CN109233751B - Carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking lithium carbonate and potassium nitrate as raw materials, uniformly mixing and heating to obtain a lithium carbonate-potassium nitrate mixed molten salt; adding potassium chloride into the mixed molten salt, and heating to obtain eutectic molten salt with low melting point; grinding the eutectic fused salt into powder, adding graphene, uniformly mixing to obtain graphene/eutectic fused salt powder, and uniformly mixing the graphene/eutectic fused salt powder and the expandable graphite matrix to obtain graphene/mixed fused salt powder; carrying out cold press molding on the graphene/mixed molten salt powder to obtain a sample with a regular shape; and drying the sample, cooling to normal temperature, and modifying the shape to obtain the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material. According to the invention, the graphene is added into the eutectic salt medium, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change medium is improved on the premise of keeping higher latent heat of the eutectic molten salt, and the heat storage efficiency is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of composite phase-change energy storage materials, and particularly relates to a carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increase of the world population, the demand of human beings for modern industrial products is also huge day by day, and the large-scale industrial production generates a large amount of industrial waste smoke. The emission of industrial flue gas not only causes energy waste, but also brings about increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. According to the temperature of the waste heat, the flue gas can be divided into high-temperature flue gas (600 ℃), medium-temperature flue gas (230-600 ℃) and low-temperature flue gas (230 ℃). In the process of recycling waste heat resources by using the phase-change heat storage technology, the waste heat utilization conditions of high-temperature and low-temperature flue gas are relatively good, and the waste heat utilization rate of medium-temperature flue gas is low.
At present, scholars at home and abroad use the phase change energy storage technology to carry out some researches on the recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas, and the researched working media comprise organic media and inorganic media. Wherein the organic working medium mainly comprises paraffin, polyethylene glycol and fatty acids such as acetamide, and most of the organic working media have phase transition temperature below 150 deg.C and latent heat of fusion below 150 J.g-1(ii) a The inorganic working medium mainly comprises nitrate, chlorate and fluoride, and has high phase change temperature and high latent heat of fusion. Most nitrates are less corrosive and do not decompose below 500 c, with the disadvantage of relatively low thermal conductivity and therefore tend to generate local overheating during use. The fluoride salt has good compatibility with metal container materials, has very high melting point and large latent heat of fusion, belongs to high-temperature heat storage materials, but has large volume shrinkage when being converted from liquid phase to solid phase, such as LiF up to 23 percent, reduces structural stability and influences the service performance of the materials. As one of the alternatives of the medium-temperature phase-change energy storage material working medium, carbonate and the mixed molten salt thereof have great application potential, but have the defects of relatively high phase-change temperature, low heat conductivity coefficient, low heat storage efficiency, high requirement on a packaging container by strong corrosivity and the like.
Therefore, the development of a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material is urgently needed to overcome the defects and meet the requirement of medium-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low heat storage efficiency and difficult packaging of medium-temperature phase change energy storage materials in the prior art, the invention provides a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material and a preparation method thereof. The material has lower phase-change temperature and higher heat storage efficiency, and can not corrode a packaging container in the using process. The composite phase change energy storage material can better recycle the medium-temperature flue gas waste heat resource, improve the energy utilization rate and promote the energy conservation and emission reduction of high-energy-consumption enterprises, thereby having wide application prospect and economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing lithium carbonate and potassium nitrate serving as raw materials, and heating for 1-2h (preferably 1h) at the temperature of 750-900 ℃ (preferably 800 ℃) to obtain a lithium carbonate-potassium nitrate mixed molten salt;
2) adding potassium chloride into the mixed molten salt obtained in the step 1), and heating for 1-2h (preferably 1h) at 750-;
3) grinding the low-melting-point eutectic molten salt obtained in the step 2) into powder, adding graphene, grinding at the rotating speed of 300-400r/min, and mixing for 2-3h to obtain uniformly-mixed graphene/eutectic molten salt powder;
4) uniformly mixing the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder obtained in the step 3) with an expandable graphite matrix, and adding 95wt% of alcohol to a wet state (so as to facilitate cold press molding) to obtain uniform graphene/eutectic molten salt powder;
5) carrying out cold press molding on the graphene/mixed molten salt powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a flaky sample;
6) drying the sample obtained in the step 5) at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 4-6h, cooling to room temperature, and modifying to obtain the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material.
By adopting the conception, on one hand, the mixed molten salt of lithium carbonate and potassium nitrate is adopted as the phase-change material, and potassium chloride is adopted as the fluxing agent, so that the phase-change material with moderate melting point and high latent heat is obtained, and the material has excellent heat storage capacity; on the other hand, by adding the graphene, the advantage of high heat conductivity coefficient of the graphene is fully utilized, and the heat storage efficiency of the phase change composite material is improved. In addition, the medium-temperature composite phase change energy storage material is prepared by adopting expandable graphite as a matrix and adopting a uniaxial compression type cold press molding process, so that the flowing problem in the solid-liquid phase change process is effectively solved, and the service performance of the phase change energy storage material is ensured. The preparation process is simplified, and the preparation cost is low.
Further preferably, in the step 1), the mass ratio of the lithium carbonate to the potassium nitrate is 1: 1.5-4.
As a further preference, wherein in step 1), the mass ratio of lithium carbonate to potassium nitrate is 1: 2.
Further preferably, in the step 2), the mass of the potassium chloride accounts for 10-15% of the total mass of the mixed molten salt and the potassium chloride.
As a further preference, wherein in step 2), the mass of the potassium chloride accounts for 12% of the total mass of both the mixed molten salt and the potassium chloride.
Further preferably, wherein in the step 2), the melting temperature of the eutectic molten salt with low melting point is 400-450 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 3), the eutectic molten salt with low melting point obtained in the step 2) is ground into powder with 50 meshes to +200 meshes, graphene with 400 meshes to 800 meshes is added, and the mixture is ground and mixed for 2.5 to 3 hours at the rotating speed of 400r/min, so that graphene/eutectic molten salt powder which is uniformly mixed is obtained.
More preferably, in step 3), the mass of the graphene accounts for 5% to 15% of the total mass of the low-melting-point eutectic molten salt and the graphene.
Preferably, in the step 3), the mass of the graphene accounts for 5-10% of the total mass of the low-melting-point eutectic molten salt and the graphene.
More preferably, in step 3), the particle size of the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder is controlled to be 50 meshes to +200 meshes.
As a further preference, in step 4), the mass ratio of the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder to the expandable graphite matrix is 3: 1.
further preferably, in the step 5), the pressure of the cold press molding is 20-30 MPa.
Further preferably, in the step 5), the pressure of the cold press molding is 30MPa, and the molding effect is the best.
The invention also provides a carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material prepared by the method, and the phase-change energy storage material has the weight not less than 2 W.m-1·K-1Thermal conductivity of (2).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the graphene is added into the eutectic salt medium, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change medium is improved on the premise of keeping higher latent heat of the eutectic molten salt, and the heat storage efficiency is excellent.
2. The invention uses the expandable graphite as the packaging material, and the sample with a certain regular shape is prepared by controlling the pressure and cold press molding, thereby effectively solving the flow problem of the eutectic salt medium in the solid-liquid phase change process and ensuring the service performance of the phase change energy storage material.
3. The preparation process is simplified, and the preparation cost is low.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given to the specific embodiments, features and effects of the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiments.
The following materials and reagents are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 100g of lithium carbonate and 150g of potassium nitrate, uniformly mixing, placing in an alumina crucible, and heating in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 2h to obtain a lithium carbonate-potassium nitrate mixed molten salt;
2) adding 44.1g of potassium chloride (KCl) serving as a fluxing agent into the mixed molten salt obtained in the step 1), and heating for 2 hours at 800 ℃ in a muffle furnace to obtain eutectic molten salt with a melting point (obtained by differential thermal analysis) of 450 ℃;
3) grinding the eutectic molten salt with low melting point obtained in the step 2) to-50 meshes-200 meshes, placing the ground eutectic molten salt into a ball milling tank, adding 15.6g of graphene, grinding and mixing for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 400r/min through ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed graphene/eutectic molten salt powder; wherein the particle size of the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder is controlled to be-50 meshes to +200 meshes;
4) uniformly mixing the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder obtained in the step 3) with 97g of expandable graphite, and adding 20g of alcohol to a slightly wetted state; and placing the mixed powder in a mold, and performing cold press molding by controlling the pressure, wherein the cold press molding pressure is 20MPa, so as to prepare a phase change energy storage material sample. And (3) drying the molded sample in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, and shaping to obtain the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 50g of lithium carbonate and 200g of potassium nitrate, uniformly mixing, placing in an alumina crucible, and heating in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 2h to obtain a lithium carbonate-potassium nitrate mixed molten salt;
2) adding 27.8g of potassium chloride (KCl) into the mixed molten salt obtained in the step 1) as a fluxing agent, and heating for 2 hours at 800 ℃ in a muffle furnace to obtain eutectic molten salt with a melting point of 400 ℃ (obtained by differential thermal analysis);
3) grinding the eutectic molten salt with low melting point obtained in the step 2) to below 50 meshes, placing the eutectic molten salt into a ball milling tank, adding 24.5g of graphene, and grinding and mixing the graphene and the eutectic molten salt for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 400r/min through ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed graphene/eutectic molten salt powder. Wherein the particle size of the graphene/mixed molten salt powder is controlled to be-50 meshes to +200 meshes;
4) uniformly mixing the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder obtained in the step 3) with 100.9g of expandable graphite, wherein the step is only mixing, and adding 20g of alcohol until the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder is slightly wetted. And placing the mixed powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding by controlling the pressure, wherein the cold press molding pressure is 30MPa, so as to prepare a sample. And (3) drying the molded sample in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, and shaping to obtain the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 62.5g of lithium carbonate and 187.5g of potassium nitrate, uniformly mixing, placing in an alumina crucible, and heating in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a lithium carbonate-potassium nitrate mixed molten salt;
2) adding 30g of potassium chloride (KCl) into the mixed molten salt obtained in the step 1) as a fluxing agent, and heating for 2 hours in a muffle furnace at 800 ℃ to obtain eutectic molten salt with a melting point of 430 ℃ (obtained by differential thermal analysis);
3) grinding the eutectic molten salt with low melting point obtained in the step 2) to below 50 meshes, placing the eutectic molten salt into a ball milling tank, adding 27.8g of graphene, and grinding and mixing the graphene and the eutectic molten salt for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 400r/min through ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed graphene/eutectic molten salt powder. Wherein the particle size of the graphene/mixed molten salt powder after ball milling is controlled to be-50 meshes to +200 meshes;
4) uniformly mixing the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder obtained in the step 3) with 102.6g of expandable graphite, wherein the step is only mixing and 30g of alcohol is added until the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder is slightly wetted. And placing the mixed powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding by controlling the pressure, wherein the cold press molding pressure is 30MPa, so as to prepare a sample. And (3) drying the molded sample in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, and shaping to obtain the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material.
The prepared carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material is tested, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material obtained in the three embodiments is more than or equal to 2 W.m-1·K-1The method has the advantages that the heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change energy storage material can be obviously improved through the graphene, and further the heat storage efficiency is improved.
The test procedure was as follows,
(1) differential thermal analysis:
performing TG-DSC analysis on the powder sample of the eutectic molten salt obtained in the step 2) of the example 1-3 by using an STA409PC synchronous thermal analyzer (NetZSH company, Germany), wherein the mass of the powder sample is 11.504mg, putting the powder sample into an alumina crucible, heating the powder sample from room temperature to 600 ℃ under an argon atmosphere, and the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and after 7-8 hours, respectively obtaining the melting points of the eutectic molten salt of the example 1-3 as 450 ℃, 400 ℃ and 430 ℃ by the differential thermal analysis;
(2) coefficient of thermal conductivity:
the thermal diffusivity lambda of the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material of the embodiment 1-3 is respectively measured by adopting an FLASHLINE 5000 type thermal conductivity tester (Anter corporation of America), Ar gas protection is adopted in the measurement process, the temperature range is 200-600 ℃, and then the thermal conductivity coefficient is calculated to be more than or equal to 2 W.m-1·K-1。
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A preparation method of a carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) taking lithium carbonate and potassium nitrate as raw materials, uniformly mixing, and heating at the temperature of 750-900 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain a lithium carbonate-potassium nitrate mixed molten salt; the mass ratio of the lithium carbonate to the potassium nitrate is 1: 1.5-4;
2) adding potassium chloride into the mixed molten salt obtained in the step 1), and heating for 1-2h at the temperature of 750-; the mass of the potassium chloride accounts for 10-15% of the total mass of the mixed molten salt and the potassium chloride;
3) grinding the low-melting-point eutectic molten salt obtained in the step 2) into powder, adding graphene, grinding at the rotating speed of 300-400r/min, and mixing for 2-3h to obtain uniformly-mixed graphene/eutectic molten salt powder; the mass of the graphene accounts for 5% -15% of the total mass of the low-melting-point eutectic molten salt and the graphene;
4) uniformly mixing the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder obtained in the step 3) with an expandable graphite matrix, and adding 95wt% of alcohol to a wet state to obtain uniform graphene/eutectic molten salt powder; the mass ratio of the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder to the expandable graphite matrix is 3: 1;
5) carrying out cold press molding on the graphene/mixed molten salt powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a flaky sample;
6) drying the sample obtained in the step 5) at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 4-6h, cooling to room temperature, and modifying to obtain the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the mass ratio of the lithium carbonate to the potassium nitrate is 1: 2.
3. The method for preparing the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mass of the potassium chloride accounts for 12% of the total mass of the mixed molten salt and the potassium chloride.
4. The preparation method of the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the melting temperature of the eutectic low-melting-point molten salt is 400-450 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the eutectic molten salt with low melting point obtained in the step 2) is ground into powder with 50 meshes to 200 meshes, graphene with 400 meshes to 800 meshes is added, and the mixture is ground and mixed for 2.5 to 3 hours at a rotation speed of 400r/min to obtain uniformly mixed graphene/eutectic molten salt powder.
6. The preparation method of the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the mass of the graphene accounts for 5-10% of the total mass of the low-melting-point eutectic molten salt and the graphene.
7. The preparation method of the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 6, wherein in the step 3), the particle size of the graphene/eutectic molten salt powder is controlled to be 50-200 meshes.
8. The preparation method of the carbon-based composite phase change energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the pressure of the cold press molding is 20-30 MPa.
9. The method for preparing the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 8, wherein in the step 5), the pressure of the cold press molding is 30 MPa.
10. A carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material, wherein the carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. The carbon-based composite phase-change energy storage material according to claim 10, wherein the phase-change energy storage material has a composition of 2W-m or more-1·K-1Thermal conductivity of (2).
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| CN111205827A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-29 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preventing loss of molten salt phase change heat storage material by using activated carbon |
| CN113579210B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-08-19 | 超威电源集团有限公司 | Graphene-containing positive plate grid alloy, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114060781B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2024-07-26 | 深圳市联域光电股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy heat dissipation cavity structure of heat accumulator for LED lamp and preparation method thereof |
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