the lower set point, the control system switches, compressed air is introduced into the recovery tank to pressurize to a pressure point used as the storage tank, and the recovery tank at the upper liquid level point is used as the storage tank (in the using process, the pressure reduction of the storage tank caused by the pressure-feed discharge of liquid refrigerant is supplemented by high-pressure air to ensure the constant back pressure of the storage tank). Meanwhile, the storage tank reduces the pressure, the compressed air is discharged to the pressure used as the recovery tank, the storage tank is changed into the recovery tank for use (if three sets of tank bodies are circularly used, the storage tank is changed into a standby recovery tank), and the heating process is a continuous process.
The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system uses three sets of liquid CO which has the same function and can be used as a storage tank and a recovery tank2And the storage tank can be circularly used according to program control. If a set of liquid CO exists2The storage tank breaks down, and the system can automatically switch to the dual-tank recycling mode to guarantee the normal use of equipment, display equipment trouble simultaneously, warn the trouble maintenance.
Example 2
Based on the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system of the embodiment 1, the embodiment provides a carbon dioxide phase change and gas expansion heating and gas pressure-changing temperature-reducing liquefaction circulation heating method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, filling liquid carbon dioxide which can meet the requirement of single cycle use into the first storage tank A, and filling a small amount of liquid carbon dioxide into the second storage tank B and the third storage tank C;
s2, driving the air compressor 1 by the vehicle-mounted engine 92 or directly driving the air compressor 1 by the battery cabin group 93, respectively introducing high-pressure air into the first storage tank A, the second storage tank B and the third storage tank C, and respectively keeping the pressure in the first storage tank A at 25kg/cm2The pressure in the second storage tank B is not lower than 10kg/cm2And the pressure in the third tank C is not less than 10kg/cm2；
S3, using the first storage tank A as a liquid storage tank, opening the first liquid discharge electrovalve 25 and the pressure reducing valve or the flowmeter 60 between the first storage tank A and the evaporator 62, and adjusting the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide before and after the first liquid discharge electrovalve 25 and the pressure reducing valve or the flowmeter 60 to 25kg/cm respectively2And 13kg/cm2(ii) a The liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank A enters the evaporator 62 under the pressure of the high-pressure air, and the liquid CO2The refrigerant is gasified and the steam is heated, the latent heat absorbed by the gasification and the sensible heat absorbed by the heating of the steam are transferred by the surface of the pipe wall through the sensible heat released by the cooling of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the evaporator 62, and the gaseous secondary refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 62 is controlledThe temperature of the carbon oxide is not lower than-28 ℃;
s4, opening the three-way valve 68 between the evaporator 62 and the condenser 72, and pressurizing the steam to 70kg/cm by the pressurizer 692Meanwhile, the temperature of the steam is enabled to be not lower than 31 ℃ through the electric auxiliary heating device 70, then the steam flows into the condenser 72, latent heat is released while the steam is liquefied in an inner pipe of the condenser 72, the released latent heat is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the outer surface of a pipe shell of the condenser 72 and radiating fins arranged on the outer surface of the pipe shell, and the secondary refrigerant absorbs heat and is heated to complete the heating process;
s5, opening the control valve 75, wherein the internal pressure of the second tank B is 10kg/cm2Using differential pressure to cause liquid CO2The refrigerant flows back to the second storage tank B, and the second storage tank B is used as a liquid recovery tank;
s6, when the pressure in the second storage tank B as a recovery tank reached 17kg/cm2When the temperature is higher than minus 20 ℃, the first liquid spraying electric valve 26 of the first storage tank A is opened, then the second liquid spraying proportion adjusting valve 35 of the second storage tank B is opened, and liquid refrigerant is sprayed into the second storage tank B, so that the temperature in the second storage tank B is reduced to minus 23 ℃, and the process is repeatedly executed by the temperature controller;
s7, turning off the first liquid CO of the second storage tank B when the liquid level meter 37 in the second storage tank B shows that the upper point is reached2The inlet valve 36 opens the third liquid CO between the condenser 72 and the third storage tank C2An inlet valve 50 for introducing the condensed liquid carbon dioxide into the third storage tank C; simultaneously starting the air compressor 1 to introduce high-pressure air into the second storage tank B, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the second storage tank B at 25kg/cm2The second storage tank B is used as a refrigerant storage tank to provide liquid carbon dioxide, and the third storage tank C is used as a liquid recovery tank to receive the liquid carbon dioxide after vapor condensation;
s8, turning off the third liquid CO of the third tank C when the liquid level meter 37 in the third tank C indicates that the upper point is reached2The inlet valve 50 opens the first liquid CO between the condenser 72 and the first storage tank A2An inlet valve 20 for introducing condensed liquid carbon dioxide into the first storage tank A; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the third storage tank C, pressurizing and keeping the third storage tank CPressure of 25kg/cm2The third storage tank C is converted into a liquid refrigerant storage tank for use;
s9, when the liquid level meter 37 in the second storage tank B displays that the liquid level meter reaches the upper position, the first storage tank A pumps and feeds the liquid CO2The refrigerant process is finished; the second tank B is used as a liquid refrigerant tank for feeding liquid CO to the evaporator 62 under pressure2Refrigerant, the first storage tank A depressurizes to 10kg/cm2Then the third storage tank C is used as a prepared recovery tank, and meanwhile, the third storage tank C repeats the process of recovering the condensed liquid carbon dioxide; and the second storage tank B, the third storage tank C and the first storage tank A are sequentially used as condensed liquid carbon dioxide recovery tanks, and the liquid refrigerant is cooled to a recycling physical point in the recovery tanks and then is reused.
In this embodiment, in step S1 of the heating method: the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank A is 70-100% of the volume of the liquid carbon dioxide; the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the second storage tank BB is 0-30% of the volume of the liquid carbon dioxide; and the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the third storage tank C is 0-30% of the volume of the third storage tank C; wherein, the filling amount of the first storage tank A meets the requirement of single-time circulation use.
In this embodiment, in step S3 of the heating method: the secondary refrigerant cooled by the evaporator and fresh air outside the vehicle are mixed in proportion by a fresh air heat exchanger 100, and then the temperature and the speed are adjusted for heating in the vehicle. In addition, according to needs, the filter 101 can be used for purifying the fresh air neutralized by the fresh air heat exchanger 100 and subjected to temperature and speed regulation, so that the comfort level of the air in the vehicle is improved.
In this embodiment, in step S4 of the heating method: gaseous CO from the vaporizer 622The refrigerant flows into the condenser 72, and the pressure in the pipe of the condenser 72 and the gaseous CO are measured at this time2The temperature control method of the refrigerant comprises the following steps: the vapor is pressurized by booster 69 to maintain the condenser 72 internal chamber at a stable set pressure. Meanwhile, the steam temperature is not lower than 31 ℃ through an electric auxiliary heating device 70; or by controlling the introduction of liquid CO2Compressed air pressure in the tank, regulating the flow of liquid CO through the evaporator 622The mass of (c); or by a pressure reducing valve or flow meter 60, to regulate the liquid CO flowing through the evaporator 622The quality of (c).
Example 3
Based on the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system of the embodiment 1, the embodiment provides a carbon dioxide phase change and gas expansion heating and gas pressure-changing temperature-reducing liquefaction circulation heating method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, filling liquid carbon dioxide which can meet the requirement of single cycle use into the first storage tank A, and filling a small amount of liquid carbon dioxide into the second storage tank B and the third storage tank C;
s2, driving the air compressor 1 by the vehicle-mounted engine 92 or directly driving the air compressor 1 by the battery cabin group 93, respectively introducing high-pressure air into the first storage tank A, the second storage tank B and the third storage tank C, and respectively keeping the pressure in the first storage tank A at 25kg/cm2The pressure in the second storage tank B is not lower than 10kg/cm2And the pressure in the third tank C is not less than 10kg/cm2；
S3, using the first storage tank A as a liquid storage tank, opening the first liquid discharge electrovalve 25 and the pressure reducing valve or the flowmeter 60 between the first storage tank A and the evaporator 62, and adjusting the liquid CO in front of and behind the first liquid discharge electrovalve 25 and the pressure reducing valve or the flowmeter 602The pressure of the refrigerant is 25kg/cm2And 13kg/cm2(ii) a The liquid CO in the first storage tank A is enabled2The refrigerant enters the evaporator 62 under the pressure of the high pressure air, and the liquid CO2The refrigerant is gasified and the steam is heated, the latent heat absorbed by the gasification and the sensible heat absorbed by the heating of the steam are transferred by the sensible heat released by the cooling of the secondary refrigerant flowing over the surface of the evaporator 62 through the surface of the pipe wall, and the gaseous CO flowing out of the evaporator 62 is controlled2The temperature of the refrigerant is not lower than-28 ℃;
s4, opening the three-way valve 68 between the evaporator 62 and the condenser 72, and pressurizing the steam to 70kg/cm by the pressurizer 692Meanwhile, the temperature of the steam is enabled to be not lower than 31 ℃ through the electric auxiliary heating device 70, then the steam flows into the condenser 72, the steam is liquefied in an inner pipe of the condenser 72 and releases latent heat, the released latent heat is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the outer surface of a pipe shell of the condenser 72 and radiating fins arranged on the outer surface of the pipe shell, and the secondary refrigerant absorbs heat and is heated to complete the heating process;
s5, the control valve 82 is opened, and the pressure of the liquid medium is controlled by the three-way valve 81,so that the high-temperature liquid CO liquefied in the condenser2Flows through the other evaporator 62 arranged in parallel, so that the condensed high-temperature liquid carbon dioxide and the secondary refrigerant outside the evaporator continuously exchange heat and cool and then flow back to the second storage tank B; the heat released in the cooling process is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the pipe wall, and meanwhile, the frost outside the pipe wall is melted. Two sets of evaporators 62 arranged in parallel are mutually used for defrosting and evaporating through a control program;
s6, when the pressure in the second storage tank B as a recovery tank reached 17kg/cm2When the temperature is higher than-20 deg.C, the electric valve 26 for the first liquid spraying is opened, the proportional valve 35 for the second liquid spraying is opened, and the liquid CO is sprayed2Spraying the refrigerant into the recovery tank to reduce the temperature in the recovery tank to-23 ℃, and repeatedly executing the process by the temperature controller;
s7, turning off the second liquid CO in the second tank B when the liquid level meter 37 in the second tank B shows that the upper point is reached2The inlet valve 36 opens the third liquid CO between the condenser 72 and the third storage tank C2An inlet valve 50 for introducing condensed liquid CO into the third storage tank C2A refrigerant; simultaneously starting the air compressor 1 to introduce high-pressure air into the second storage tank B, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the second storage tank B at 25kg/cm2The second storage tank B is used as a refrigerant storage tank to provide liquid CO2Refrigerant, and the third storage tank C is used as a liquid recovery tank for receiving the liquid CO after the vapor condensation2A refrigerant;
s8, turning off the third liquid CO of the third tank C when the liquid level meter 37 in the third tank C indicates that the upper point is reached2The inlet valve 50 opens the first liquid CO between the condenser 72 and the first storage tank A2An inlet valve 20 for introducing condensed liquid CO into the first storage tank A2A refrigerant; simultaneously starting the air compressor 1 to introduce high-pressure air into the third storage tank C, increasing the pressure and keeping the pressure in the third storage tank C at 25kg/cm2Converting the third storage tank C into liquid CO2The storage tank is used;
s9, when the liquid level meter 37 in the second storage tank B displays that the liquid level meter reaches the upper position point, the pressure feeding process is finished; the second storage tank B is used as liquid CO2The refrigerant storage tank is used for storing the refrigerant,feeding liquid CO to the evaporator 622Refrigerant, the first storage tank A depressurizes to 10kg/cm2Then used as a preparation recovery tank, and the third storage tank C is used for repeatedly recovering the condensed liquid CO2A refrigerant process; the second storage tank B, the third storage tank C and the first storage tank A are sequentially used as condensed liquid CO2A refrigerant recovery tank, and liquid CO in the recovery tank2The refrigerant is cooled to a physical point of recirculation and then is reused.
In this embodiment, in step S1 of the heating method: the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank A is 70-100% of the volume of the liquid carbon dioxide; the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the second storage tank B is 0-30% of the volume of the second storage tank B; and the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the third storage tank C is 0-30% of the volume of the third storage tank C; wherein, the filling amount of the first storage tank A meets the requirement of single-time circulation use.
In this embodiment, in step S3 of the heating method: the secondary refrigerant heated by the heat exchange on the surface of the condenser and fresh air outside the vehicle are mixed in proportion to adjust the temperature and then enter the vehicle body for heating in the vehicle. In addition, according to needs, the filter 101 can be used for purifying the fresh air neutralized by the fresh air heat exchanger 100 and subjected to temperature and speed regulation, so that the comfort level of the air in the vehicle is improved.
In this embodiment, in step S4 of the heating method: gaseous CO from the vaporizer 622The refrigerant flows into the condenser 72, and the pressure in the pipe of the condenser 72 and the gaseous CO are measured at this time2The temperature control method of the refrigerant comprises the following steps: the vapor is pressurized by booster 69 to maintain the condenser 72 internal chamber at a stable set pressure. Meanwhile, the steam temperature is not lower than 31 ℃ through an electric auxiliary heating device 70; or by controlling the introduction of liquid CO2Compressed air pressure in the tank, regulating the flow of liquid CO through the evaporator 622The mass of (c); or by a pressure reducing valve or flow meter 60, to regulate the liquid CO flowing through the evaporator 622The quality of (c).
Example 4
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, unlike the foregoing embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted heating system using the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase-change circulation heating system, which further includes a first fresh air fan 87,a first fresh air fan 87 is disposed at the refrigerant inlet or outlet of the evaporator 62 and/or condenser 72. The evaporator 62 is disposed outside the vehicle, and the coolant flows through the outside of the tube walls of the evaporator 62 with air to absorb sensible heat from the outside air. Liquid CO after absorbing sensible heat of air outside vehicle2Cold transformation to gaseous CO2The high-temperature high-pressure gaseous CO enters a condenser 72 after being pressurized and heated by a booster pump 69 and is discharged by the booster pump 692The indoor air of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the secondary refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise, so that the heating purpose is realized.
In the present embodiment, the gaseous CO flows from the vaporizer 622The refrigerant flows into the condenser 72, and the pressure in the pipe of the condenser 72 and the gaseous CO are measured at this time2The temperature of the refrigerant is controllable, firstly, the steam is pressurized by the supercharger 69, the stable set pressure of the inner cavity of the condenser 72 is kept, and meanwhile, the steam temperature is not lower than 31 ℃ by the electric auxiliary heat device 70; secondly, the introduction of liquid CO is controlled2Compressed air pressure in the tank, regulating liquid CO flow through the air vaporizer 622The mass of (c); thirdly, the liquid CO flowing through the evaporator 62 is regulated by a pressure reducing valve or flow meter 602In turn, controls the rate of heat exchange with the coolant and, thus, the temperature of the coolant.
In this embodiment, the method further includes the step of defrosting the evaporator 62 and/or the condenser 72 by: by passing liquid CO from the bottom of condenser 72 into evaporator 622The refrigerant melts frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the refrigerant is used as an evaporator; or the high-temperature and high-pressure air is introduced into the evaporator 62 to melt the frost ice on the outer surface of the tube wall when the evaporator is in a function, and meanwhile, the secondary refrigerant for defrosting can be reused as a low-temperature secondary heat source.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, unlike the foregoing embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted heating system using the vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system, the vehicle-mounted heating system further includes a sealed housing 88 and a second fresh air blower 90, the evaporator 62 and/or the condenser 72 are disposed in the sealed housing 88 to form a heat exchange channel 89; the second fresh air machine 90 is distributed through the pipelineIs arranged at the inlet or the outlet of the heat exchange channel 89; wherein the coolant, which is air, water or a glycol aqueous solution, flows through the outside of the tube walls of the evaporator 62 and/or the condenser 72 to absorb sensible heat from the outside air. Liquid CO after absorbing sensible heat of air outside vehicle2Cold transformation to gaseous CO2The high-temperature high-pressure gaseous CO enters a condenser 72 after being pressurized and heated by a booster pump 69 and is discharged by the booster pump 692The indoor air of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the secondary refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise, so that the heating purpose is realized.
Gaseous CO from the vaporizer 622The refrigerant flows into the condenser 72, and the pressure in the pipe of the condenser 72 and the gaseous CO are measured at this time2The temperature of the refrigerant is controllable, firstly, the steam is pressurized by the supercharger 69, the stable set pressure of the inner cavity of the condenser 72 is kept, and meanwhile, the steam temperature is not lower than 31 ℃ by the electric auxiliary heat device 70; secondly, the introduction of liquid CO is controlled2Compressed air pressure in the tank, regulating liquid CO flow through the air vaporizer 622The mass of (c); thirdly, the liquid CO flowing through the evaporator 62 is regulated by a pressure reducing valve or flow meter 602In turn, controls the rate of heat exchange with the coolant and, thus, the temperature of the coolant.
In this embodiment, the method further includes the step of defrosting the evaporator 62 and/or the condenser 72 by: by passing liquid CO from the bottom of condenser 72 into evaporator 622The refrigerant melts frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the refrigerant is used as an evaporator; or the high-temperature and high-pressure air is introduced into the evaporator 62 to melt the frost ice on the outer surface of the tube wall when the evaporator is in a function, and meanwhile, the secondary refrigerant for defrosting can be reused as a low-temperature secondary heat source.
The points to be finally explained are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, and may be a direct connection, and "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are referred to, other structures can refer to common designs, and the same embodiment and different embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other without conflict;
and finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (31)

1. On-vehicle carbon dioxide phase transition circulation heating system, its characterized in that includes:
the battery bin group is used for providing energy for the automobile;
the vehicle-mounted engine is used for providing power for the vehicle and providing power for the air compressor;
the air compressor is connected with the vehicle-mounted engine or the battery cabin group and used for providing high-pressure gas for a system under the driving of the vehicle-mounted engine or the battery cabin group;
at least two liquid CO arranged in parallel2Storage tank of said liquid CO2The storage tanks are respectively connected with the air compressors to alternately introduce the high-pressure gas to control the liquid CO2The pressure within the storage tank;
evaporators respectively connected with the liquid CO2A storage tank to receive the liquid CO2Liquid CO supplied from storage tank2Said liquid CO2Absorbs the sensible heat of the outside air flowing through the surface of the air conditioner to gasify and heat up and convert the outside air into gaseous CO2；
A booster pump connected with the evaporator to alternately receive gaseous CO discharged from the evaporator2And carrying out pressurization and temperature rise on the mixture; and
a condenser connected with the booster pump to receive CO discharged from the booster pump2Tubes for passing the vapour through said condenserLatent heat is transferred from the wall surface, the latent heat is absorbed by the coolant flowing across the surface of the condenser to complete warming of the coolant, and the CO in the condenser2The latent heat released by the liquefaction of the vapor is converted into liquid CO2And (4) flowing out.
2. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system according to claim 1, wherein a temperature probe and a smoke sensor are arranged in a bin body of the battery bin group, and the bin body is connected with at least one liquid CO through a fire extinguishing pipeline via a normally closed fire extinguishing electric valve2And (4) storage tank.
3. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system according to claim 1, wherein a heat radiator is arranged in a bin body of the battery bin group, and is used for temperature management of a battery in the bin body, wherein:
the liquid inlet of the radiator is connected with the bottom of the condenser through a first preheating electric valve by a pipeline, and the liquid outlet is connected with at least one liquid CO by a second preheating electric valve by a pipeline2The storage tank is connected.
4. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
the air inlet of the fresh air heat exchanger is communicated with the air outside the vehicle body, the fresh air blows across the surface of the condenser through the fan, the warmed fresh air is introduced into the vehicle through the shunt pipe as a secondary refrigerant, and the temperature of the fresh air is controlled by controlling the air speed.
5. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 4, further comprising:
and the air filter is connected with the fresh air heat exchanger through a pipeline and is used for purifying the fresh air output by the fresh air heat exchanger.
6. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle-mounted engine is a fuel engine or an electric engine.
7. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
an electric auxiliary heating device arranged on the pipeline between the booster pump and the condenser for pressurizing and heating the booster pump to obtain gaseous CO2The temperature is raised again.
8. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, wherein the liquid CO is heated by the heat exchanger2The storage tank is used as a recovery tank to alternately receive liquid CO discharged after heat release of the condenser2While the pressure in the inner cavity of the recovery tank is lower than the pressure of the condenser, liquid CO2The refrigerant is cooled by the condenser and then flows to a recovery tank under reduced pressure to be recycled as a refrigerant;
when the temperature in the recovery tank is higher than the set temperature, introducing liquid CO2By means of liquid CO2Gasifying the latent heat to be absorbed while raising the temperature of the absorbed sensible heat to make the liquid CO flow to the recovery tank at a temperature higher than the circulation point2Cooling to the physical point of recycling use and using as liquid CO2And (4) recycling.
9. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2An injection mechanism at the upper part in the storage tank, and the injection mechanism and other liquid CO2The lower parts of the storage tanks are communicated;
to the liquid CO functioning as a recovery tank2Other liquid CO is introduced into the storage tank2Liquid CO in storage tank2The liquid is gasified to absorb latent heat and raise temperature to absorb sensible heat, and the liquid flowing back to the recovering tank is decompressed to generate throttling expansion effect to absorb heat so as to flow into the recovering tank after condensation and temperature reductionLiquid CO of the receiving tank2Continuously releasing sensible heat to cool in a liquid state, and taking the liquid as liquid CO after reaching a physical point of recycling2And (4) recycling.
10. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 9, further comprising:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2And the liquid spraying electric valve and the liquid spraying proportion regulating valve are arranged on the conveying pipeline between the lower part of the storage tank and the spraying mechanism.
11. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2A liquid discharge electric valve and a pressure reducing valve or a flowmeter are arranged between the lower part of the storage tank and the evaporator and correspond to the conveying pipeline.
12. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
is correspondingly arranged on the upper part of the condenser and the liquid CO2Pilot valve or digital flowmeter and liquid CO on conveying pipeline between lower parts of storage tanks2Discharge valve, liquid CO2Discharge temperature sensor, liquid CO2Discharge check valve and corresponding liquid CO2An inlet valve.
13. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one of the liquid CO2The middle part of the storage tank is connected with liquid CO through a pipeline2An inlet valve; and
at least two of the liquid CO2The bottom of the storage tank is communicated with a drain outlet through a liquid discharge stop valve respectively.
14. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2An emptying proportional valve at the top of the storage tank, wherein the emptying proportional valve is communicated with CO through a pipeline2A vent port;
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2A safety valve at the top of the storage tank, a gas phase temperature sensor and a tank body pressure sensor; and
is correspondingly arranged on the liquid CO2A liquid level meter in the storage tank.
15. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, further comprising:
is correspondingly arranged on the air compressor and the liquid CO2A filter and an air buffer tank on the delivery pipe between the tops of the storage tanks;
the top of the air buffer tank is provided with a safety valve, a buffer tank temperature sensor and a buffer tank pressure sensor, and the bottom of the air buffer tank is provided with a buffer tank blow-down valve.
16. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 15, further comprising:
a compressed air inlet valve arranged on a pipeline between the filter and the top of the air buffer tank; and
is arranged at the upper part of the air buffer tank and each liquid CO2Stop valves between the storage tanks, corresponding check valves and air source proportion regulating valves.
17. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, wherein the evaporator and the condenser each comprise:
a liquid refrigerant storage tank, wherein a liquid refrigerant inlet on the liquid refrigerant storage tank is respectively communicated with each liquid CO through a pipeline2The lower part of the storage tank or the upper part of the evaporator is connected, and a storage tank liquid level meter is arranged in the storage tank;
the evaporation tubes are arranged side by side at certain intervals, and one end of each evaporation tube is connected with the liquid refrigerant storage tank;
the gaseous refrigerant storage tank is connected with the other ends of the evaporation tubes, and a gaseous refrigerant outlet on the gaseous refrigerant storage tank is respectively connected with the upper part of the condenser or each liquid CO through a pipeline2The lower part of the storage tank is connected;
the secondary refrigerant passes through the outer surfaces of the evaporation tubes for heat exchange, and adopts air, water or glycol aqueous solution.
18. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 17, further comprising:
a first fresh air fan disposed at an inlet or an outlet of the coolant of the evaporator and/or the condenser;
wherein the refrigerating medium adopts air, water or glycol water solution, and flows through the outside of the tube wall of the evaporator and/or the condenser.
19. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 17, further comprising:
the evaporator and/or the condenser are/is arranged in the sealed shell to form a heat exchange channel; and
the second fresh air fan is arranged at the inlet or the outlet of the heat exchange channel through a pipeline;
wherein the refrigerating medium adopts air, water or glycol water solution, and flows through the outside of the tube wall of the evaporator and/or the condenser.
20. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, wherein the liquid CO is heated by the heat exchanger2The number of the storage tanks is three, and the storage tanks are arranged in parallel.
21. The on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of claim 1, wherein the evaporator is a liquid refrigerant, and wherein the evaporator is a liquid refrigerantTwo, arranged in parallel with respect to the condenser to alternately supply vaporized gaseous CO to the condenser2。
22. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system according to claim 21, wherein the bottom of the condenser is connected to the two evaporators through a pipeline respectively;
wherein when one of said evaporators is in use, the other of said evaporators is operated as liquid CO2Is used for cooling, receives the liquid CO at the bottom of the condenser2；
And when the evaporator is cooled, frost ice on the outer surface of the tube wall is melted when the evaporator is used as the evaporator, and meanwhile, the secondary refrigerant for defrosting can be reused as a low-temperature secondary heat source.
23. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system according to claim 21, wherein the air compressor is further connected to the evaporator and the condenser, respectively;
to provide high temperature and high pressure air to the evaporator and/or the condenser for defrosting.
24. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure gas is high-pressure air, and the pressure of the high-pressure gas is 0.5-3.4 MPa.
25. The heating method of the heating system of any one of claims 1 to 24, comprising the steps of:
s1, filling liquid carbon dioxide which can meet the requirement of single cycle use into the first storage tank, and filling a small amount of liquid carbon dioxide into the second storage tank and the third storage tank;
s2, driving the air compressor by a vehicle-mounted engine or directly driving the air compressor by a battery cabin group, respectively introducing high-pressure air into the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the third storage tank, and respectively keeping the pressure in the first storage tank at 25kg/cm2The pressure in the second storage tank is not lower than10kg/cm2And the pressure in the third storage tank is not less than 10kg/cm2；
S3, using the first storage tank as a liquid storage tank, opening a first liquid discharge electric valve and a pressure reducing valve or a flow meter between the first storage tank and the evaporator, and adjusting the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide at the front and the rear of the first liquid discharge electric valve and the pressure reducing valve or the flow meter to be 25kg/cm respectively2And 13kg/cm2(ii) a The liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank enters an evaporator under the pressure action of high-pressure air, and liquid CO2The temperature of the steam is raised during the gasification, the latent heat absorbed by the gasification and the sensible heat absorbed by the temperature rise of the steam are transferred through the surface of the pipe wall by the sensible heat released by the temperature reduction of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the evaporator, and the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out of the evaporator is controlled to be not lower than minus 28 ℃;
s4, opening the three-way valve between the evaporator and the condenser, and pressurizing the steam to 70kg/cm by a booster pump2Meanwhile, the temperature of the steam is not lower than 31 ℃ through an electric auxiliary heating device, then the steam flows into a condenser, latent heat is released while the steam is liquefied in an inner pipe of the condenser, the released latent heat is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the outer surface of a pipe shell of the condenser and radiating fins arranged on the outer surface of the pipe shell, and the secondary refrigerant absorbs heat and is heated to complete a heating process for heating in a vehicle;
s5, opening the control valve, wherein the internal pressure of the second storage tank is 10kg/cm2Using differential pressure to cause liquid CO2Refluxing to a second storage tank, and taking the second storage tank as a liquid recovery tank;
s6, when the pressure in the second storage tank as a recovery tank reaches 17kg/cm2When the temperature is higher than minus 20 ℃, opening a first liquid spraying electric valve of the first storage tank, then opening a second liquid spraying proportion adjusting valve of the second storage tank, spraying a liquid refrigerant into the second storage tank, and reducing the temperature in the second storage tank to minus 23 ℃, wherein the process is repeatedly executed by the temperature controller;
s7, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the first liquid CO in the second storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the third liquid CO between the condenser and the third storage tank2An inlet valve for introducing condensed water into the third storage tankLiquid carbon dioxide; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the second storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the second storage tank at 25kg/cm2The second storage tank is used as a refrigerant liquid storage tank to provide liquid carbon dioxide, and the third storage tank is used as a liquid recovery tank to receive the liquid carbon dioxide after vapor condensation;
s8, when the liquid level meter in the third storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the third liquid CO in the third storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the first liquid CO between the condenser and the first storage tank2The inlet valve is used for introducing condensed liquid carbon dioxide into the first storage tank; simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the third storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the third storage tank at 25kg/cm2Converting the liquid refrigerant in the third storage tank into a liquid refrigerant storage tank for use;
s9, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank shows that the liquid level meter reaches the upper position point, the first storage tank pumps the liquid CO2The process is ended; the second storage tank is used as a liquid refrigerant storage tank for pumping liquid CO to the evaporator2The first storage tank is depressurized to 10kg/cm2Then the third storage tank is used as a prepared recovery tank, and the process of recovering the condensed liquid carbon dioxide is repeated by the third storage tank; and the second storage tank, the third storage tank and the first storage tank are sequentially used as a condensed liquid carbon dioxide recovery tank, and the liquid refrigerant is cooled to a recycling physical point in the recovery tank and then is reused.
26. The heating method of the heating system of any one of claims 1 to 24, comprising the steps of:
s1, filling liquid carbon dioxide which can meet the requirement of single cycle use into the first storage tank, and filling a small amount of liquid carbon dioxide into the second storage tank and the third storage tank;
s2, driving the air compressor by a vehicle-mounted engine or directly driving the air compressor by a battery cabin group, respectively introducing high-pressure air into the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the third storage tank, and respectively keeping the pressure in the first storage tank at 25kg/cm2The pressure in the second storage tank is not lower than 10kg/cm2And the pressure in the third storage tank is not less than 10kg/cm2；
S3, taking the first storage tank as a liquid storage tank, opening a first liquid discharge electric valve and a pressure reducing valve or a flow meter between the first storage tank and the evaporator, and adjusting liquid CO in front of and behind the first liquid discharge electric valve and the pressure reducing valve or the flow meter2Respectively at a pressure of 25kg/cm2And 13kg/cm2(ii) a Make the liquid CO in the first storage tank2The liquid CO enters the evaporator under the pressure of high-pressure air2The temperature of the steam rises while the gasification is carried out, the latent heat absorbed by the gasification and the sensible heat absorbed by the temperature rise of the steam are transferred through the surface of the pipe wall by the sensible heat released by the temperature reduction of the secondary refrigerant flowing through the surface of the evaporator, and the gaseous CO flowing out of the evaporator is controlled2The temperature of the reaction is not lower than-28 ℃;
s4, opening the three-way valve between the evaporator and the condenser, and pressurizing the steam to 70kg/cm by a booster pump2Meanwhile, the temperature of the steam is not lower than 31 ℃ through an electric auxiliary heating device, then the steam flows into a condenser, the steam is liquefied in an inner pipe of the condenser and releases latent heat, the released latent heat is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the outer surface of a pipe shell of the condenser and radiating fins arranged on the outer surface of the pipe shell, and the secondary refrigerant absorbs heat and is heated to complete a heating process for heating in a vehicle;
s5, opening the control valve, and making the liquefied high-temperature liquid CO in the condenser pass through the three-way valve2Flowing through the other evaporator arranged in parallel, so that the condensed high-temperature liquid carbon dioxide and the secondary refrigerant outside the evaporator continuously exchange heat and cool and then flow back to the second storage tank; the heat released in the cooling process is transferred to the secondary refrigerant through the pipe wall, and meanwhile, the frost outside the pipe wall is melted; two sets of evaporators which are arranged in parallel are used for defrosting and evaporating each other through a control program;
s6, when the pressure in the second storage tank as a recovery tank reaches 17kg/cm2When the temperature is higher than-20 deg.C, the electrically operated valve for the first liquid spray is opened, the proportional valve for the second liquid spray is opened, and liquid CO is introduced2Spraying into a recovery tank to reduce the temperature in the recovery tank to-23 ℃, wherein the process is repeatedly executed by a temperature controller;
s7, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank displays that the liquid level meter reaches the upper positionWhile the second liquid CO of the second storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the third liquid CO between the condenser and the third storage tank2An inlet valve for introducing condensed liquid CO into the third storage tank2(ii) a Simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the second storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the second storage tank at 25kg/cm2The second storage tank is used as a refrigerant storage tank to provide liquid CO2Taking the third storage tank as a liquid recovery tank to receive the liquid CO after the vapor is condensed2；
S8, when the liquid level meter in the third storage tank shows that the upper point is reached, the third liquid CO in the third storage tank is closed2An inlet valve for opening the first liquid CO between the condenser and the first storage tank2An inlet valve for introducing condensed liquid CO into the first storage tank2(ii) a Simultaneously starting the air compressor to introduce high-pressure air into the third storage tank, pressurizing and keeping the pressure in the third storage tank at 25kg/cm2Converting the liquid CO into liquid CO in the third storage tank2The storage tank is used;
s9, when the liquid level meter in the second storage tank displays that the liquid level meter reaches the upper position point, the pressure feeding process is finished; the second storage tank is used as liquid CO2The liquid CO is pumped to the evaporator when the storage tank is used2The first storage tank is depressurized to 10kg/cm2Then used as a preparation recovery tank, and the third storage tank is used for repeatedly recovering the condensed liquid CO2A process; the second storage tank, the third storage tank and the first storage tank are sequentially used as condensed liquid CO2A recovery tank, and liquid CO is simultaneously completed in the recovery tank2And the temperature is reduced to the physical point of recycling and then the product is reused.
27. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein in step S1:
the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the first storage tank is 70-100% of the volume of the first storage tank;
the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the second storage tank is 0-30% of the volume of the second storage tank; and
the filling amount of the liquid carbon dioxide in the third storage tank is 0-30% of the volume of the third storage tank;
wherein the first storage tank is filled with a volume sufficient for a single cycle of use.
28. The vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase-change cycle heating method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein in step S3, the coolant after being heated by heat exchange on the surface of the condenser is mixed with fresh air outside the vehicle in proportion to adjust the temperature, and then enters the vehicle body.
29. The on-vehicle carbon dioxide cycle heating method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein in step S4, the gaseous CO flowing out of the evaporator2Flows into the condenser, the pressure in the pipe of the condenser and gaseous CO are generated2The temperature control method of (1) comprises:
pressurizing steam by a booster pump, keeping the inner cavity of the condenser at a stable set pressure, and simultaneously enabling the temperature of the steam to be not lower than 31 ℃ by an electric auxiliary heating device; or
By controlling the introduction of liquid CO2Compressed air pressure in the tank, regulating the flow of liquid CO through the evaporator2The mass of (c); or
Regulating the liquid CO flowing through the evaporator by means of a pressure reducing valve or a flow meter2The quality of (c).
30. The on-board carbon dioxide cycle heating method according to claim 25 or 26, further comprising a step of defrosting the evaporator by:
by introducing liquid CO at the bottom of the condenser into the evaporator2Melting the frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the pipe wall is used as an evaporator; or
And introducing high-temperature and high-pressure air into the evaporator to melt the frost ice on the outer surface of the pipe wall when the evaporator is in a function.
31. On-vehicle heating ware, its characterized in that includes:
the on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle heating system of any one of claims 1-24; and/or
The method of heating using the on-board carbon dioxide phase change cycle of any of claims 25-30.
CN202110522916.3A 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 Vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system and method and vehicle-mounted heater Pending CN113513853A (en)

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CN202110522916.3A CN113513853A (en) 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 Vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system and method and vehicle-mounted heater

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110522916.3A CN113513853A (en) 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 Vehicle-mounted carbon dioxide phase change circulation heating system and method and vehicle-mounted heater

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CN113513853A true CN113513853A (en) 2021-10-19

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