CN113513320A - Tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall - Google Patents
Tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113513320A CN113513320A CN202110478087.3A CN202110478087A CN113513320A CN 113513320 A CN113513320 A CN 113513320A CN 202110478087 A CN202110478087 A CN 202110478087A CN 113513320 A CN113513320 A CN 113513320A
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- tunnel
- steel pipe
- rockfall
- tunneling
- construction
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rockfall and rockfall, belongs to the technical field of tunnel support, and solves the problems that in the prior art, a safe support mode in a rockfall area is complicated in construction, construction progress is influenced, the support effect is poor, and safety is low. The invention comprises the following steps: step 1: construction preparation, prefabricating steel pipe sheets; step 2: drilling blasting, namely performing drilling blasting at a preset position according to design requirements; and step 3: slag is discharged, and soil and stones generated by blasting are cleaned and transported out of the tunnel; and 4, step 4: spraying concrete, namely spraying the concrete to the blasted surrounding rock; and 5: assembling the steel pipe sheets, namely assembling the steel pipe sheets on the surrounding rock after the concrete is sprayed; step 6: repeating the step 2-5, and performing tunneling and supporting of the next ring; and 7: and after the rear end surrounding rock is deformed stably, disassembling the steel pipe sheet at the rear end of the tunnel and assembling the steel pipe sheet at the front end of the tunnel for surrounding rock supporting. The invention can effectively improve the production efficiency, reduce the construction time and has higher safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly relates to a tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rockburst and rockfall.
Background
With the development of tunnel engineering, many hard rock tunnels pass through areas with high ground stress or expansion stress, however, when the areas with high ground stress or expansion stress are excavated, due to the influence of excavation load, the surrounding rocks are subjected to stress concentration and strain energy accumulation, so that the surrounding rocks are subjected to rock burst phenomena of random spatial cracking, ejection and throwing, which are commonly found in deep-buried tunnel faces, vaults and vaults. At present, the rockburst area is mainly protected by the following measures: (1) drilling an anchor rod hole to perform pressure relief treatment; (2) increasing the interval time between blasting excavation and subsequent procedures; (3) and (4) supporting by using a protective net or a trolley vertical frame.
In the existing tunnel construction, the phenomenon of rock burst is frequently generated when the tunnel passes through a region with high ground stress or expansion stress. The anchor rod hole pressure relief treatment or the passive protection of increasing the interval time between blasting excavation and subsequent processes is adopted, so that the construction progress is influenced, and the stress release degree is difficult to judge. In addition, a protective net or a trolley vertical frame support can be adopted for active protection. The protective net has the advantages of long service life, standardized installation procedure, easy spreading and the like, but the construction procedure is more complicated and complicated, and the construction progress cannot be ensured; the support of the trolley vertical frame can reduce the threat of rock burst to constructors and construction equipment to a certain extent, but the support effect is not good, and the safety is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rockfall and rockburst, aiming at solving the problems that in the prior art, a safe support mode in a rockburst area is complicated in construction, influences construction progress, is poor in support effect and is low in safety, and the tunnel tunneling support method comprises the following steps: the production efficiency and the safety are improved, and the threat to constructors and equipment is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall comprises the following steps:
step 1: construction preparation, prefabricating steel pipe sheets;
step 2: drilling blasting, namely performing drilling blasting at a preset position according to design requirements;
and step 3: slag is discharged, and soil and stones generated by blasting are cleaned and transported out of the tunnel;
and 4, step 4: spraying concrete, namely spraying the concrete to the blasted surrounding rock;
and 5: assembling the steel pipe sheets, namely assembling the steel pipe sheets on the surrounding rock after the concrete is sprayed;
step 6: repeating the step 2-5, and performing tunneling and supporting of the next ring;
and 7: after the rear end surrounding rock is deformed stably, disassembling the steel pipe sheet at the rear end of the tunnel and assembling the steel pipe sheet at the front end of the tunnel for surrounding rock supporting;
and 8: and repeating the steps until the tunnel construction is completed.
After the technical scheme is adopted, when the tunnel is subjected to rock burst, the steel pipe sheet is extruded, the supporting counter force of the steel pipe sheet can resist the pressure of surrounding rock during rock burst, the stability of a rock body is further improved, the exposure time of the surrounding rock is reduced, the occurrence of rock burst and rock collapse is effectively prevented, small rock bursts and rock collapse are limited in a certain space, and finally the safety protection of the rock burst tunnel is realized. Compared with the pressure relief treatment of the anchor rod hole, the increase of the interval time between blasting excavation and subsequent procedures and the protective net, the method can realize the separation of drilling and blasting excavation and supporting, shortens the excavation circulation, is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively improve the production efficiency, and reduces the construction time. Compared with the support of the trolley vertical frame, the support of the method is more stable, the threat to constructors and equipment is further reduced, and the safety is higher.
Preferably, the size of the steel pipe sheet in the step 1 is adapted to the size of the tunnel profile, and the steel pipe sheet is provided with a prepared hole for anchor rod construction.
After the preferable scheme is adopted, anchor rod construction can be carried out through the preformed hole on the steel pipe sheet, and the strength and the safety of support are further improved.
Preferably, a three-armed drill jumbo is used for drilling in step 2.
Preferably, in the step 3, before tapping, the fan is turned on to ventilate the tunnel until the air in the tunnel reaches the specification.
After the adoption of the optimal scheme, the circulation of air in the tunnel can be accelerated, so that the air in the tunnel meets the construction requirement as soon as possible, and the construction safety is ensured.
Preferably, loose soil and stones on the tunnel face are cleaned during slag discharge in the step 3.
After adopting this preferred scheme, can prevent when strutting loose soil stone on the face and drop and injure constructor's the condition by a crashing object, the security is higher.
Preferably, in the step 5, the steel pipe pieces are assembled in the order from bottom to top.
After the preferred scheme is adopted, the segment assembly is more convenient and the construction is more convenient.
Preferably, when the steel pipe piece is assembled, the first pipe piece and the previous ring pipe piece are accurately leveled by using the leveling ruler, and the longitudinal bolt and the circumferential bolt are simultaneously screwed down, so that the steel pipe piece and the previous ring steel pipe piece are positioned on the same plane.
After the preferred scheme is adopted, the flatness of the assembled duct pieces can be improved.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. when rock burst takes place in the tunnel, will extrude the steel-pipe piece, the pressure when surrounding rock burst can be kept out to the supporting counter-force of steel-pipe piece, and then improves the stability of rock mass, reduces the exposure time of surrounding rock, effectively prevents the emergence that the rock burst collapses the stone to with the fritter limit in certain space, finally realize the safety protection in rock burst tunnel.
2. Compared with the pressure relief treatment of the anchor rod hole, the increase of the interval time between blasting excavation and subsequent procedures and the protective net, the method can realize the separation of drilling and blasting excavation and supporting, shortens the excavation circulation, is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively improve the production efficiency, and reduces the construction time.
3. Compared with the support of the trolley vertical frame, the support of the method is more stable, the threat to constructors and equipment is further reduced, and the safety is higher.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a steel pipe sheet.
The drilling platform comprises a 1-three-arm drilling jumbo, a 2-tracked vehicle provided with a segment erector, 3-steel pipe segments and 4-reserved holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, and are only used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
A tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall comprises the following steps:
step 1: construction preparation:
mechanical preparation: the construction machinery and equipment (such as a three-arm rock drilling jumbo 1 in fig. 1 and a crawler 2 provided with a segment erector) to be used in the tunnel construction process are prepared, and the construction machinery is subjected to omnibearing inspection to ensure that the construction machinery can normally work.
Technical preparation: before construction, drawings and plan books are carefully consulted, specific geological conditions, hydrological environments, buildings around tunnels and the like of projects are comprehensively mastered, and top-to-bottom technical interaction work is carried out.
Preparing materials: preparing materials needed by construction, and ensuring that the materials can enter a field only when meeting relevant quality requirements. The steel pipe piece 3 is processed and finished in a prefabrication factory according to design parameters, the outer side of the processed steel pipe piece is ensured to be tightly attached to a tunnel rock wall, a preformed hole 4 (used for anchor rod construction and not shown in the figure) is formed in the steel pipe piece, and threaded holes are formed in the periphery of the steel pipe piece and used for longitudinal and circumferential connection between the steel pipe pieces.
Step 2: and (3) drilling and blasting, wherein corresponding construction lofting work is carried out according to the standard of a drawing before drilling, specific positions of peripheral holes, auxiliary holes and cut holes are sequentially found, the number of the peripheral holes, the auxiliary holes and the cut holes is accurately determined, then the three-arm rock drilling trolley is used for drilling, and then explosives are installed for blasting.
And step 3: and (5) deslagging, cleaning soil and stones generated by blasting and transporting the soil and stones out of the tunnel. And after the blasting, opening a fan to carry out ventilation work, and carrying out the next hole-entering slag-discharging work only when the gas in the hole body reaches the slag-discharging standard. The all-round cleaning work is carried out to loose soil and stones on the tunnel face in the deslagging link, so that the phenomenon that people are injured due to falling in the supporting link is avoided, and the next supporting work can be carried out after the deslagging work is completed.
And 4, step 4: and (4) spraying concrete, namely spraying the concrete to the blasted surrounding rock, wherein the spraying thickness is controlled to be 6-10 cm.
And 5: assembling the steel pipe sheets, namely assembling the steel pipe sheets on the surrounding rock after the concrete is sprayed. Before assembly, garbage and accumulated water at the installation part are thoroughly removed, and meanwhile, the steel pipe sheet must be accurately positioned, particularly the first ring needs to be placed in the middle; during assembly, a principle of bottom to top is adopted, the flatness of the duct piece, the advance amount of the ring surface and the ovality need to be well held, and a first duct piece and a previous ring pipe piece need to be accurately leveled by a horizontal ruler; adopt bolted connection between the steel-pipe piece, assemble the section of jurisdiction while screwing up and indulge, hoop connecting bolt, each section of jurisdiction need paste tightly and carry out safety protection through bolt adjustment gap and dislocation condition when assembling.
Step 6: repeating the steps 2-5, and performing tunneling and supporting of the next ring;
and 7: and after the rear-end surrounding rock is deformed stably, disassembling the steel pipe sheet at the rear end of the tunnel by using a pipe sheet assembling machine on the crawler and assembling the steel pipe sheet at the front end of the tunnel for surrounding rock supporting.
And 8: and repeating the steps, after the front end is tunneled and the concrete is sprayed, continuously disassembling the steel pipe sheet at the rear end to the front end for supporting until the tunnel construction is completed.
By adopting the invention, the safety protection can be carried out on the rock burst tunnel, the support of surrounding rocks is more stable, the threat to constructors and equipment is further lightened, the safety is higher, the working efficiency can be improved, the steel pipe sheet can be recycled, and the construction cost is reduced.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: construction preparation, prefabricating steel pipe sheets;
step 2: drilling blasting, namely performing drilling blasting at a preset position according to design requirements;
and step 3: slag is discharged, and soil and stones generated by blasting are cleaned and transported out of the tunnel;
and 4, step 4: spraying concrete, namely spraying the concrete to the blasted surrounding rock;
and 5: assembling the steel pipe sheets, namely assembling the steel pipe sheets on the surrounding rock after the concrete is sprayed;
step 6: repeating the step 2-5, and performing tunneling and supporting of the next ring;
and 7: after the rear end surrounding rock is deformed stably, disassembling the steel pipe sheet at the rear end of the tunnel and assembling the steel pipe sheet at the front end of the tunnel for surrounding rock supporting;
and 8: and repeating the steps until the tunnel construction is completed.
2. The tunneling and supporting method for preventing rockfall according to claim 1, wherein the size of the steel pipe sheet in the step 1 is adapted to the size of the tunnel profile, and the steel pipe sheet is provided with a prepared hole for anchor rod construction.
3. The method for tunneling and supporting rock burst prevention according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, a three-arm rock drilling jumbo is used for drilling.
4. The tunneling support method for preventing rockfall and rockfall according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, before slag tapping, the fan is started to ventilate the tunnel until air in the tunnel meets the specification requirements.
5. The tunneling support method for preventing rockfall according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, loose earth and stones on the tunnel face are cleaned during deslagging.
6. The tunneling and supporting method for preventing rockfall according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the steel pipes are assembled in a bottom-up order.
7. The tunneling support method for preventing rockfall and rockfall according to claim 1, wherein during the assembly of the steel pipe pieces, a first pipe piece and a previous ring pipe piece are accurately leveled by using a level ruler, and longitudinal and circumferential bolts are tightened simultaneously, so that the steel pipe pieces and the previous ring of steel pipe pieces are positioned on the same plane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110478087.3A CN113513320A (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110478087.3A CN113513320A (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113513320A true CN113513320A (en) | 2021-10-19 |
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| CN202110478087.3A Pending CN113513320A (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Tunnel tunneling support method for preventing rock burst and rockfall |
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Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110129300A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-02 | Dimillo Tony | Steel liners for tunnels |
| KR101838663B1 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-03-14 | 주식회사 호반건설산업 | strengthening method of rock tunnel fault fractured zone |
| CN108518232A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-11 | 中铁十七局集团有限公司 | The anti-rock burst method for protecting support of single-track railway tunnel of corresponding different rock burst intensity grades |
| CN110374636A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-25 | 中铁十七局集团第二工程有限公司 | A kind of construction method of tunnel rock burst security protection |
| CN110939468A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-03-31 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Assembly type supporting steel pipe piece of open type TBM (tunnel boring machine) and combined supporting method of assembly type supporting steel pipe piece and spray anchor |
| CN111350509A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-30 | 中铁二十二局集团轨道工程有限公司 | Muck improvement and grouting method for sandy gravel stratum tunnel shield construction |
| CN112343613A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-02-09 | 辽宁三三工业有限公司 | Construction method combining shield method and spray anchor support |
-
2021
- 2021-04-30 CN CN202110478087.3A patent/CN113513320A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110129300A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-02 | Dimillo Tony | Steel liners for tunnels |
| KR101838663B1 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-03-14 | 주식회사 호반건설산업 | strengthening method of rock tunnel fault fractured zone |
| CN108518232A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-11 | 中铁十七局集团有限公司 | The anti-rock burst method for protecting support of single-track railway tunnel of corresponding different rock burst intensity grades |
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| CN110939468A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-03-31 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Assembly type supporting steel pipe piece of open type TBM (tunnel boring machine) and combined supporting method of assembly type supporting steel pipe piece and spray anchor |
| CN111350509A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-30 | 中铁二十二局集团轨道工程有限公司 | Muck improvement and grouting method for sandy gravel stratum tunnel shield construction |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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