CN113512407A - Fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003537 Ficus benghalensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910013555 LiNO3—KNO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000248021 Vitex negundo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010363 Vitex negundo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009462 micro packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013354 porous framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUKHSQBUKZIMLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium;sodium;dichloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+] BUKHSQBUKZIMLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of composite phase-change heat storage materials and solid wastes, and particularly relates to a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the fly ash and the molten salt to obtain composite material mixed powder; (2) pressing and molding the composite material mixed powder to obtain a composite material blank; (3) and sintering the composite material blank to obtain the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material. According to the invention, bulk industrial solid waste fly ash is used as a matrix of the fused salt composite material, modification treatment on the fly ash is not needed, the fly ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase change heat storage material is prepared by a mixing-pressing-sintering process, the phase change temperature is 200-500 ℃, the fly ash is used as the matrix, the production cost of the heat storage material can be reduced, the resource utilization rate can be improved, and the method is particularly suitable for the medium-high temperature application fields of solar energy, industrial waste heat recovery and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of resource utilization of composite phase-change heat storage materials and solid wastes, in particular to a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The energy storage technology is a key common technology for new energy consumption and industrial waste heat recovery. The energy storage technology can powerfully promote the development of clean energy industry and improve the utilization rate of industrial waste heat, and contributes to the power for realizing the aim of carbon neutralization. The phase-change energy storage technology uses a phase-change heat storage material as a medium, realizes the storage and release of heat, and can effectively relieve the problems of energy supply and demand mismatch, industrial waste heat reutilization and the like. The temperature range of solar photo-thermal and industrial waste heat utilization belongs to the field of medium and high temperature. The phase-change material of molten salt, especially nitrate, has the phase-change temperature mostly in the range of 200-500 ℃, and has higher heat storage density, so the material is a heat storage material with more applications of solar energy and industrial waste heat.
However, the problem of leakage after melting of the solid-liquid phase change material is a great challenge in the application process. The method is an effective way for reducing leakage by micro-packaging the phase-change material by a base material to prepare the shaped composite phase-change heat storage material. For example, Leng Guanghui and the like synthesize the high-temperature composite heat storage material by using NaCl-KCl eutectic salt as a phase change material and diatomite as a packaging material. In this composite, the binary eutectic salt was successfully encapsulated in diatomaceous earth with a significant reduction in molten salt leakage (see "Micro encapsulated)&form-stable phase change materials for high temperature thermal Energy storage ", Leng Guanghui et al, Applied Energy, 2018, 217: :22-280). The plum-shaped tablet or the like uses expanded graphite as a carrier, and LiNO3-KNO3The result of the composite heat storage material prepared by mixing the binary nitrates shows that the mixed molten salt can better permeate into the porous framework structure of the expanded graphite and is uniformly dispersed integrally (see the thermal property of the nitrate/expanded graphite composite phase-change material, Li)The hydrochloride, etc., the silicate bulletin, in 2018, 46(5): 625-632). However, the diatomite, the expanded graphite, the magnesium oxide, and the like are used as the matrix materials, which greatly increases the preparation cost, and in order to apply the phase-change material in a large scale, the cost of the composite material needs to be reduced, so the development of the matrix material with low cost is needed.
The fly ash is the main solid waste discharged by coal-fired power plants and is one of the industrial waste residues with larger discharge capacity at present. The fly ash particles are in a porous honeycomb structure, have large specific surface area and high adsorption activity, and the main component of the fly ash particles is SiO2，Al2O3，Fe2O3，CaO，MgO，K2O and Na2And O also has the advantages of high melting point, no toxicity, no odor, low price and the like, and is an ideal packaging material of the phase change energy storage material. In addition, the fly ash is used as the heat storage material matrix, so that a new way for recycling solid waste is provided, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced. For example, the myristic acid/modified fly ash composite phase-change heat storage material is prepared by taking myristic acid as a phase-change material and modified fly ash as a composite substrate and adopting a melting and mixing method. The result shows that myristic acid can be uniformly embedded into the porous structure of the modified fly ash, the phase change temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the myristic acid are not changed greatly after 400 times of heat storage/release cycles, and the myristic acid shows good heat storage stability (see preparation and performance research of myristic acid/modified fly ash composite phase change energy storage materials, Huangping et al, materials report, 2016 (S1):214-216+ 219).
Mixing Myristic Acid (MA), Palmitic Acid (PA) and Stearic Acid (SA) to form a phase-change material, and preparing the MA-PA-SA/modified fly ash composite phase-change energy storage material from industrial solid waste fly ash by a melting and mixing method. The result shows that the MA-PA-SA eutectic and the modified fly ash are physically doped, the phase change temperature of the composite phase change energy storage material is 45.8 ℃, the phase change enthalpy is 93.58J/g, after 800 times of storage/heat release cycles, the loss rate of the phase change enthalpy is 12.9%, the heat storage performance of the material is stable, and the material has a long service life (refer to the preparation and performance of the MA-PA-SA/modified fly ash composite phase change energy storage material, Ficus benghalensis and the like, material guidance, 2019, 33(S1): 219-222).
The Zhao Liang and the like use paraffin as a phase-change material, modified fly ash as a carrier and absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent to prepare the paraffin/modified fly ash phase-change energy storage material by adopting a solution intercalation method. Through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and infrared (FT-IR) determination, the appropriate content of paraffin in the phase change energy storage material is 60%, the phase change temperature is 60.4 ℃, the phase change latent heat value is 51.7kJ/kg, and after 1000 continuous endothermic-exothermic tests, liquid leakage and obvious attenuation of heat storage performance are not found, which indicates that the heat storage material has good thermal stability and compatibility (see 'preparation and performance research of paraffin/modified fly ash energy storage material', Zhao Liang, etc., collection of the sixteenth national catalytic academic conference, 2012, 1-2).
In addition, CN110643329A discloses a fatty acid/modified fly ash composite phase change energy storage material and a preparation method thereof, which uses fly ash with different particle sizes as a phase change material carrier, and prepares the fatty acid/modified fly ash composite phase change energy storage material by a melt mixing method, thereby improving the problem that the liquid of the fatty acid-based phase change material is easy to leak. CN107502301A discloses a fly ash-based composite phase change heat storage material and a preparation method thereof, wherein myristic acid, stearic acid and polyethylene glycol are used as ternary phase change materials, expanded graphite flakes and modified fly ash are used as supporting materials, and an ultrasonic adsorption method is adopted to prepare the fly ash-based composite phase change heat storage material.
However, although the above researches have been conducted by taking fly ash as a heat storage material substrate, and all the cases have obtained good heat storage performance, the heat storage material is mainly organic matters such as paraffin and fatty acid, and the like, and the working temperature and the heat storage density are low, so that the heat storage material is only suitable for low-temperature occasions and is not suitable for medium-high temperature application fields such as solar energy and industrial waste heat recovery, and the above researches pretreat fly ash, that is, the fly ash is modified by using reagents such as weak acid and the like, so that the adsorbability of the fly ash in the process of preparing a composite material by a melt impregnation method is enhanced. The modified process increases the process and the use of reagents, inevitably increases the cost and also leads to the complicated process.
Therefore, the development of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material, the preparation method and the application thereof do not need to modify and pretreat the fly ash, so that the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material is applied to large-scale medium-high temperature occasions and has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fly ash-based sizing fused salt composite phase-change heat storage material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method takes bulk industrial solid waste fly ash as a matrix of the fused salt composite material, modification treatment on the fly ash is not needed, the fly ash-based sizing fused salt composite phase-change heat storage material is prepared by a mixing-pressing-sintering process, the phase-change temperature is 200-500 ℃, and the solid waste fly ash as the matrix material can not only reduce the production cost of the heat storage material, but also improve the resource utilization rate, and is particularly suitable for the medium-high temperature application fields of solar energy, industrial waste heat recovery and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the fly ash and the molten salt to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) pressing and molding the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) to obtain a composite material blank;
(3) and (3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) to obtain the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material.
The preparation method of the invention takes the fused salt as the phase-change material and the fly ash as the base material, and does not need to modify the fly ash, the fly ash not only has a porous structure and can provide structural support for the fused salt as the phase-change material, but also has good chemical compatibility with the fused salt, can obtain the inorganic-inorganic composite phase-change heat storage material, and has the advantages of high melting point, low cost and stable physical properties; the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material is prepared by a mixing-pressing-sintering process, the phase change temperature is 200-500 ℃, the production cost of the heat storage material can be reduced, the resource utilization rate can be improved, and the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material is particularly suitable for the medium-high temperature application fields of solar energy, industrial waste heat recovery and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the fly ash and the molten salt in step (1) is 1 (0.5-2), for example, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 or 1:2, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The mass ratio of the fly ash to the molten salt is 1 (0.5-2), so that the ratio of the phase-change material can be increased, the prepared composite phase-change heat storage material is ensured to have sufficient heat storage density, the problem that the phase-change material is not tightly combined with the base material due to excessive phase-change material can be prevented, the problem that the phase-change material is easy to leak after being melted is avoided, the preparation cost of the heat storage material is greatly reduced, and the industrial application is facilitated.
Preferably, the mixing of step (1) is carried out in a ball mill.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 200-500r/min, such as 200r/min, 250r/min, 300r/min, 350r/min, 400r/min, 450r/min or 500r/min, etc., but not limited to the enumerated values, and other unrecited values within the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the mixing time in step (1) is 10-30min, such as 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min or 30min, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are equally applicable.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fly ash in the step (1) has a particle size of 10 to 100. mu.m, for example, 10 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm or 100 μm, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable, preferably 40 to 70 μm.
It is worth noting that the control of the particle size range according to the present invention is achieved by sieving.
Preferably, the fly ash is subjected to a drying treatment prior to said mixing in step (1).
Preferably, the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-130 ℃, such as 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃ or 130 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable, preferably 120 ℃.
Preferably, the drying time is 2 to 8 hours, such as 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, or 8 hours, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable, preferably 4 to 6 hours.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molten salt in step (1) includes any one of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate or lithium nitrate or a combination of at least two of them, and typical but non-limiting examples of the combination include: a combination of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, a combination of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, or the like, and a combination of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate is preferable.
Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium nitrate to potassium nitrate in the molten salt is 3 (1-4), for example 3:1, 3:1.5, 3:2, 3:2.5, 3:3 (i.e. 1:1), 3:3.5 or 3:4, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within this range of values are equally applicable, preferably 3:2.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, before the mixing in the step (1), the molten salt is subjected to ball milling treatment and drying treatment in sequence.
Preferably, the ball milling is carried out in a ball mill.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 300-600r/min, such as 300r/min, 350r/min, 400r/min, 450r/min, 500r/min, 550r/min or 600r/min, etc., but not limited to the enumerated values, and other unrecited values within the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the ball milling time is 20-60min, such as 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the particle size of the molten salt in step (1) is 1 to 40 μm, such as 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm or 40 μm, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within this range are equally applicable, preferably 5 to 25 μm.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-130 ℃, such as 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃ or 130 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable, preferably 120 ℃.
Preferably, the drying time is 2 to 8 hours, such as 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, or 8 hours, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable, preferably 4 to 6 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure for the press molding in step (2) is 10 to 60MPa, for example, 10MPa, 20MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa, 50MPa or 60MPa, but the pressure is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the pressing time in step (2) is 2-10min, such as 2min, 3min, 5min, 6min, 8min or 10min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
It should be noted that, in the process of press forming according to the present invention, if the pressure of press forming is high, the composite material may be crushed, and if the pressure of press forming is low, the composite material is not tight enough, and those skilled in the art can reasonably select the corresponding press pressure and press time according to the process requirement, so that the press effect is good.
Preferably, the compression molding in the step (2) is to compress the composite mixed powder into a cylindrical composite blank.
Preferably, the cylindrical composite body has a diameter of 8 to 30mm, such as 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 17mm, 20mm or 30mm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within this range of values are equally applicable, preferably 10 to 20 mm.
Preferably, the cylindrical composite body has a thickness of 1 to 5mm, such as 1mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm or 4mm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed within this range of values are equally applicable, preferably 2 to 4 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sintering temperature in the step (3) is 10 to 80 ℃ higher than the phase transition temperature of the molten salt, for example, 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃ or 80 ℃, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The inventor finds out through a plurality of experimental researches that the sintering temperature is determined according to the phase transition temperature of the fused salt, and the sintering temperature is 10-80 ℃ higher than the temperature of the fused salt, on one hand, the fused salt can be melted into a liquid state, the liquid fused salt can be combined with the fly ash serving as a base material more uniformly and tightly under the influence of flowing, capillary action and the like, the liquid fused salt can fill gaps or pores between particles of fly ash solid powder, so that the two materials are combined more firmly, on the other hand, the fused salt can be prevented from reaching the boiling point or the decomposition temperature, and the performance attenuation of the composite phase transition heat storage material caused by volatilization or decomposition of the fused salt is avoided. In addition, the inventor summarizes experience from failure for one time after a plurality of times of experiments, continuously improves preparation procedures and parameters, and sets different pressing pressures and constant pressure time to obtain good shaping.
Preferably, the sintering time in step (3) is 60-180min, such as 60min, 70min, 90min, 95min, 100min, 105min, 110min, 115min, 120min, 150min or 180min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable, preferably 90-120 min.
Preferably, the sintering of step (3) is carried out at a temperature increase rate of 1-10 deg.C/min, such as 1 deg.C/min, 3 deg.C/min, 5 deg.C/min, 6 deg.C/min, 8 deg.C/min, 9 deg.C/min, or 10 deg.C/min, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range are equally applicable, preferably 5 deg.C/min.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash with the particle size of 10-100 mu m, and then drying at 100-130 ℃ for 2-8 h; preparing molten salt, performing ball milling treatment for 20-60min in a ball mill with the rotation speed of 300-; mixing the dried fly ash and the fused salt for 10-30min in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 200-500r/min according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-2) to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) performing compression molding on the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 2-10min under 10-60MPa to obtain a cylindrical composite material blank with the diameter of 8-30mm and the thickness of 1-5 mm;
(3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) for 60-180min, wherein the sintering temperature is 10-80 ℃ higher than the phase change temperature of the fused salt, so as to obtain the fly ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase change heat storage material; wherein the temperature rise rate of the sintering is controlled to be 1-10 ℃/min.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material which is prepared by the preparation method of the first purpose, and the phase-change temperature is 200-500 ℃.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the fly ash-based sizing molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, and the second purpose of the fly ash-based sizing molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material is used in the fields of solar energy and industrial waste heat recovery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the preparation method, the fused salt is used as the phase-change material, the bulk industrial solid waste coal ash is used as the base material, the coal ash is not required to be modified, and the coal ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase-change heat storage material is prepared through a mixing-pressing-sintering process, so that the production cost of the heat storage material can be reduced, and the resource utilization rate can be improved;
(2) the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material has the phase change temperature of 200-500 ℃, and is suitable for medium-high temperature application fields of solar energy, industrial waste heat recovery and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample diagram of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a thermal performance test (TG-DSC) curve of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XRD spectrum of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash with the particle size of 10-50 mu m, and then drying for 6h at 120 ℃; preparing sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate with the mass ratio of 3:2 as molten salt, performing ball milling treatment for 40min in a ball mill with the rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain molten salt with the particle size of 10-35 mu m, and then drying at 120 ℃ for 6 h; mixing the dried fly ash and the fused salt for 20min in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 350r/min according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) performing compression molding on the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 5min under 20MPa to obtain a cylindrical composite material blank with the diameter of 15mm and the thickness of 2 mm;
(3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) at 260 ℃ for 90min to obtain a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material; wherein the temperature rise rate of the sintering is controlled to be 5 ℃/min.
Fig. 1 is a sample diagram of the fly ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase-change heat storage material prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the obtained composite phase-change heat storage material has a smooth surface, no damage or leakage, and a good morphology; fig. 2 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material prepared in this embodiment, that is, the fly ash and the molten salt are uniformly distributed and tightly combined; fig. 3 is a thermal performance test (TG-DSC) graph of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the phase-change temperature of the obtained composite phase-change heat storage material is 224.2 ℃, and the phase-change enthalpy is 31.92 kJ/kg; fig. 4 is an XRD spectrum of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the chemical compatibility of fly ash and nitrate is good.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash with the particle size of 40-70 mu m, and then drying for 6h at 120 ℃; preparing sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate with the mass ratio of 3:2 as molten salt, performing ball milling treatment for 40min in a ball mill with the rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain molten salt with the particle size of 5-25 μm, and then drying at 120 ℃ for 6 h; mixing the dried fly ash and the fused salt for 20min in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 350r/min according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) performing compression molding on the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 2min under 60MPa to obtain a cylindrical composite material blank with the diameter of 20mm and the thickness of 2 mm;
(3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) at 240 ℃ for 120min to obtain a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material; wherein the temperature rise rate of the sintering is controlled to be 5 ℃/min.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash with the particle size of 70-100 mu m, and then drying for 5h at 110 ℃; preparing sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate with the mass ratio of 3:2 as molten salt, performing ball milling treatment for 40min in a ball mill with the rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain molten salt with the particle size of 1-15 mu m, and then drying at 110 ℃ for 5 h; mixing the dried fly ash and the fused salt for 20min in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 350r/min according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5 to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) performing compression molding on the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 5min under 40MPa to obtain a cylindrical composite material blank with the diameter of 30mm and the thickness of 1 mm;
(3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) at 270 ℃ for 90min to obtain a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material; wherein the temperature rise rate of the sintering is controlled to be 10 ℃/min.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash with the particle size of 50-100 mu m, and then drying at 120 ℃ for 2.5 h; preparing molten salt of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3.5, performing ball milling treatment for 40min in a ball mill at a rotation speed of 500r/min to obtain molten salt with a particle size of 25-40 μm, and drying at 120 ℃ for 4.5 h; mixing the dried fly ash and the fused salt for 20min in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 350r/min according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) performing compression molding on the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 2min under 18MPa to obtain a cylindrical composite material blank with the diameter of 15mm and the thickness of 2 mm;
(3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) at 250 ℃ for 80min to obtain a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material; wherein the temperature rise rate of the sintering is controlled to be 5 ℃/min.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material, except that the sintering temperature in step (3) is changed from "260 ℃ to" 200 ℃, and other conditions are exactly the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based sizing molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which is completely the same as that in embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of the fly ash and the molten salt after drying treatment in step (1) is changed from 1:1 to 3:1.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fly ash-based sizing molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material, which is completely the same as that in embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of the fly ash and the molten salt after drying treatment in step (1) is changed from 1:1 to 1: 3.
The composite phase-change heat storage materials obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were tested as follows:
(1) TG-DSC curve: performing TG-DSC test by using a differential scanning calorimeter with the model of STA 449F 3 of Germany NETZSCH company to obtain the phase-change temperature and the phase-change enthalpy of the composite phase-change heat storage material; wherein, during measurement, 5-10mg of powder is loaded into an alumina crucible special for test, and then the alumina crucible is placed into a thermal analyzer, the test temperature is set to be 30-500 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the purge gas and the protective gas are argon, and the flow rates are 20mL/min and 60mL/min respectively; all examples showed no significant mass decay over the temperature range tested.
(2) Setting degree: according to naked eyes, the surface flatness, cracks or fractures, slag falling or leakage on the surface and other shaping conditions of the obtained composite phase-change heat storage material are judged, and the shaping degrees are divided into four grades of 'excellent', 'good', 'medium' and 'poor'; the four levels are classified as follows:
and (3) excellent: the surface is smooth, no crack and no slag drop;
good: no crack, no slag falling and uneven surface;
the method comprises the following steps: no fracture, no fault and no slag drop;
difference: severe fracture, fault, molten salt leakage;
the specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | Phase transition temperature/. degree.C | Enthalpy of phase change/kJ/kg | Degree of setting |
| Example 1 | 224.2 | 31.92 | Superior food |
| Example 2 | 223.9 | 30.02 | Good wine |
| Example 3 | 225.3 | 20.64 | Good wine |
| Example 4 | 223.0 | 31.68 | Superior food |
| Comparative example 1 | 223.8 | 31.02 | In |
| Comparative example 2 | 225.7 | 16.82 | In |
| Comparative example 3 | 224.3 | 46.18 | Difference (D) |
In conclusion, the preparation method provided by the invention uses the fused salt as the phase-change material, uses the bulk industrial solid waste coal ash as the base material, does not need to modify the coal ash, and prepares the coal ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase-change heat storage material through the mixing-pressing-sintering process, so that the production cost of the heat storage material can be reduced, the resource utilization rate can be improved, the phase-change temperature of the coal ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase-change heat storage material provided by the invention is 200-500 ℃, and the preparation method is suitable for the middle-high temperature application fields of solar energy, industrial waste heat recovery and the like.
The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the fly ash and the molten salt to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) pressing and molding the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) to obtain a composite material blank;
(3) and (3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) to obtain the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase change heat storage material.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash and the molten salt in the step (1) is 1 (0.5-2);
preferably, the mixing of step (1) is carried out in a ball mill;
preferably, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200-;
preferably, the mixing time of step (1) is 10-30 min.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fly ash of step (1) has a particle size of 10 to 100 μm, preferably 40 to 70 μm;
preferably, the fly ash is subjected to a drying treatment before the mixing in step (1);
preferably, the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-130 ℃, preferably 120 ℃;
preferably, the drying treatment time is 2-8h, preferably 4-6 h.
4. A production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molten salt of step (1) comprises any one of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate or lithium nitrate or a combination of at least two thereof, preferably a combination of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate;
preferably, the mass ratio of sodium nitrate to potassium nitrate in the molten salt is 3 (1-4), preferably 3:2.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, prior to the mixing in step (1), the molten salt is subjected to a ball milling treatment and a drying treatment in this order;
preferably, the ball milling is carried out in a ball mill;
preferably, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300-;
preferably, the ball milling time is 20-60 min;
preferably, the particle size of the molten salt of step (1) is 1-40 μm, preferably 5-25 μm;
preferably, the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-130 ℃, preferably 120 ℃;
preferably, the drying treatment time is 2-8h, preferably 4-6 h.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pressure for press forming in step (2) is 10 to 60 MPa;
preferably, the time for the compression molding in the step (2) is 2-10 min.
Preferably, the compression molding in the step (2) is to compress the composite mixed powder into a cylindrical composite blank;
preferably, the diameter of the cylindrical composite blank is 8-30mm, preferably 10-20 mm;
preferably, the thickness of the cylindrical composite body is 1-5mm, preferably 2-4 mm.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sintering temperature in step (3) is 10 to 80 ℃ higher than the phase transition temperature of the molten salt;
preferably, the sintering time in the step (3) is 60-180min, preferably 90-120 min;
preferably, the temperature rise rate of the sintering in the step (3) is 1-10 ℃/min, and preferably 5 ℃/min.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing fly ash with the particle size of 10-100 mu m, and then drying at 100-130 ℃ for 2-8 h; preparing molten salt, performing ball milling treatment for 20-60min in a ball mill with the rotation speed of 300-; mixing the dried fly ash and the fused salt for 10-30min in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 200-500r/min according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-2) to obtain composite material mixed powder;
(2) performing compression molding on the composite material mixed powder obtained in the step (1) for 2-10min under 10-60MPa to obtain a cylindrical composite material blank with the diameter of 8-30mm and the thickness of 1-5 mm;
(3) sintering the composite material blank obtained in the step (2) for 60-180min, wherein the sintering temperature is 10-80 ℃ higher than the phase change temperature of the fused salt, so as to obtain the fly ash-based shaped fused salt composite phase change heat storage material; wherein the temperature rise rate of the sintering is controlled to be 1-10 ℃/min.
9. A fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8, and the phase-change temperature is 200-500 ℃.
10. The application of the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material is characterized in that the fly ash-based shaped molten salt composite phase-change heat storage material disclosed by claim 9 is applied to the fields of solar energy and industrial waste heat recovery.
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