CN113513312B - Sand control simulation experiment device for exploitation of natural gas hydrate - Google Patents
Sand control simulation experiment device for exploitation of natural gas hydrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113513312B CN113513312B CN202110417772.5A CN202110417772A CN113513312B CN 113513312 B CN113513312 B CN 113513312B CN 202110417772 A CN202110417772 A CN 202110417772A CN 113513312 B CN113513312 B CN 113513312B
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1CCOC1 BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 49
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/001—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells specially adapted for underwater installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sand prevention simulation experiment device for exploiting natural gas hydrate, which comprises a sleeve, a sleeve cover with a water inlet and a water outlet, and is characterized in that a cavity in the sleeve is provided with a hydrate reservoir, a gravel filling layer and a flocculant layer from the sleeve cover in sequence, filter screens are arranged between the gravel filling layer and the hydrate reservoir and between the gravel filling layer and the flocculant layer, and the thickness of each layer is changed by adjusting the positions of the two filter screens; the wall and the bottom of the flocculating agent layer cylinder of the sleeve are respectively provided with a water outlet; the flocculant layer is of a pre-filling structure and is used for settling sticky particles or colloidal particles with the particle size of less than 5 mu m entering the sleeve. The invention also provides a simulation experiment method for sand prevention in exploitation of natural gas hydrate, which is realized by utilizing the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sand production and prevention simulation experiment device for exploitation of natural gas hydrate.
Background
The natural gas hydrate is praised as potential high-efficiency clean energy, has the characteristics of wide distribution, large resource amount, high energy density and no pollution, and is recognized as important subsequent clean energy with good prospect. Areas where short-term pilot work has been currently underway include the Canada McKeqi, the North slope of Alaska, the Japanese love sea and south sea sumps, and the south China sea Hover's territory. The pilot production projects adopt a depressurization method for mining, and the pilot production of the Japanese hydrate is forced to be stopped due to sand production, so that the sand production phenomenon of different degrees appears in the mining process of most other areas. Therefore, the problem of sand production by a depressurization method is a key obstacle restricting commercial production of the hydrate at present, and the sand production problem in the production process needs to be solved urgently. Because the research on site is difficult and the cost is high, the method is an effective method for providing the optimal sand control scheme suitable for different reservoirs through the research of indoor model tests.
The marine hydrate layer is typically present in sediments that are not consolidated into rock. The sediments of a small amount of reservoirs are sandy, such as the south sea sumps of Japan pilot mining; and the sediments in most reservoirs are muddy silt, such as south China sea God fox sea area. The reservoirs can be divided into I type, II type and III type according to the nature and granularity of the reservoirs and the occurrence state of hydrates. The clay mineral content of the I-type and II-type reservoir layers is low, and the sediments are mainly composed of coarse particles; the III-type reservoir has high clay mineral content, and sediments are mainly composed of fine particles. Different reservoir properties are different, and a universal sand control scheme does not exist, so that different reservoir layers need to adopt different sand control schemes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an indoor simulation experiment device for sand control in natural gas hydrate exploitation and sand production in order to obtain optimal sand control schemes of different reservoirs. The technical scheme is as follows:
a sand prevention simulation experiment device for exploiting natural gas hydrate and producing sand comprises a sleeve, a sleeve cover with a water inlet and a water outlet, and is characterized in that a cavity in the sleeve is provided with a hydrate reservoir, a gravel filling layer and a flocculant layer in sequence from the sleeve cover, filter screens are arranged between the gravel filling layer and the hydrate reservoir and between the gravel filling layer and the flocculant layer, and the thickness of each layer is changed by adjusting the positions of the two filter screens; the wall and the bottom of the flocculating agent layer cylinder of the sleeve are respectively provided with a water outlet; the flocculant layer is of a pre-filling structure and is used for settling sticky particles or colloidal particles with the particle size of less than 5 mu m entering the sleeve; the sand blocking precision of the filter screen close to the flocculant layer is 5 mu m.
Preferably, the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a plurality of groups of hooks along different circular cross sections, the number of the hooks on each circular cross section is at least 3, the positions on the filter screen are provided with at least 3 clamping grooves, and the positions of the filter screen are adjusted by fixing the clamping grooves of the filter screen on the hooks on different circular cross sections.
The invention also provides an experimental method realized by the device, which comprises the following steps: ,
a) Preparing reservoir samples in different compact states by using tetrahydrofuran hydrate;
b) In the process of vertical well mining simulation, a water outlet on the wall of the flocculant layer cylinder is closed, a water inlet and another water outlet are opened, and a sleeve is vertically placed; during horizontal well mining simulation, closing a water outlet on the bottom of the sleeve, opening a water inlet and the other water outlet, and transversely placing the sleeve;
c) Putting the flocculating agent, the filter screen and the gravel filling layer into an experimental device in sequence, and covering a sleeve cover;
d) Adding water into the device through the water inlet, performing air tightness detection, and ensuring that gravel in the gravel filling layer cannot run off;
e) Opening the sleeve cover, and putting the reservoir sample into the hydrate reservoir; covering a sleeve cover, decomposing the tetrahydrofuran hydrate in an environment of more than 4.4 degrees, applying a certain pressure water head at one end of a hydrate reservoir through a pressurizing device, and observing the sand production of the reservoir and the sand prevention effect of each gravel layer and a filter screen;
f) If the gravel filling layer is blocked and the water outlet is not smooth, the test is immediately finished; if no blockage occurs, the test is finished after the hydrate is completely decomposed;
g) Obtaining soil particles in the sediment and collection device in the flocculant layer, and measuring a particle size grading curve of the soil particles by adopting a screening method and a densimeter method;
h) The number and the position of the filter screens are adjusted to change the number and the thickness of the gravel packing layers; and changing the size of the filter screen, the particle size of the packed gravel or the type of the flocculating agent;
i) And repeating the step c-h, and evaluating the sand control effect according to the sand output each time to obtain an optimal sand control scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can simulate the natural gas hydrate and the reservoir state thereof, and can simulate the reservoir sand production process and the sand control effect. The method is characterized in that the natural gas hydrate is simulated by adopting the tetrahydrofuran hydrate, after the tetrahydrofuran hydrate in a reservoir is decomposed, under the action of a pressure water head, the sand-containing fluid enters a gravel filling layer and a flocculating agent layer, and the sand output is measured at a water outlet. The device can change the number of gravel packing layers, replace gravels with different filter screens and different particle sizes, use different flocculating agents, achieve the purpose of optimizing the aperture of the filter screens and the particle sizes of the gravels, and determine the most suitable sand control scheme under different reservoir conditions. The method can be used for obtaining the combined sand blocking effect and precision of the gravels with different particle sizes and thicknesses and the filter screen pipe, and researching the optimal sand prevention scheme of reservoirs with different properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus horizontally positioned for a vertical well production simulation illustrating a gravel pack being double-packed.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus vertically positioned for horizontal well production simulation illustrating the gravel pack being double-layered packed.
Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the filter screen and the clamping groove.
In the drawings, the reference numbers: the device comprises an organic glass sleeve 1, an organic glass sleeve cover 2, a water inlet 3 on the sleeve cover, a water outlet 4 on the wall of a flocculating agent layer, a water outlet 5 at the bottom of the sleeve, a hydrate reservoir 6, a reservoir sample 7, a gravel filling layer 8, a coarse gravel layer 9, a fine gravel layer 10, a flocculating agent layer 11, a flocculating agent 12, filter screens 13 and 14, a clamping hook 15, a clamping groove 16, a collecting device 17 and a pressurizing device 18.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a sand prevention simulation experiment device for exploiting natural gas hydrate, which is of a covered cylinder structure and is divided into three layers including a hydrate reservoir 6, a gravel filling layer 8 and a flocculant layer 11. Vertical well simulations were performed when the apparatus was placed horizontally as in fig. 1, and horizontal well simulations were performed when the apparatus was placed vertically as in fig. 2. A water inlet 3 is connected with a pressurizing device 18 and can apply certain water head pressure to a reservoir, and two water outlets 4 and 5 are connected with a collecting device 17 and can collect the filtered sand grains. Hydrate reservoir 6 is placed with reservoir sample 7. The gravel pack 8 may be single-or multi-packed, as shown by a double-pack, with a coarse gravel pack 9 and a fine gravel pack 10, each of which may be packed with gravel of different particle sizes. Flocculant layer 11 flocculant 12 is placed so that particles with a size of less than 5 μm settle at the bottom of the layer. Screens 14 and 13 are provided between the gravel pack and the hydrate reservoir and flocculant layers, respectively, to filter and prevent collapse of the gravel pack. The inner wall of the device is provided with a clamping hook 15, and the filter screen is provided with a clamping groove 16 for fixing the position of the filter screen.
Taking the muddy silt hydrate reservoir in the sea area of south China Haishuhu as an example, the sample is prepared by mixing tetrahydrofuran and muddy silt. Tetrahydrofuran can form hydrates at normal pressures and below 4.4 degrees. The selected sample preparation scheme is as follows: mixing bentonite and simulated sand according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, adding tetrahydrofuran hydrate, putting the mixture into a sample preparation device at the temperature of below 4.4 ℃, and applying certain consolidation pressure to prepare a hydrate reservoir stratum.
The argillaceous silty sand is mixed and replaced by quartz sand and illite, and particles which are basically consistent with the particle size distribution of the actual stratum of the Shenhu sea area and the mineral composition are adopted for the actual simulation of the sand production rule of the argillaceous fine silty sand hydrate reservoir.
In the device, 4 cylinder wall clamping hooks 15 are arranged in a circle, are transversely arranged at intervals of 90 degrees, and are longitudinally arranged at intervals of 20mm in a group for changing the thickness of each layer.
The filter screens 13 and 14 can be replaced, a proper filter screen size is selected through a controlled variable experiment method, and the sand blocking precision of the filter screen 14 is controlled to be 5 micrometers in an experiment with a flocculating agent.
The gravel packing layer 8 is pre-packed, and can be single-layer packed or multi-layer packed, and the multi-layer packed can be filter packed or reverse filter packed. The number of layers of gravel packs and the positions of the coarse gravel packs and the fine gravel packs can be determined according to the properties of the reservoir during multilayer filling. In the experiment, the thickness of the gravel packing layer and the particle size of the packed gravel can be changed by adjusting the position of the filter screen, and the appropriate layer number, particle size and thickness of the packed gravel are selected by a control variable experiment method. The particle size of the fine gravel is not less than the sand blocking precision of the coarse gravel layer, so that the fine gravel is prevented from entering the coarse gravel layer to cause self blockage.
The flocculant layer 11 is of a pre-filling structure, the flocculant 12 is neutralized with charged sticky particles with the particle size of less than 5 microns, and the charged sticky particles are electrostatically adsorbed to form floccules for settlement, so that particles with smaller particle sizes can be prevented from entering hydrate mining equipment to cause blockage in actual engineering. The flocculating agents such as PAFC, PAM, PAC and the like can be replaced for testing, and one flocculating agent with the optimal effect is selected.
A natural gas hydrate exploitation sand production sand prevention indoor model test method comprises the following steps (taking vertical well depressurization exploitation of a argillaceous silt hydrate reservoir in the sea area of south China sea God fox as an example):
(a) Before testing, the testing device is cleaned systematically, including the inner wall of the cylinder, the water inlet and the water outlet, and then is put into a drying box for drying;
(b) Preparing a tetrahydrofuran solution with mass fraction of 19% according to the hydrate saturation required by the test, so that the tetrahydrofuran solution generates tetrahydrofuran hydrate between 0 and 4.4 ℃, and controlling the temperature to be more than 0 ℃ to prevent the generation of ice crystals;
(c) Firstly, mixing colored commercial quartz sand and illite into muddy silt, mixing the muddy silt with bentonite according to the mass ratio of 3: 1, adding tetrahydrofuran hydrate, putting the mixture into a sample preparation device at the ambient temperature of 0-4.4 ℃, and applying different consolidation pressures to prepare reservoir samples in different compact states;
(d) When the device is horizontally placed as shown in figure 1, the vertical well mining simulation is carried out, the water inlet 3 and the water outlet 5 are opened, and the water outlet 4 is closed; horizontal well mining simulation is performed as shown in fig. 2 when the water inlet 3 and the water outlet 4 are vertically placed, and the water outlet 5 is closed. The following steps are taken as an example of vertical well production:
(e) Placing a flocculating agent 12, a filter screen 13, a gravel packing layer 8 and a filter screen 14 into an experimental device in sequence, and screwing a cover;
(f) Water is added into the device through the water inlet 3, the air tightness of the whole simulation device, the water inflow and outflow pipelines and all joints is detected at normal temperature, and gravel in the gravel packing layer is ensured not to be lost along with water;
(g) Opening the cover and placing reservoir sample 7 into hydrate reservoir 6; screwing the cover, decomposing the tetrahydrofuran hydrate in an environment of more than 4.4 degrees, applying a certain pressure water head at one end of a hydrate reservoir through a pressurizing device, and observing the sand production of the reservoir and the sand prevention effect of each gravel layer and a filter screen;
(h) If the gravel packing layer 8 is blocked and the water outlet 5 is not smooth, the test is immediately finished; if no blockage occurs, the test is finished after the hydrate is completely decomposed;
(i) Obtaining soil particles in the sediment and collection device in the flocculant layer 11, and measuring a grain size grading curve by adopting a screening method and a densitometer method;
(j) The number and the position of the filter screens are adjusted to change the number and the thickness of the gravel packing layers; the size of the filter screen, the particle size of the packed gravel, the type of the flocculating agent and the like can be changed;
(k) And e to j are repeated, and the sand control effect is evaluated according to the sand production amount each time, so that an optimal sand control scheme is obtained. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the workers can make various modifications and changes without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention, such as changing the material and size of the device, changing the hook type, shape, number and position, and changing the flocculant type. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A sand prevention simulation experiment method for exploiting natural gas hydrate and producing sand comprises a sleeve, a sleeve cover with a water inlet and a water outlet, and is characterized in that a cavity in the sleeve is provided with a hydrate reservoir, a gravel filling layer and a flocculant layer in sequence from the sleeve cover, filter screens are arranged between the gravel filling layer and the hydrate reservoir and between the gravel filling layer and the flocculant layer, and the thickness of each layer is changed by adjusting the positions of the two filter screens; the wall and the bottom of the flocculating agent layer cylinder of the sleeve are respectively provided with a water outlet; the flocculant layer is of a pre-filling structure and is used for settling sticky particles or colloidal particles with the particle size of less than 5 mu m entering the sleeve; the sand blocking precision of the filter screen close to the flocculating agent layer is 5 mu m; the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a plurality of groups of hooks along different circular cross sections, the number of the hooks on each circular cross section is at least 3, the positions on the filter screen are provided with at least 3 clamping grooves, and the positions of the filter screen are adjusted by fixing the clamping grooves of the filter screen on the hooks of different circular cross sections;
the experimental method comprises the following steps:
a) Preparing reservoir samples in different compact states by using tetrahydrofuran hydrate;
b) Carrying out vertical well mining simulation, closing a water outlet on the wall of the flocculant layer cylinder, opening a water inlet and the other water outlet, and vertically placing the sleeve; during horizontal well mining simulation, closing a water outlet on the bottom of the sleeve, opening a water inlet and the other water outlet, and transversely placing the sleeve;
c) Putting the flocculating agent, the filter screen and the gravel filling layer into an experimental device in sequence, and covering a sleeve cover;
d) Adding water into the device through the water inlet, performing air tightness detection, and ensuring that gravel in the gravel filling layer cannot run off;
e) Opening the sleeve cover, and putting the reservoir sample into the hydrate reservoir; covering a sleeve cover, decomposing the tetrahydrofuran hydrate in an environment with the temperature of more than 4.4 ℃, applying a certain pressure water head at one end of a hydrate reservoir through a pressurizing device, and observing the sand production of the reservoir and the sand prevention effect of each gravel layer and a filter screen;
f) If the gravel filling layer is blocked and the water outlet is not smooth, the test is immediately finished; if no blockage occurs, the test is finished after the hydrate is completely decomposed;
g) Obtaining soil particles in the sediment and collection device in the flocculant layer, and measuring a particle size grading curve of the soil particles by adopting a screening method and a densimeter method;
h) The number and the position of the filter screens are adjusted to change the number and the thickness of the gravel packing layers; and changing the size of the filter screen, the particle size of the packed gravel or the type of the flocculant;
i) And repeating the step c-h, and evaluating the sand control effect according to the sand output each time to obtain an optimal sand control scheme.
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| CN114961665A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Hydrate reservoir visual gravel packing simulation experiment system and method |
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| CN212376640U (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-01-19 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Natural gas hydrate reservoir horizontal well exploitation sand production simulation experiment device |
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