CN113503164B - Cutter head cutter system of shield machine and abrasion warning detection method thereof - Google Patents
Cutter head cutter system of shield machine and abrasion warning detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113503164B CN113503164B CN202110987790.7A CN202110987790A CN113503164B CN 113503164 B CN113503164 B CN 113503164B CN 202110987790 A CN202110987790 A CN 202110987790A CN 113503164 B CN113503164 B CN 113503164B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000035874 Excoriation Diseases 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010000117 Abnormal behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A shield tunneling machine cutterhead cutter system and a wear warning detection method thereof comprise the following steps: the cutter head cutter system of the shield machine and the abrasion warning detection method of the cutter head cutter system matched with the cutter head cutter system of the shield machine are used, the cutter head cutter system comprises a cutter head main body, a cutter seat and a cutter, the cutter head main body, the cutter seat and the cutter all contain specific elements, and the abrasion warning detection method of the cutter head cutter system matched with the cutter head cutter system of the shield machine comprises the following steps: collecting dregs and soil waste liquid generated during the tunneling of the shield machine as a detection sample; detecting the detection sample, and if the detection sample contains a specific element x, stopping the machine for overhauling; if the detection sample does not contain the specific element x, continuing to collect the waste residue and soil liquid as the detection sample. When the shield tunneling machine tunnel engineering detection device is used, the specific elements are added into the parts of the cutter head cutter system, and then the dregs and waste liquid collected in the shield tunneling machine tunnel engineering site are detected, so that the abrasion detection of the parts can be efficiently realized, and the discharging detection times of workers are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines and the technical field of abrasion detection, in particular to a cutter head cutter system of a shield machine and an abrasion warning detection method thereof.
Background
The shield tunneling machine is widely applied to large tunnel construction projects such as subways and the like due to the advantages of safe construction, environmental protection, high tunneling efficiency and the like. The cutter system of the shield machine cutter head comprises a cutter head main body, a cutter seat, a cutter and the like; the cutter comprises hob cutter, etc. Taking a hob as an important tool for cutting a rock-soil body, the hob is extremely easy to wear due to direct contact with the rock-soil body, and particularly the hob is more seriously worn when meeting environments such as sandy pebbles, composite bottom layers and the like. In addition, the shield tunneling machine continuously bears larger tunnel peripheral pressure in the construction process, particularly under the river, the lake and the sea, and the tunnel peripheral water pressure is larger, so that great difficulty is brought to the replacement of the cutter of the shield tunneling machine. Therefore, the shield cutter changing needs to be planned in advance, and further, higher requirements are put forward for hob abrasion detection. At present, the conventional hob abrasion detection method is a bin opening detection method and an odor additive method, and the bin opening detection method can directly and effectively measure the hob abrasion degree, but the detection of the under-pressure bin opening is needed, so that the construction progress is influenced, and higher safety risk exists; the peculiar smell additive method is suitable for being applied to TBM (full face rock tunnel boring machine), and the application in a shield is influenced by construction environment, so that the taste of the additive in muddy water environment is not obvious, and the effect is greatly reduced. How to safely and effectively detect the abrasion state of a shield machine cutterhead cutter system becomes a difficult problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cutter head cutter system of a shield machine, which comprises a cutter head main body, a cutter seat and a cutter head, and is characterized by at least comprising the following characteristics:
feature 1: the cutter has the advantages that the local area of the cutting element for contacting and cutting the rock and soil does not contain specific elements, and other areas contain specific elements;
feature 2: the cutterhead main body contains specific elements;
feature 3: the tool apron contains specific elements.
Preferably, in feature 1, only a local area of the cutting element not used to contact and cut the rock and soil contains a specific element;
preferably, in feature 2, only the cutter head body is spaced from the outer surface of the cutter head body by a distance greater than h 1 Contains a specific element;
preferably, in feature 3, only the tool holder is on the same side as the tool cutting element and is cutting the earth and rock with the tool cutting elementThe end face of the same direction of the motion track is larger than h 2 Contains a specific element.
More preferably, the specific element is selected from copper, tin, aluminum, and magnesium.
More preferably, the specific elements contained in the different detection areas to be warned are different from each other.
The abnormal wear warning detection method of the shield machine cutterhead cutter system matched with the shield machine cutterhead cutter system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: and collecting dregs and soil waste liquid generated during the tunneling of the shield machine as a detection sample.
S2: detecting the detection sample obtained in the step S1, if the detection sample contains a specific element x, indicating that critical abrasion occurs to a cutter system of a cutter head of the shield machine, and entering a step S3; if the detection sample does not contain the specific element x, the fact that the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine does not reach the critical abrasion state is indicated, and the step S1 is returned.
S3: and stopping the shield machine for overhauling.
Preferably, S2 comprises the following substeps:
s2-1: calcining the waste dregs liquid obtained in the step S3, and removing carbon elements in the waste dregs liquid.
S2-2: adding strong acid into the calcined waste slag soil liquid obtained in the step S2-1, and dissolving the calcined waste slag soil liquid to obtain a sample solution X to be tested containing insoluble impurities Y.
S2-3: and separating the sample solution X to be detected obtained in the step S2-2 from insoluble impurities Y.
S2-4: detecting whether the sample solution X to be detected in the S2-3 contains a specific element X, if the sample solution X to be detected contains the specific element X, indicating that the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine reaches a critical abrasion state, and entering the step S3; if the specific element X is not detected in the sample solution X to be detected, the fact that the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine does not reach the critical abrasion state is indicated, and the step S1 is returned.
Preferably, in order to prevent failure behaviors such as eccentric wear, tipping and fracture of the shield machine hob from occurring, the worker does not perceive the failure behaviors, and in S1, the waste liquid of the ballast soil can be randomly extracted every half an hour to be used as a detection sample, in consideration of the fact that various knife ring failure behaviors are extremely easy to occur in the tunneling process of the shield machine hob.
Preferably, in S2-1, the waste residue and soil obtained in S3 is put into a crucible and then calcined through a muffle furnace.
More preferably, the calcination temperature is not more than 700 ℃ and the calcination time is 3 hours in order to prevent the ingredients in the rock powder from melting during calcination.
Preferably, in order to react the specific element in the calcined waste residue with the strong acid, in S2-2, a sufficient amount of the strong acid should be added to the calcined waste residue obtained in S2-1 to sufficiently dissolve the calcined waste residue.
Preferably, in order to rapidly separate the sample solution X and the insoluble impurities Y, S2-3, the insoluble impurities Y in the sample solution X may be removed by filtration.
Preferably, in order to rapidly detect whether the sample solution X contains the specific element X, S2-4, the detection can be performed by the phenomenon that the specific element X reacts with strong acid.
More preferably, in order to enable the accuracy of the detection result to reach the mg/L level, detecting various specific elements X in different parts of a cutter system of a cutter head of the shield machine, detecting whether a sample solution X to be detected contains the specific elements X or not through a polarization Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer, if the detection result contains the specific elements X, indicating that the parts where the specific elements X are positioned are worn, and entering a step S3; if the detection result does not contain the specific element x, the step S1 is carried out.
The shield tunneling machine cutterhead cutter system and the abrasion warning detection method thereof have the beneficial effects that: the wear state of the cutter system of the shield machine cutterhead can be measured efficiently and economically through rock scraps collected by a tunnel engineering site (a slag-containing soil site and a slag conveying mechanism) of the shield machine, compared with the existing wear detection method of the cutter system of the shield machine cutterhead, the wear state of the cutter system of the shield machine cutterhead is closer to the working condition, the detection of under-pressure cabin opening is not needed, the construction and implementation are easy, and the times of shutdown detection of the shield machine and the dangerous degree of life danger discharge detection borne by workers are greatly reduced; the defect that the effect of detecting the abrasion loss of the hob of the shield machine by the conventional peculiar smell additive method is not obvious due to different tunnel construction environments, particularly muddy water construction environments is overcome. In addition, the wear detection of the parts can be realized by adding specific elements into different parts of the cutter head cutter system, such as a cutter holder, a cutter shaft, an end cover and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutterhead body (including a hobbing seat and a cutter seat) in a cutterhead cutter system of a shield machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the position of the cutter head body with specific elements added after the cutter head body is cut at B-B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly of the hob and the hob seat of the hob in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the position of the roller blade holder of FIG. 3 where a specific element is added;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the hob of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the location of specific elements added to the ring of the hob of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cutters and their seats in the cutterhead cutter system of the shield machine of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the cutter and cutter holder of FIG. 7 with specific elements added thereto;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting wear warning of a cutterhead and cutter system of a shield tunneling machine.
Description of main reference numerals:
| 11 | cutter head main body |
| 12 | Cutter head opening |
| 11-1 | Cutterhead panel |
| 11-2 | Outer cylindrical surface of cutterhead |
| 13 | Rolling tool holder mounting groove |
| 31 | Hob cutter |
| 32 | Rolling knife holder |
| 32-1 | Inner surface |
| 32-2 | Outer end face |
| 61 | Knife shaft |
| 62 | End cap |
| 63 | Knife body |
| 64 | Knife ring |
| 71 | Knife holder |
| 72 | Cutter knife |
| 72-1 | Rake face |
| 73 | Bolt |
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutterhead main body (including a hobbing cutter seat and a cutter seat) in a cutterhead cutter system of a shield machine, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of positions of specific elements added to the cutterhead main body after the cutterhead main body is sectioned at a position B-B in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a cutter body 11 in the cutter system of the shield machine cutter of the present invention includes a cutter opening 12, a cutter holder mounting groove 13, a cutter holder 71, and a cutter panel 11-1. In fig. 2, although the cutter head main body 11 does not directly participate in cutting rock, during the tunneling process of the shield machine, the cutter head panel 11-1 and the cutter head outer cylindrical surface 11-2 inevitably contact with rock of the face to cause abrasion. In fig. 2, in order to warn of excessive wear occurring on the cutterhead body 11, the distance from the outer surface of the cutterhead body 11 on the cutterhead body 11 is greater than h 1 Specifically including an outer surface from the cutterhead face plate 11-1 and a distance greater than h from the cutterhead outer cylindrical surface 11-2 1 Contains specific elements.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly of the hob and its hob seat in FIG. 1.As shown in fig. 3, the hob 31 is mounted on the hob holder 32, the hob holder 32 is mounted in the hob holder mounting groove 13 on the cutterhead body 11, and the hob 31 is pivotally movable on the hob holder 32 for rolling broken rock. In fig. 4, during the process of continuously cutting the rock and soil by the hob 31, the inner surface 32-1 of the hob seat 32 opposite to the hob 31 and the outer end surface 32-2 of the hob opposite to the rock and soil on the face are easily worn by the sliding action of the rock and soil; in order to alert the excessive wear occurring on the roller blade holder 32, the distance from the inner surface 32-1 of the roller blade holder 32 and from the outer end surface 32-2 of the roller blade holder 32 on the roller blade holder 32 is greater than h 2 The inner region of (a), i.e., the hatched region in fig. 4, contains a specific element.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the hob of fig. 3, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of the location of specific elements added to the hob ring of the hob of fig. 5. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the hob 31 in the cutter system of the shield tunneling machine cutterhead in the invention comprises a hob shaft 61, an end cover 62, a cutter body 63 and a cutter ring 64. In fig. 6, the cutter shaft 61 is fixedly supported on the roller holder 32; the cutter body 63 is movably connected with the cutter shaft 61 in the circumferential direction through a bearing; end caps 62 are provided on both sides of the cutter body 63; the knife ring 64 is fastened on the periphery of the knife body 63 through interference fit and rotates along with the knife body 63; except for a cutter ring 64, all the hob are non-cutting elements, such as a cutter shaft 61, an end cover 62 and a cutter body 63, and although the hob is not directly involved in cutting rock and soil, the hob inevitably has the possibility of contacting the rock and soil and is at risk of being worn by the rock and soil, and in order to warn the abrasion phenomenon of the non-cutting elements in the hob, the non-cutting elements in the hob contain specific elements.
Knife ring 64 is a cutting element of a hob, but not the entire knife ring is used to contact and cut rock and soil, but a localized annular region at the periphery, i.e., the non-shaded region of the knife ring as in fig. 6; similarly, to alert the abnormal behavior of extreme wear of the cutter ring in the hob, the cutter ring 64 is located at a distance greater than h from the outer diameter of the cutter ring 64 3 I.e. the hatched area of the knife band as in fig. 6, contains specific elements.
Fig. 7 is an assembly schematic diagram of a cutter 72 and a cutter seat 71 thereof in the cutter head system of the shield machine of fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the position of the cutter 72 and the cutter seat 71 in fig. 7 where specific elements are added. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the cutter 72 is mounted on the cutter seat 71 by a bolt 73, and the cutter seat 71 is mounted on the cutter head main body 11; the cutter seat 71 and the bolt 73 are non-cutting elements; although the cutter seat 71 does not directly participate in cutting the rock, there is inevitably a possibility of contact with the rock and a risk of abrasion by the rock, and the cutter seat 71 contains specific elements in order to warn of the abrasion phenomenon occurring in the cutter seat 71. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the distance from the side of the cutter seat 71 on the same side as the front face 72-1 of the cutter 72 is greater than h 4 I.e. the hatched area on the cutter seat 71 in fig. 8, to which a specific element is added; similar to the cutter ring, the cutters 72 are also cutting elements for cutting rock and soil, but not the cutters are entirely for contacting and cutting rock and soil, but are localized areas located adjacent the nose blade portion; similarly, to alert the abnormal behavior of extreme wear of the cutter 72, the cutter 72 is positioned at a distance greater than h from the tip of the cutter 72 5 I.e. the hatched area of the cutter 72 in fig. 8, contains specific elements.
The following describes a specific embodiment of a cutter head cutter system of a shield machine and a wear warning detection method thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 3, 5 and 7, the invention provides a cutter system of a cutter head of a shield machine, which comprises a cutter head main body, a cutter seat and a cutter, and is characterized by at least one of the following characteristics:
feature 1: the cutter has the advantages that the local area on the cutting element for contacting and cutting the rock and soil does not contain specific elements, and other areas can contain specific elements;
the specific elements are defined as: the element is specific to the detection area to be warned, and the local area of the cutting element for contacting and cutting the rock and soil is not contained, the cut rock and soil (including occurrence environment) is not contained, and the elements such as foaming agent, slurry modifier and the like are not contained in the additives; in this example, the cutter includes a hob for cutting rock and a cutter for cutting soil, wherein:
for hob cutters, i.e. the arbor 61, end cap 62, cutter body 63, and shaded areas of cutter ring 64 in fig. 6 contain specific elements;
for the cutters, i.e., the shaded area of cutter 72 in fig. 8, contains specific elements;
feature 2: the cutterhead main body contains specific elements;
feature 3: the tool apron contains specific elements. In this example, the tool holders include a roller holder 32 and a cutter holder 71, respectively.
Preferably, in feature 1, only a local area of the cutting element not used to contact and cut the rock and soil contains a specific element; for hob cutters, i.e. the hatched area of the cutter ring 64 in fig. 6 contains specific elements; for the cutters, i.e., the shaded area of cutter 72 in fig. 8, contains specific elements;
preferably, in feature 2, only the cutter head body 11 is spaced from the outer surface of the cutter head body 11 by a distance greater than h 1 Specifically including an outer surface from the cutterhead face plate 11-1 and a distance greater than h from the cutterhead outer cylindrical surface 11-2 1 Contains a specific element;
preferably, in feature 3, for the hob seat 32 and the cutter seat 71, respectively:
the distance from the inner surface 32-1 of the holder 32 and from the outer end surface 32-2 of the holder 32 is greater than h on the holder 32 2 The inner region of (a), i.e., the hatched region in fig. 4, contains a specific element;
the distance between the cutter seat 71 and the side surface on the same side as the front cutter surface 72-1 of the cutter 72 is greater than h 4 I.e. the hatched area on the cutter seat 71 in fig. 8, specific elements are added.
More preferably, the specificity of the specific elements is comprehensively considered, so that the method can not only inhibit the rock breaking performance of the hob, but also damage the ecological environment, and therefore, the elements harmless to the ecological environment can be selected.
Preferably, the specific elements contained in the different detection areas to be warned are different from each other.
Preferably, the specific element is selected from copper, tin, aluminum, magnesium. In this case, more specifically, copper, tin, aluminum, magnesium are specific elements of the knife ring, the knife, the hob and the hob respectively.
More specifically, in feature 1: in the case of hob, considering that the cutter ring needs to be replaced after the radial wear reaches a given value, in order to detect the limit wear state of the cutter ring in time, i.e. h in FIG. 6 3 Not less than 23mm; h in FIG. 8 for the cutter 5 Not less than 15mm;
more specifically, in feature 2, h in FIG. 2 1 Not less than 100mm;
more specifically, in feature 3: h in FIG. 4 for the roller blade holder 2 Not less than 10mm; h in FIG. 8 for the cutter holder 5 Not less than 10mm.
As shown in fig. 8, a wear warning detection method for a shield machine cutterhead cutter system used together with the shield machine cutterhead cutter system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: and collecting dregs and soil waste liquid generated during the tunneling of the shield machine as a detection sample.
S2: detecting the detection sample obtained in the step S1, if the detection sample contains a specific element x, indicating that critical abrasion occurs to a cutter system of a cutter head of the shield machine, and entering a step S3; if the detection sample does not contain the specific element x, the fact that the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine does not reach the critical abrasion state is indicated, and the step S1 is returned.
S3: and stopping the shield machine for overhauling.
Preferably, S2 comprises the following substeps:
s2-1: calcining the waste dregs liquid obtained in the step S3, and removing carbon elements in the waste dregs liquid.
S2-2: adding strong acid into the calcined waste slag soil liquid obtained in the step S2-1, and dissolving the calcined waste slag soil liquid to obtain a sample solution X to be tested containing insoluble impurities Y.
S2-3: and separating the sample solution X to be detected obtained in the step S2-2 from insoluble impurities Y.
S2-4: detecting whether the sample solution X to be detected in the S2-3 contains a specific element X, if the sample solution X to be detected contains the specific element X, indicating that the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine reaches a critical abrasion state, and entering the step S3; if the specific element X is not detected in the sample solution X to be detected, the fact that the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine does not reach the critical abrasion state is indicated, and the step S1 is returned.
Preferably, in order to prevent special failure behaviors such as eccentric wear, tipping, breakage and the like of the shield machine hob from occurring, the worker does not perceive the failure behaviors in the shield machine hob tunneling process, and in S1, a sample of the waste liquid of the ballast soil can be randomly extracted every half an hour.
Preferably, in S2-1, the waste residue and soil obtained in S3 is put into a crucible and then calcined through a muffle furnace.
More preferably, the calcination temperature is controlled to be in the range of approximately 700 ℃ but not more than 700 ℃ in order to prevent the ingredients in the rock powder from melting during calcination, and the calcination time is 3 hours.
Preferably, in order to dissolve the specific elements in the calcined waste residue and soil solution smoothly, a sufficient amount of strong acid should be added to the calcined waste residue and soil solution obtained in S2-1 in S2-2 to dissolve the calcined waste residue and soil solution sufficiently.
More specifically, in this example, a sufficient amount of dilute nitric acid solution is added to the calcined waste residue to sufficiently dissolve the calcined waste residue.
Preferably, in order to rapidly separate the sample solution X and the insoluble impurities Y, S2-3, the insoluble impurities Y in the sample solution X may be removed by filtration.
Preferably, in order to rapidly detect whether the sample solution X contains the specific element X, S2-4, the detection can be performed by the phenomenon that the specific element X reacts with strong acid.
More specifically, in this example, copper elements in the hob ring are calcined to become copper oxide, which reacts with the dilute nitric acid solution to generate copper nitrate, and the solution is blue, so that it can be rapidly determined that the hob ring has reached the critical wear state, and the step S3 is performed.
In order to ensure that the accuracy of the detection result reaches the mg/L level, and simultaneously, various specific elements x in different parts of the cutterhead and cutter system are detected. S2-4, detecting whether the sample solution X to be detected contains the specific element X or not through a polarization Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer. For example, the detection result contains specific elements copper and tin, and does not contain specific elements aluminum and magnesium, so that the fact that the cutter ring and the cutter blade of the shield machine reach the limit abrasion state can be judged, the cutter head and the cutter seat do not reach the limit abrasion state, and the step S3 is carried out, and the shield machine is stopped for replacing the cutter.
In summary, according to the shield tunneling machine cutterhead cutter system and the wear warning detection method thereof, specific elements are added into the parts of the cutterhead cutter system, for example, different specific elements are added into different parts such as a hob seat, a hob ring, a hob seat, a cutter and the like, so that the wear detection of the parts can be realized. When the method is used, the abrasion detection of the parts can be rapidly realized according to the reaction phenomenon of the specific element added in the parts and the strong acid, for example, copper nitrate is generated after the copper oxide which is changed into the copper oxide after the specific element in the hob ring is calcined reacts with the dilute nitric acid solution, the solution is blue, and the situation that the hob ring reaches the critical abrasion state can be rapidly judged; the number of times of shutdown inspection of the shield machine and the dangerous degree of the personnel for life dangerous discharge inspection can be greatly reduced.
The above description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications, changes or equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The wear warning detection method for the cutter system of the cutter head of the shield machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: specific elements are added into a cutter system of a shield machine cutter head, which comprises a cutter head main body, a cutter seat and a cutter, so that the shield machine cutter head has at least one of the following characteristics:
feature 1: the cutter has the advantages that the local area of the cutting element for contacting and cutting the rock and soil does not contain specific elements, and other areas contain specific elements;
feature 2: the cutterhead main body contains specific elements;
feature 3: the tool apron contains specific elements;
in the feature 1, only a local area on the cutting element not used for contacting and cutting the rock and soil contains a specific element;
in the feature 2, only the inner area, which is on the cutter head main body and has a distance from the outer surface of the cutter head main body greater than h1, contains specific elements;
step two: s1: collecting dregs and soil waste liquid generated during the tunneling of the shield machine as a detection sample; s2: detecting the detection sample obtained in the step S1, and if the detection sample contains a specific element x, entering a step S3; if the detection sample does not contain the specific element x, returning to the step S1; s3: and stopping the shield machine for overhauling.
2. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter system of a cutter head of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the specific elements are copper, tin, aluminum and magnesium.
3. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter system of a cutter head of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the specific elements contained in different detection areas to be warned on the cutter head main body, the cutter seat and the cutter are different from each other.
4. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter system of a cutter head of a shield machine according to claim 2, wherein the step of S2 comprises the steps of:
s2-1: calcining the waste dregs liquid obtained in the step S1, and removing carbon elements in the waste dregs liquid;
s2-2: adding strong acid into the calcined waste slag soil liquid obtained in the step S2-1, and dissolving the calcined waste slag soil liquid to obtain a sample solution X to be tested containing insoluble impurities Y;
s2-3: separating the sample solution X to be detected obtained in the step S2-2 from insoluble impurities Y;
s2-4: detecting whether the sample solution X to be detected in the step S2-3 contains a specific element X, and if the sample solution X to be detected contains the specific element X, entering the step S3; if the specific element X is not detected in the sample solution X to be detected, returning to step S1.
5. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter head and a cutter system of a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the waste dregs and the waste liquid are randomly extracted every half an hour as detection samples.
6. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter head and a cutter system of a shield machine according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2-1, the calcination temperature is not more than 700 ℃ and the calcination time is 3 hours.
7. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter head and a cutter system of a shield tunneling machine according to claim 4, wherein in S2-2, dilute nitric acid solution is added into the calcined waste slag soil solution, and the wear state of the part in which the copper element is positioned is rapidly judged by observing that the dilute nitric acid solution is blue with a solution obtained by reacting the dilute nitric acid solution with copper oxide which is changed into copper oxide after the calcination.
8. The method for detecting wear warning of a cutter head and a cutter system of a shield tunneling machine according to claim 4, wherein in S2-4, whether the sample solution X to be detected contains a specific element X or not is detected by a polarization Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer, and if the detection result contains the specific element X, the step S3 is entered; if the detection result does not contain the specific element x, the process proceeds to step S1.
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