CN113512071B - 近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(ⅲ)配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物及其制备方法和应用,该类铱(Ⅲ)配合物以具有大共轭结构的环金属C^N配体和含紫精取代基的N^N配体相结合构成。利用紫精取代基强吸电子能力和可逆的氧化还原特性结合铱(Ⅲ)配合物丰富的激发态性质,在电刺激下,铱(Ⅲ)配合物发生电化学氧化还原反应,实现发光“ON‑OFF”的转换;利用环金属配体大共轭结构调节配体轨道能级,使铱(Ⅲ)配合物在电刺激后发光波长在近红外波长范围,获得只能用仪器检测到而肉眼无法识别的发光。该类铱(Ⅲ)配合物为电致变色材料的研究和电致变色器件的应用开辟了新的方向,利用外部电刺激以及发光的不可见性,在信息存储和高级加密领域有着良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机光电材料技术领域,具体的说是红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在信息化高速发展的今天,信息存储与安全已成为人们广泛关注的问题,为了满足日益增长的多层次加密信息存储和显示需求,开发更高安全级别的信息技术迫在眉睫。
近年来刺激响应型材料在显示和存储器件等领域引起了极大的研究兴趣。在众多外部刺激中,电刺激是相对重要和有前途的方法之一,因为它操作方便和精准可调,并且可以很容易地集成到光电器件中,其作为一种常用的信息存储和加密-解密的刺激方式在信息安全领域得到了广泛的应用。
紫精及其衍生物由于其通用性和可调性,已被广泛用作电致变色材料。当它受到外界电场刺激时,会形成不同的氧化还原态,导致可见区域的吸收变化而显示出不同的颜色,能够用于实现信息记录和显示。磷光金属铱(Ⅲ)配合物具有较高的发光量子产率,可调的发光颜色和丰富发射态特性,且对外界刺激非常敏感,已经被用于电致发光变色的研究。将紫精单元修饰到铱(Ⅲ)配合物N^N配体上,当电刺激紫精单元时,铱(Ⅲ)配合物的电子转移方式会发生改变,进而改变其光物理性质。通过可逆地调节紫精诱导的发光猝灭效应,实现了一种电控磷光开关。利用二者优良的性质,构建了一类新型电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物。
传统的电刺激发光信息通常在日光或紫外光下可见,这限制了它们在信息保护方面的潜在应用。如:现有技术中,公布号为CN106496277A公开了铱配合物及其制备方法和应用铱配合物的电致发光器件,具体公开了一种铱配合物和应用铱配合物的电致发光器件,公开了铱配合物用于有机电致发光器件的光电性能,却不具有信息加密的效果。公布号为CN 103497219 A公开了一类红光铱配合物及其在有机电致白或红发光器件中应用,具体公开了一类红光铱配合物,该配合物可以作为制备白光器件中红光材料的备选材料,也不具有运用到信息加密领域的性质。通过改变配体的结构,调控配体和铱中心轨道能级,将发光开启后的发射波长调控到近红外区域,使发光信息不会在日光或紫外光下被肉眼识别,进一步提高加密安全水平。因此,设计、合成这类配合物为发展新型功能材料提供一条新思路,可用于电致发光变色材料和器件以及信息存储,显示和加密等领域,为信息加密提供了一种更安全的新途径。
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决现有技术中的不足,提供一种近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物及其制备方法,本发明的铱(Ⅲ)配合物可用于电致发光变色材料和器件以及信息记录和信息加密等领域。
为了达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明是近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物,铱(Ⅲ)配合物的结构通式为:
其中C^N配体为下列中任意一个:
本发明是近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物制备方法,铱(Ⅲ)配合物合成路线如下:
具体制备步骤如下:步骤1,环金属化铱(Ⅲ)氯桥二聚体通过C^N配体与三水合三氯化铱按照摩尔比2:1~2.5:1的量在适量的溶剂中配位得到;
步骤2,利用摩尔比为2:1~3:1的4-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯和5,5'-二溴-2,2'-联吡啶通过铃木偶联反应得到分子1;
步骤3,分子1和不同的环金属化铱(Ⅲ)氯桥二聚体按照摩尔比2:1~2.5:1通过配位反应后再与KPF6进行离子交换得到铱(III)配合物2;
步骤4,碘甲烷与配合物2按摩尔比2:1~3:1进行亲核取代后再与KPF6进行离子交换得到铱(III)配合物3。
本发明的进一步改进在于:步骤2中所述溶剂由乙二醇乙醚和水按照体积比为3:1混合得到。
本发明的进一步改进在于:步骤2中C^N配体为
中的任意一种。
近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物的应用,用作电致发光变色材料,并用于制备电致发光变色器件,该电致发光变色器件可用于信息存储、显示和信息加密。
本发明有益效果是:本发明的铱配合物磷光材料中引入紫精单元,利用其对电刺激敏感性且具有可逆的氧化还原性质的特点,可在电刺激时调整整个铱配合物光物理性质,构建一种电控磷光开关,实现从发光淬灭到发光开启的转变,可制备电致发光变色器件和信息存储和显示器件。C^N配体大的共轭结构和紫精修饰的N^N配体结构共同作用,使配合物在电刺激下,由发光淬灭到开启且发光波长在近红外波段,可用于信息加密领域。利用这两个特点给信息加密带来更高的安全性,为信息加密方向的研究提供了一种新思路。
附图说明
图1为铱(III)配合物在乙腈溶液中的吸收光谱图;
图2为铱(III)配合物加入硼氢化钠前后在乙腈溶液中的发射光谱图;
图3为铱(III)配合物在薄膜状态下加电前后器件效果图;
图4为铱(III)配合物在薄膜状态下加电前后发射光谱图;
图5为铱(III)配合物在薄膜状态下被电刺激后红外相机拍摄效果图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明的内容,下面通过具体的实施例和附图进一步说明本发明的技术方案,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
本发明是近红外发射电刺激响应型铱(Ⅲ)配合物,铱(Ⅲ)配合物的结构通式为:
其中C^N配体为下列中任意一个:
其制备方法包括如下步骤:步骤1,环金属化铱(Ⅲ)氯桥二聚体通过C^N配体与三水合三氯化铱按照摩尔比2:1~2.5:1的量在适量的溶剂中配位得到;
步骤2,利用摩尔比为2:1~3:1的4-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯和5,5'-二溴-2,2'-联吡啶通过铃木偶联反应得到分子1;
步骤3,分子1和不同的环金属化铱(Ⅲ)氯桥二聚体按照摩尔比2:1至2.5:1通过配位反应后再与KPF6进行离子交换得到铱(III)配合物2;
步骤4,碘甲烷与配合物2按摩尔比2:1至3:1进行亲核取代后再与KPF6进行离子交换得到铱(III)配合物3。
实施例1
铱(III)配合物分子结构式为:
该铱(III)配合物的合成链路如下:
具体制备步骤如下:
步骤1为化合物[(pbq-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-g)2]的制备,分为两步,即,1.1,分子pbq-g的合成:称取3-氨基-2萘醛3.0 mmol、苯乙酮3.0 mmol至反应瓶中,再依次加入饱和的KOH乙醇溶液1.4 mL和乙醇40 mL,升温至80 ℃搅拌回流11 h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,用水稀释混合物,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,得到水悬浮液,用二氯萃取后,得有机相,用甲苯作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,收集黄色带部分,再用甲醇重结晶得到淡黄色固体;
1.2,化合物[(pbq-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-g)2]的合成:称取 IrCl3·3H2O0.75 mmol和pbq-g1.5 mmol加入到双口瓶中,抽真空,鼓氮气,循环三次;在氮气氛围下注入乙二醇乙醚12 mL和水4 mL后,升温至110 ℃搅拌回流24 h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,抽滤得到深红色固体,用去离子水和乙醇清洗三遍,在真空干燥箱里面烘干后得到化合物[(pbq-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-g)2];
步骤2,分子1的合成:取1.60 mmol 的5,5'-二溴-2,2'-联吡啶、4.77 mmol 的4-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯、8.0 mmol的碳酸铯、0.16 mmol的四(三苯基膦)钯至反应瓶中,避光,抽真空,鼓氮气,循环三次;氮气氛围下依次向反应瓶中注入15 mL 的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,使固体完全溶解。加热至80 ℃,搅拌回流24 h。反应结束后,降至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,二氯甲烷萃取留下有机相,浓缩,用二氯甲烷/甲醇(v/v=100:1)作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到产物分子1,产率为65%;
步骤3,配合物2的合成:称取0.20 mmol的化合物[(pbq-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-g)2]和0.5 mmol的分子1加入圆底烧瓶中,依次加入15 mL的甲醇和30 mL的二氯甲烷,使固体充分溶解,加热至40 ℃,搅拌回流6 h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,向产物中加入六氟磷酸钾至饱和,室温搅拌2 h,用二氯甲烷/甲醇(v/v=150:1)作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到橙色粉末配合物2,产率为79%。
步骤4,配合物3的合成:取0.09 mmol的配合物2加入双口反应瓶中,抽真空,鼓氮气,注入6 mL的乙腈使其完全溶解,再加入0.27 mmol的碘甲烷,加热至40 ℃反应12 h,冷凝回流,反应结束后,冷却至室温,旋干后得到深红色固体,将其溶于六氟磷酸钾饱和甲醇溶液中搅拌2 h,抽滤后用乙腈和乙醚重结晶得棕色配合物3,产率为86%。
实施例2
铱(III)配合物分子结构式为:
合成链路如下:
步骤1为化合物[(mpbqx-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(mpbqx-g)2]的制备,分为两步,即,1.1,分子mpbqx-g的合成:取5.2 mmol的2,3-萘二胺和5 mmol的1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮至反应瓶中,再加入无水乙醇(30 mL)加热回流5 h,反应结束后,逐渐冷却至室温。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,经柱层析,纯化得到mpbqx-g,为黄色粉末,得率为80%,其中,经柱层析步骤中层析液中石油醚/乙酸乙酯为12:1;
1.2,取0.75 mmol的 IrCl3·3H2O和1.5 mmol 的mpbqx-g,加入到双口瓶中,抽真空,鼓氮气,循环三次,在氮气氛围下注入15 mL的乙二醇乙醚和5 mL的水后,升温至110 ℃搅拌回流24 h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,抽滤得到深红色固体,用去离子水和乙醇清洗三遍,在真空干燥箱里面烘干后得到化合物[(mpbqx-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(mpbqx-g)2];
步骤2中5,5'-二溴-2,2'-联吡啶和4-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯的的摩尔量分别为1.60和3.2 mmol ,具体操作与实施例1中步骤2相同;
步骤3中,取0.20 mmol的化合物[(mpbqx-g)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(mpbqx-g)2]和0.4mmol的分子1加入圆底烧瓶中,具体操作与实施例1的步骤3相同,在本实施例中用二氯甲烷/甲醇(v/v=150:1)作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到配合物2;
步骤4中,配合物2的摩尔量为0.1 mmol,碘甲烷的摩尔量为0.2 mmol,其余操作与实施例1中步骤4相同。
实施例3
铱(III)配合物分子结构式为:
合成链路如下:
步骤1为化合物[(pbq-f)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-f)2]的制备,具体分为两步,即,步骤1.1,分子pbq-f的合成:称取2.0 mmol的苯甲醛、2.0 mmol 的2-萘胺、3.0 mmol的丁基乙烯醚和0.1 mmol的碘至反应瓶中,再加入10 mL 的THF,放入油浴锅搅拌回流10 h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到分子pbq-f;
步骤1.2,在该步骤中,IrCl3·3H2O和pbq-f的摩尔量分别是0.75 mmol和1.8mmol,乙二醇乙醚和水的体积分别是18 mL和6 mL,其余操作与实施例1中步骤1.2相同,本实施例在真空干燥箱里面烘干后得到化合物[(pbq-f)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-f)2];
步骤2中,5,5'-二溴-2,2'-联吡啶与4-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯的摩尔量分别为3 mmol和7mmol,碳酸铯和四(三苯基膦)钯的摩尔量分别为12 mmol和 0.2mmol,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入量为20mL,其余操作与实施例1中步骤2相同;
步骤3中,化合物[(pbq-f)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(pbq-f)2]和分子1的摩尔量分别为0.30mmol和0.7 mmol,甲醇和二氯甲烷的体积分别为18 mL和36mL,保证固体充分溶解,其余操作与实施例1中步骤3相同;
步骤4中,配合物2与碘甲烷的摩尔量分别为0.12 mmol和0.3 mmol,乙腈的体积为7 mL,其余操作与实施例1相同。
实施例4
铱(III)配合物分子结构式为:
合成链路如下:
具体操作步骤如:
步骤1,化合物[(dpbq-f)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(dpbq-f)2]的制备;分为两步,即,1.1,分子dpbq-f的合成:取4.0 mmol的1-苯甲酰基-2-萘胺、4.0 mmol的苯乙酮至反应瓶中,再依次加入饱和的KOH乙醇溶液12 mL和乙醇45 mL,升温至80 ℃搅拌回流11 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温。用水稀释混合物,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,用二氯萃取后,收集有机相,用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v=1:19)作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,再用无水乙醇重结晶得到黄色针状晶体;
步骤1.2,在该步骤中IrCl3·3H2O与dpbq-f的摩尔量分别为0.9 mmol和2mmol,乙二醇乙醚与水的体积分别为21 mL和7 mL,其余操作与实施例1的步骤1.2相同,本实施例中该步骤最终制得化合物[(dpbq-f)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(dpbq-f)2];
步骤2,5,5'-二溴-2,2'-联吡啶与4-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯的摩尔量分别为2 mmol和5 mmol,碳酸铯和四(三苯基膦)钯的摩尔量分别为10 mmol和2 mmo,lN,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入量为18 mL,洗脱剂采用二氯甲烷/甲醇(v/v=100:1),其余操作与实施例1的步骤2相同;
步骤3,化合物[(dpbq-f)2Ir(µ-Cl)2Ir(dpbq-f)2] 和分子1的摩尔量分别为0.4mmol和0.9 mmol,甲醇和二氯甲烷的体积分别为20 mL和40mL,其余操作与实施例1中步骤3相同;
步骤4,配合物2和碘甲烷的摩尔量分别为0.15mmol和0.4mmol,乙腈注入量为10mL,其余操作与实施例1的步骤4相同。
铱(III)配合物在电刺激下具有良好的可逆性和化学稳定性且发光波长在近红外波段,正是由于具有该特性,本发明的铱(III)配合物可以用作电致发光变色材料,并用于制备电致发光变色器件,该电致发光变色器件可用于信息存储、显示和信息加密领域。
以实施例1中为例做以下实验:
(1)铱配合物滴加硼氢化钠实验
配置浓度为10-4 M铱配合物的乙腈溶液,移取2 mL该溶液于比色皿中,向比色皿中滴加2倍当量硼氢化钠,测试不加硼氢化钠和加入硼氢化钠后的磷光发射光谱图,激发波长为405nm。测试结果如图1所示:加入硼氢化钠之前,由于紫精单元的强吸电子作用使配合物分子内存在Pet效应,导致配合物初始不发光;加入硼氢化钠之后,配合物发生还原反应,得到两个电子后分子内不再存在Pet效应,进而配合物发光开启,最大发射波长在700 nm。
(2)铱配合物薄膜电刺激响应实验
将所述铱配合物3溶解在3 mL离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐中,浓度为10-3 M,再加入10 mg的四丁基六氟膦酸胺,超声至完全溶解,形成凝胶。将此凝胶滴涂在电极的ITO面上一端的中心,取另一片ITO玻璃的导电的一面进行粘合,随后密封保护,用于加电实验。
如图3所示,加电之前,不管在日光下和在黑暗环境中实用365nm紫外灯照射都看不见薄膜器件上的任何信息,说明配合物3初始是不发光的;对薄膜施加2 V电压后,可得出加电之后的薄膜在365 nm紫外灯照射和加电之效果一样,也看不见信息的显示。但是测试薄膜加电前后的发射光谱(图4)可以看前后薄膜由发光猝灭变成发光开启,这是由于加电之后,配合物发生还原反应得到两个电子,阻断分子内Pet,进而使配合物发光,这和硼氢化钠还原结果一致。但是配合物3的发光波长在700 nm,达到了近红外区域,人肉眼无法识别,所以看不见信息的显示。使用近红外照相机拍摄加电之后的薄膜,如图5所示,薄膜器件上的字母“I”清晰地显现出来,即可读取到记录的信息。
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