CN111255473A - Excavation construction method of soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine - Google Patents
Excavation construction method of soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111255473A CN111255473A CN202010125690.9A CN202010125690A CN111255473A CN 111255473 A CN111255473 A CN 111255473A CN 202010125690 A CN202010125690 A CN 202010125690A CN 111255473 A CN111255473 A CN 111255473A
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- tunnel
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- construction method
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
- E21F5/04—Spraying barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
- G01C15/004—Reference lines, planes or sectors
Abstract
The invention provides an excavation construction method of a cantilever type heading machine for a soft rock tunnel, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the cantilever type tunneling machine, the second conveyor, the laser direction indicator and the ventilator equipment enter the field; step two: installing a laser direction indicator; step three: laser pointing measurement positioning; step four: positioning and debugging the cantilever type tunneling machine and the second conveyor; step five: tunneling and excavating for the first time; step six: subsequent tunneling; step seven: measuring a steel ruler and trimming an excavation surface. According to the construction method, the cantilever type heading machine is adopted for tunnel excavation construction, disturbance to surrounding rocks is effectively reduced, damage to the surrounding rocks is avoided, and safety and quality are guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation construction, in particular to an excavation construction method of a soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine.
Background
A large number of diversion tunnels are constructed in the construction process of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and most of China adopts a drilling and blasting method for construction at present. In the soft rock tunnel, weak weathering and strong weathering exist, rock mass is broken, the rock mass is influenced by geological structure, joint cracks develop, a plurality of pieces of mud are arranged, a soft interlayer and a bedding-in dislocation zone are arranged, a large number of blank cutting bodies exist, groundwater activity is moderate and strong, rock mass weathering is accelerated, the shear strength of a structural surface is reduced, the included angle between a tunnel line and the structural surface is larger than 30 degrees, and the rock stratum inclination angle is smaller than 30 degrees. For such phenomena of the soft rock tunnel, if the construction is carried out according to the traditional drilling and blasting excavation method, the phenomena of collapse and block falling in the excavation process become a normal state, serious potential safety and quality hazards exist, meanwhile, the resource waste is increased, the construction cost is greatly increased, and the requirement of the construction period cannot be met.
The invention application with the application number of 201811365035.X provides a construction method for excavating a large-section soft rock tunnel, which comprises the following steps: projecting a laser reference point on the section of the tunnel, excavating a lower pilot tunnel at the lower part of the section of the tunnel, and transferring the muck out of the lower pilot tunnel; trimming the side wall of the lower pilot tunnel according to the laser reference point as a reference point; excavating an upper pilot tunnel on the section of the tunnel from bottom to top; and after the upper pilot tunnel is excavated, finishing the section contour line of the upper pilot tunnel by taking the laser datum point as a reference point. The construction method can improve the excavation speed of the large-section soft rock tunnel, is compact in procedure connection, saves time, can reduce equipment abrasion, and contributes less in the aspect of reducing disturbance to rock strata.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method capable of reducing potential safety hazards.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
an excavation construction method of a soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a cantilever type tunneling machine, a second conveyor, a laser direction indicator and a ventilator are arranged on a construction site, the surface of the site is cleaned, and the laser direction indicator is initially positioned;
step two: calculating the position of a laser central line according to a tunnel excavation design line, and installing a laser direction indicator according to the position of the laser central line;
step three: measuring and positioning the laser direction, and after the laser direction indicator is installed and fixed, measuring the position and the direction of a laser central line of the laser direction indicator by using a measuring instrument;
step four: positioning and debugging the cantilever type tunneling machine and the second conveyor;
step five: firstly, tunneling and excavating, namely cutting a probe hole forwards by using a cutting head of a cantilever type tunneling machine to serve as a free surface extending to a design line, and performing cutting construction by pressing a shovel tip of the tunneling machine and a bottom plate;
step six: subsequent tunneling, cutting to the position of an excavation design line, cutting rocks from bottom to top and from left to right by using a cutting head of the boom-type tunneling machine in the subsequent tunneling process, conveying the cut rocks to a first conveyor by using a star-shaped shovel plate of the boom-type tunneling machine, conveying the cut rocks to the tail part of the boom-type tunneling machine by using the first conveyor, enabling the cut rocks to enter a second conveyor, placing the rocks in a transport vehicle by using the second conveyor, and conveying the rocks out of a tunnel by using the transport vehicle;
step seven: and measuring a steel ruler and trimming an excavation face, and using the distance between the central line of the laser direction indicator measured by the steel ruler and the excavation design line as a comparison standard to trim the excavation face so that the cutting section is matched with the shape of the excavation design line.
And further, in the sixth step, when the tunnel is excavated to 3-3.5m, erecting a door-shaped steel frame at the tunnel opening, connecting five subsidiary tunnel grid steel frames under the protection of the door-shaped steel frame, and drilling a foot locking anchor rod.
Further, in the sixth step, along with the excavation, new steel supports are arranged every 2-3m along the excavation direction to support the hole wall.
Further, in step three, the measuring instrument is a leica TS061335701 total station.
Further, in step three, 3 laser pointers are used, 2 of them are installed at the arching position of the side wall at two sides, and 1 is installed at the vault position.
Further, in the third step, the distance between the center of the laser beam of the laser direction indicator and the excavation design line is 25 cm.
Further, in the fourth step, the method also comprises the step of installing a tunneling water spraying device on the cantilever type tunneling machine, wherein the water spraying device is at least provided with 2 water spraying nozzles, one water spraying nozzle faces to a tunneling drill bit of the cantilever type tunneling machine, and the other water spraying nozzle faces to an excavation working face.
And further, in the fifth step, the cantilever type heading machine is provided with drainage equipment, and water gushing in the excavation process is discharged out of the hole through the drainage equipment.
And further, in the fifth step, along with the excavation, arranging a dust exhaust fan near the tunnel portal.
Further, in the sixth step, along with the excavation, a press-in type ventilation fan is arranged at a position 10m away from the working face of the tunnel, and a secondary isolation water curtain is arranged at the front end of the press-in type ventilation fan.
And further, in the sixth step, a primary isolation water curtain is arranged at the tunnel opening.
Furthermore, in the sixth step, the second-stage isolation water curtain is a C-shaped water spraying pipe which is fixedly installed on the top wall and the two side walls of the tunnel, and a water spraying opening of the C-shaped water spraying pipe faces the bottom surface of the tunnel and supplies water to the C-shaped water spraying pipe through a water tank and a water pump.
Further, in the sixth step, the primary isolation water curtain comprises a first atomization spray pipe and a second atomization spray pipe, the first atomization spray pipe is fixedly mounted at the tunnel top 1m away from the tunnel portal inside the tunnel, the second atomization spray pipe is fixedly mounted at the tunnel top 3m away from the tunnel portal inside the tunnel, the first atomization spray pipe and the second atomization spray pipe are communicated downwards through a communicating pipe, and a water storage tank and a water pump are adopted to spray water on the first atomization spray pipe and the second atomization spray pipe.
And further, in the seventh step, a milling and excavating machine is adopted to trim the cut section, and a transport vehicle is adopted to transport the trimmed rock slag out of the hole.
And further, in the sixth step, when large hard rocks are encountered in the construction process, the large hard rocks are destroyed by the breaking hammer, and then construction is carried out by the cantilever type tunneling machine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cantilever type heading machine is adopted for tunnel excavation construction, disturbance to surrounding rocks is effectively reduced, damage to the surrounding rocks is avoided, and safety and quality are guaranteed.
2. The laser director is adopted to control the excavation design line, so that the whole-process monitoring in the excavation process is realized, the over-excavation is effectively reduced, and the under-excavation is avoided.
3. The construction period is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, the personnel investment is reduced, and the investment cost is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing an installation position of the laser pointer in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it being understood that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
Examples
An excavation construction method of a soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the cantilever type tunneling machine, the second conveyor, the laser direction indicator and the ventilator equipment enter the field to clean the surface of the field, and the laser direction indicator is preliminarily positioned;
step two: calculating the position of a laser central line according to a tunnel excavation design line, and installing a laser direction indicator according to the position of the laser central line;
step three: laser pointing measurement positioning: after the laser direction indicator is firmly installed and fixed, measuring the position and the direction of a laser central line of the laser direction indicator by using a measuring instrument;
step four: positioning and debugging the cantilever type tunneling machine and the second conveyor;
step five: tunneling and excavating for the first time: cutting a probe hole forwards by using a cutting head of the cantilever type tunneling machine to serve as a free surface expanded to a designed line, and pressing a shovel tip and a bottom plate to prevent the vibration of a machine body when cutting;
step six: subsequent tunneling, cutting to the position of an excavation design line, cutting rocks from bottom to top and from left to right by using a cutting head of the boom-type tunneling machine in the subsequent tunneling process, conveying the cut rocks to a first conveyor by using a star-shaped shovel plate of the boom-type tunneling machine, conveying the cut rocks to the tail part of the boom-type tunneling machine by using the first conveyor, enabling the cut rocks to enter a second conveyor, placing the rocks into a transport vehicle by using the second conveyor, and then conveying the rocks out of a tunnel by using the transport vehicle;
step seven: measuring a steel ruler and trimming an excavation surface: and measuring the distance between the center line of the laser direction indicator and the excavation design line by using a steel ruler as a comparison standard, and if the cutting section is different from the excavation design line in shape and size, finishing to meet the requirement of the cutting section size.
In the fifth step of this embodiment, in the actual construction process, the cutting head is used to cut the workpiece up and down, left and right, so that the initial cross-sectional shape can be cut, and thus the cut cross-section has a certain difference from the shape and size actually required, and the secondary trimming can be performed to meet the requirements of the cross-sectional size.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, during the construction, when cutting softer rock, a left-right circular upward cutting method is adopted, when cutting slightly hard rock, a bottom-up left-right cutting method is adopted, when hard rock is encountered, cutting should not be conducted reluctantly, and when part of exposed hard rock, the surrounding part is cut first, so that it falls; in the subsequent tunneling process, the cutting head of the boom-type tunneling machine is used for cutting the rocks from bottom to top and from left to right, the cut rocks are conveyed to the first conveyor by using the star-shaped shovel plate of the boom-type tunneling machine, the cut rocks are conveyed to the tail part of the boom-type tunneling machine by the first conveyor, the cut rocks enter the second conveyor, the rocks are placed in the transport vehicle by the second conveyor, and then the rocks are conveyed out of the tunnel by the transport vehicle.
In the third step of this embodiment, the measuring instrument is a leica TS061335701 total station.
In the present embodiment, 3 laser pointers are used, 2 of which are installed at the arching position of the side wall on two sides, and 1 is installed at the vault position.
In the embodiment, the distance between the center of the laser beam of the laser direction indicator and the excavation design line is 25 cm.
In the fourth step of this embodiment, the method further includes a step of installing a water spraying device for tunneling on the boom-type excavator, where the water spraying device has at least 2 water spraying nozzles, one of the water spraying nozzles faces the tunneling drill bit of the boom-type excavator, and the other water spraying nozzle faces the excavation working face.
In the fifth step of this embodiment, as the excavation proceeds, a dust exhaust fan is disposed near the tunnel entrance.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, as the excavation proceeds, a press-in type ventilation fan is disposed at a position 10m away from the tunnel working face, and a secondary isolation water curtain is disposed at the front end of the press-in type ventilation fan.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, a primary isolation water curtain is provided at the tunnel entrance.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, the second grade is kept apart the water curtain and is C font spray pipe, and C font spray pipe fixed mounting is on tunnel roof and both sides wall, and the water jet of C font spray pipe supplies water to C font spray pipe through water tank and water pump towards the bottom surface of tunnel.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, the one-level separation water curtain includes first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube, at the inside first atomizing spray tube of tunnel top fixed mounting apart from tunnel entrance to a cave 1m of tunnel, at the inside tunnel top fixed mounting second atomizing spray tube apart from tunnel entrance to a cave 3m of tunnel, wherein, the nozzle of first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube is down, through communicating pipe with first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube intercommunication, adopts storage water tank and water pump to spray water first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube.
In the seventh step of the embodiment, a milling and excavating machine is used for trimming the cut section, and the trimmed rock slag is conveyed out of the hole by using an agricultural vehicle.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, when large hard rocks are encountered during the construction process, the large hard rocks are destroyed by the breaking hammer, and then the construction is performed by the boom-type excavator.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, when the tunnel is excavated to 3-3.5m, a gate-shaped steel frame is erected at the tunnel entrance, five subsidiary tunnel grid steel frames are erected under the protection of the gate-shaped steel frame, and a foot-locking anchor rod is drilled.
In the sixth step of this embodiment, as the excavation proceeds, a new steel support is set every 2-3m along the excavation direction to support the wall of the hole, and the steel support distance is determined according to the stability of the surrounding rock.
In the fifth step of this embodiment, the boom excavator is provided with a drainage device, and water gushing during excavation is discharged to the outside of the tunnel through the drainage device.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for illustrating the principle of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention as claimed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The excavation construction method of the soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: a cantilever type tunneling machine, a second conveyor, a laser direction indicator and a ventilator are arranged on a construction site, the surface of the site is cleaned, and the laser direction indicator is initially positioned;
step two: calculating the position of a laser central line according to a tunnel excavation design line, and installing a laser direction indicator according to the position of the laser central line;
step three: measuring and positioning the laser direction, and measuring the position and the direction of a laser central line of the laser direction instrument by using a measuring instrument after the laser direction instrument is firmly installed and fixed;
step four: positioning and debugging the cantilever type tunneling machine and the second conveyor;
step five: firstly, tunneling and excavating, namely cutting a probe hole forwards by using a cutting head of a cantilever type tunneling machine to serve as a free surface extending to a design line, and performing cutting construction by pressing a shovel tip of the tunneling machine and a bottom plate;
step six: subsequent tunneling, cutting to the position of an excavation design line, cutting rocks from bottom to top and from left to right by using a cutting head of the boom-type tunneling machine in the subsequent tunneling process, conveying the cut rocks to a first conveyor by using a star-shaped shovel plate of the boom-type tunneling machine, conveying the cut rocks to the tail part of the boom-type tunneling machine by using the first conveyor, enabling the cut rocks to enter a second conveyor, placing the rocks into a transport vehicle by using the second conveyor, and then conveying the rocks out of a tunnel by using the transport vehicle;
step seven: and measuring a steel ruler and trimming an excavation face, and using the distance between the central line of the laser direction indicator measured by the steel ruler and the excavation design line as a comparison standard to trim the excavation face so that the cutting section is matched with the shape of the excavation design line.
2. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the measuring instrument is a leica TS061335701 total station.
3. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 2, characterized in that: 3 laser direction instruments are used in total, 2 of the laser direction instruments are arranged at the arching positions of the side walls on two sides, and 1 of the laser direction instruments is arranged at the position of the arch top.
4. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the center of the laser beam of the laser direction indicator and the excavation design line is 25 cm.
5. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: and step five, along with the excavation, arranging a dust exhaust fan near the tunnel portal.
6. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: and step six, along with the excavation, a press-in type ventilation fan is arranged at a position 10m away from the working face of the tunnel, a secondary isolation water curtain is arranged at the front end of the press-in type ventilation fan and is a C-shaped water spray pipe, the C-shaped water spray pipe is fixedly arranged on the top wall and the two side walls of the tunnel, a water spray opening of the C-shaped water spray pipe faces the bottom surface of the tunnel, and water is supplied to the C-shaped water spray pipe through a water tank and a water pump.
7. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, set up one-level isolation water curtain at the tunnel entrance to a cave, one-level isolation water curtain includes first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube, at the inside first atomizing spray tube of tunnel top fixed mounting of 1m apart from the tunnel entrance to a cave of tunnel, at the inside tunnel top fixed mounting second atomizing spray tube of 3m apart from the tunnel entrance to a cave of tunnel, wherein, the nozzle of first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube is down, through communicating pipe with first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube intercommunication, adopt storage water tank and water pump to spray water first atomizing spray tube and second atomizing spray tube.
8. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: and seventhly, trimming the cut section by using a milling and excavating machine, and conveying the trimmed rock slag out of the tunnel by using an agricultural vehicle.
9. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: and step six, when large hard rocks occur in the construction process, the large hard rocks are destroyed by a breaking hammer, and then construction is carried out by a cantilever type tunneling machine.
10. The soft rock tunnel cantilever type heading machine excavation construction method of claim 1, characterized in that: step six, when the tunnel is excavated to 3-3.5m, erecting a door-shaped steel frame at the tunnel opening, connecting five auxiliary tunnel grid steel frames under the protection of the door-shaped steel frame, and drilling a foot-locking anchor rod;
and step six, along with the excavation, arranging a new steel support every 2-3m along the excavation direction to support the hole wall.
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Cited By (1)
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