CN113502890A - Water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for catchment area - Google Patents
Water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for catchment area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113502890A CN113502890A CN202110772064.3A CN202110772064A CN113502890A CN 113502890 A CN113502890 A CN 113502890A CN 202110772064 A CN202110772064 A CN 202110772064A CN 113502890 A CN113502890 A CN 113502890A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
- E03F5/103—Naturals or landscape retention bodies, e.g. ponds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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Abstract
The invention provides a water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. The water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for the catchment area comprises a slope, a catchment ditch, vegetation, check houses, filtering facilities, a diversion channel and a drainage ditch, wherein the slope and the catchment ditch cover the vegetation and can improve the water content of soil; building check dam in the catchment ditch, stabilizing slope toe, retaining silt and reducing runoff speed; the filtering facilities are arranged at the confluence of the water collecting area so as to reduce water and soil loss and purify water. This water-collecting zone soil and water conservation ecological remediation system can intercept the rainfall runoff of water-collecting zone, improves soil infiltration performance, and the soil water content increases, and afforestation vegetation coverage improves simultaneously, increases underlay surface roughness, reduces the runoff speed, and the runoff peak value reduces, weakens the scouring ability of runoff, improves water source conservation ability, reduces soil erosion and water loss, and alleviates runoff non-point source through the interception and filtration effect and pollute, and it is effectual to keep water solid soil slow flow purifying effect, improves the utilization ratio of water resource.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area.
Background
The water collecting area is a topographic unit for rainwater convergence and concentration, any stream or valley can be used as the water collecting area, and only the difference of the size exists. The water collection area can be divided into a forest water collection area, an agricultural land water collection area, an agricultural and forestry mixed water collection area and a multi-target water collection area according to the land utilization type. Factors affecting the hydrological phenomenon of a catchment area include geology, topography, weather (energy, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration), soil, vegetation, animals, humans, etc., which interact with each other. The influence of topography is with the slope as the biggest, and the different catchment areas of slope have the difference of hydrology characteristic. Soil is the main storage place for water and is also the root for plant growth. The texture, structure and pore canal size of the soil, and the water storage and filtration effects of the water conductivity and water retention among plant root system layers are obvious. The material and energy flow in the water-collecting area ecosystem is mainly carried out by means of water circulation. The water circulation process mainly comprises precipitation of the earth surface at different periods, retaining action of vegetation, soil infiltration, formation of surface runoff, a circulation process of water between land and sea and the like.
In recent years, the water and soil loss condition in a water collecting area is worried, on one hand, the serious water and soil loss causes the waste of valuable water resources, and on the other hand, a large amount of silt is deposited in a reservoir, so that the water quality is seriously polluted. Therefore, the water and soil loss condition of the water collecting area must be aimed at, and the ecological environment engineering construction aiming at protecting the water source is strengthened.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a water collection area, which can intercept rainfall runoff of the water collection area, reduce the peak value of the runoff, weaken the scouring capacity of the runoff, increase soil infiltration, improve the water content of the soil, reduce water and soil loss and solve at least one of the problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area, which comprises a slope, a catchment ditch, vegetation, a check dam, a filtering facility, a diversion channel and a drainage ditch;
the slope and the catchment ditch are covered with vegetation; building check dam in the catchment ditch; the filtering facilities, the diversion channel and the drainage ditch are connected in sequence; the filtering facilities are arranged at the confluence of the water collecting areas.
As a further technical scheme, the water collecting area adopts engineering measures to level the land.
As a further aspect, the vegetation includes at least one of trees, shrubs, or herbs.
As a further technical scheme, the slope comprises a steep slope, a gentle slope and a slope toe;
the gradient of the steep slope is more than 15-35 degrees;
the gradient of the slope is more than 5 degrees to 15 degrees;
the gradient of the gentle slope is more than 2 degrees to 5 degrees;
the slope of toe is 0 ~ 2.
As a further technical scheme, water and soil conservation plants are planted on the steep slope;
the water and soil conservation plants comprise Lespedeza bicolor and/or Cynodon dactylon;
preferably, a nutrition hole is arranged on the steep slope, and Lespedeza bicolor and/or Cynodon dactylon are planted on the nutrition hole;
preferably, the nutritional holes are made with earth auger.
As a further technical scheme, water and soil conservation arbor and shrub grass is planted on the slope and the gentle slope;
the water and soil conservation arbor and shrub comprises at least one of Cinnamomum camphora, cortex Meliae, Sapium sebiferum, Lespedeza bicolor, amorpha fruticosa, fructus Rubi, flos Magnoliae or Caragana korshinskii.
Preferably, a horizontal ditch is arranged on the slope, and the soil conservation arbor and shrub and/or the water and soil conservation herbaceous plant is sown on the horizontal ditch;
the water and soil conservation herbaceous plant is at least one of Bermuda grass, tall fescue, bermuda grass, bluegrass, ryegrass and paradise.
As a further technical scheme, drought-resistant and water-resistant plants are planted in the slope toe and the catchment ditch;
the drought-resistant and water-moisture-resistant plant comprises at least one of lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, salix matsudana, tamarix chinensis, salix integra, erythrina indica, clover, paspalum natans, centipede grass, bermuda grass or vetiver grass.
As a further technical scheme, the check dam is mainly built by pervious concrete blocks;
preferably, the pervious concrete building block is prepared by screening and crushing construction wastes into recycled aggregates and adding zeolite powder;
gravel or broken stones are paved in the check dam.
As a further technical scheme, the filtering facility is provided with a substrate filtering layer;
the substrate filtering layer is sequentially provided with a vegetable layer, a planting soil layer, a zeolite layer, a ceramsite layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom, or the substrate filtering layer is sequentially provided with the gravel layer, the ceramsite layer and the zeolite layer along the water flow direction.
As a further technical scheme, the device also comprises a water storage tank;
preferably, the diverter channel diverts water flowing through the filter apparatus into a reservoir or drain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for the catchment area comprises a slope, a catchment ditch, vegetation, check houses, filtering facilities, a diversion channel and a drainage ditch, wherein the slope and the catchment ditch cover the vegetation and can improve the water content of soil; the water collecting ditch can be built with check dam by zeolite powder-doped pervious concrete blocks, so that the runoff speed is reduced, and the zeolite powder doped in the pervious concrete blocks can well remove nitrogen-containing pollutants in runoff rainwater; the filtering facilities, the shunt channel and the drainage channel are sequentially connected, and the filtering facilities are arranged at the confluence part of the water collecting area so as to reduce water and soil loss and purify water. This water-collecting zone soil and water conservation ecological remediation system can intercept the rainfall runoff of water-collecting zone, increases soil infiltration, improves the soil water content, improves the utilization ratio of water resource, and afforestation vegetation coverage improves simultaneously, has increased the underlying surface roughness, reduces the runoff speed, and soil infiltration performance improves, reduces the runoff peak value, weakens the scouring ability of runoff, improves water source conservation ability, reduces soil erosion, alleviates the non-point source through the interception filter effect and pollutes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a soil weight box diagram of a control area and a remediation area;
FIG. 3 is a soil hydraulic conductivity box diagram of a control area and a remediation area;
FIG. 4 shows the soil volume weight of each soil layer of the slope and the trench in the contrast area and the restoration area;
FIG. 5 shows the soil hydraulic conductivity of the slope and the trench of the contrast area and the restoration area;
FIG. 6 shows the soil unit weight of each soil layer of different remediation measures;
FIG. 7 shows the soil hydraulic conductivity of each soil layer of different remediation measures.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those who do not specify the conditions are performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area, which comprises a slope, a catchment ditch, vegetation, a check dam, a filtering facility, a diversion channel and a drainage ditch;
the slope and the catchment ditch are covered with vegetation, so that the water content of the soil can be improved; building check dam in the water collecting ditch to reduce runoff speed; the filtering facilities, the diversion channel and the drainage ditch are connected in sequence; the filtering facilities are arranged at the confluence of the water collecting areas so as to reduce water loss and soil erosion.
In the invention, the flow direction of the water flow in the water collection area can be, for example, that after a rain falls, rainwater flows from the top to the bottom along the water collection ditch, and flows out after sequentially flowing through the check dam, the filtering facility and the drainage ditch. Wherein, the catchment ditch is because of topographic factor, and the runoff flows to low place from the eminence and forms naturally.
The water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for the water-collecting area can intercept rainfall runoff of the water-collecting area, increase soil infiltration, improve the water content of soil, improve the utilization rate of water resources, improve the coverage rate of greening vegetation, increase the roughness of an underlying surface, reduce the runoff speed, improve the soil infiltration performance, reduce the runoff peak value, weaken the scouring capacity of runoff, improve the water conservation capacity, reduce water and soil loss and reduce surface source pollution through the filtration action.
In some preferred embodiments, the water collecting area adopts engineering measures to level the land, and the leveled land is beneficial to subsequent construction and reconstruction.
In some preferred embodiments, the vegetation measures include a combination of arbor and bush multi-layered vegetation and community diversification optimization. The vegetation includes at least one of trees, shrubs, or herbs, and may be, for example, trees, shrubs, herbs, trees + shrubs + grasses, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments, the slope includes a steep slope, a sloping slope, a gentle slope, and a toe;
the gradient of the steep slope is more than 15-35 degrees;
the gradient of the slope is more than 5 degrees to 15 degrees;
the gradient of the gentle slope is more than 2 degrees to 5 degrees;
the slope of toe is 0 ~ 2.
In some preferred embodiments, soil and water conservation plants are planted on the steep slope;
such soil and water retaining plants include, but are not limited to, lespedeza and/or bermuda grass, or other soil and water retaining plants known to those skilled in the art.
Preferably, a nutrition hole is arranged on the steep slope, and Lespedeza bicolor and/or Cynodon dactylon are planted on the nutrition hole.
Preferably, the nutritional holes are made with earth auger. The soil drill is used for digging the nutrition holes, so that the disturbance to the soil surface layer in the hole digging process is reduced, and the soil surface layer is prevented from being damaged.
In some preferred embodiments, the slopes and gentle slopes are planted with soil and water retaining arbor grasses;
the water and soil conservation arbor and shrub herb comprises at least one of, but not limited to, camphor, chinaberry, Chinese tallow tree, lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, acantha, raspberry, magnolia multiflora or caragana microphylla.
Preferably, a horizontal ditch is arranged on the slope, and the soil conservation arbor and shrub and/or the water and soil conservation herbaceous plant is sown on the horizontal ditch;
the water and soil conservation herbaceous plant is at least one of Bermuda grass, tall fescue, bermuda grass, bluegrass, ryegrass and paradise.
In some preferred embodiments, the footwells and catchment ditches are planted with plants that are drought-resistant and water-resistant.
The drought and moisture tolerant plants include, but are not limited to, at least one of lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, salix matsudana, tamarix chinensis, salix integra, erythrina variegata, clover, paspalum, centipede, bermuda grass, or vetiver grass.
Preferably, the check dam is built by building blocks made of pervious concrete prepared by screening and crushing construction wastes into recycled aggregates and adding zeolite powder.
Gravel or broken stone is paved in the check dam, and the check dam is permeable to water and impermeable to sand.
In some preferred embodiments, the filtering device is provided with a substrate filtering layer for intercepting soil and avoiding water and soil loss.
The substrate filtering layer is sequentially provided with a vegetable layer, a planting soil layer, a zeolite layer, a ceramsite layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom, or the substrate filtering layer is sequentially provided with the gravel layer, the ceramsite layer and the zeolite layer along the water flow direction.
In some preferred embodiments, the rainwater storage device further comprises a water storage tank for collecting and storing rainwater for reuse.
Preferably, the diversion channel splits the water flowing through the filtration device into one-half or one-quarter diversion according to the size of the catchment area, and flows the water into the reservoir or the drain.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
A water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a water-collecting area comprises a slope and a water-collecting ditch, vegetation, check dam, a filtering facility, a diversion channel, a drainage ditch and a reservoir, as shown in figure 1.
In the embodiment, the land is leveled by adopting engineering measures in the catchment area, the vegetation measures corresponding to the slope greening soil quality condition are used for planting trees and grass, the vegetation measures comprise diversified optimization combination of arbor-shrub multilayer vegetation and communities, the slope with the angle larger than 15 degrees is drilled with soil to form nutrition holes for planting shrub lespedeza, the slope with the angle smaller than or equal to 15 degrees and the gentle slope are drilled with horizontal ditches for planting shrubs and herbs, the slope comprises lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, bermuda and the like, the permeable concrete blocks doped with zeolite powder are adopted in the catchment ditches for constructing the check dam, and gravel, permeable and sand and impermeable water are paved in the check dam. Plants which are drought-resistant and water-wet-resistant are planted in the catchment ditches and slope feet, the mode of arbor + shrub + herbaceous plants, camphor, chinaberry, Chinese tallow tree, lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, erythrina indica, clover, common camptotheca herb, centipede grass, bermuda grass, vetiver grass and the like are planted in the catchment ditches and the slope feet.
In this embodiment, the filtering facility is provided with a substrate filtering layer, and plants (drought-resistant and moisture-resistant plants such as clover, paspalum herb, centipede grass and the like), a planting soil layer, a zeolite layer, a ceramsite layer and a gravel layer are arranged from top to bottom.
In this embodiment, the diversion canal adopts the quarter reposition of redundant personnel according to the catchment area size, and the reposition of redundant personnel runoff flows into the cistern, and the rest flows into the escape canal.
In this embodiment, the cistern is collected the storage rainwater and is recycled.
Comparative example 1
A water collection area without adopting a restoration measure.
Test example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the remediation water-collecting area (remediation area) of the present embodiment and the contrast water-collecting area (contrast area) provided in comparative example 1 are respectively used for collecting soil samples, typical representative sampling points are selected for sampling according to the positions of the up-slope sampling points, the down-slope sampling points, the up-ditch sampling points, the middle-ditch sampling points and the down-ditch sampling points, and 6 sampling points are collected for each group of samples in the contrast water-collecting area; collecting 3 groups of samples on the slope, in the slope, under the slope, on the ditch, in the ditch and under the ditch of the restoration water collecting area respectively, selecting 18 sample points, and contrasting the water collecting area with the restoration water collecting area to totally 24 sample points. Each sample point is divided into 3 levels (0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm), and a cutting ring (diameter 5cm and height 5cm) is used for collecting 72 undisturbed soil samples for measuring the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the volume weight of the soil. The volume weight of the soil is measured by a drying method, and the saturated water conductivity (Ks) of the soil is measured by a water head fixing method.
It should be noted that, in the collection of 18 sampling points on the slope, in the slope, under the slope, on the ditch, in the ditch and under the ditch in the restoration area, 3 types of sampling are divided according to the vegetation coverage condition of the restoration water collection area: 1) sparse shrub growing positions without canopy closure of trees are shrub and grass sampling points; 2) a sample point without shrubs near the arbor is an arbor sampling point; 3) and shrubs are distributed under the arbor, and the sampling points for arranging the check dam are arbor shrub and check dam sampling points. And avoiding the influence of the tree root on the arbor as much as possible when selecting the sampling points.
A water head fixing method: the recovered soil sample was weighed and placed in a tray for 48 hours to saturate the water, at 1/2 the water level was at the height of the cutting ring. Before the experiment, the water head is adjusted, and the saturated soil sample is put into a soil chamber of the tester and starts to be tested. And starting timing after the water flow stably flows out, measuring the water yield once every three minutes for three times, calculating an average value, and calculating the saturated hydraulic conductivity after the measurement is finished.
The test results are shown in tables 1 to 7 and fig. 2 to 7.
TABLE 1 soil volume weight and water conductivity of contrast zone and remediation zone
TABLE 2 soil volume weight and water conductivity of slope and channel in contrast area and restoration area
TABLE 3 soil volume weight and water conductivity of different repairing measures
The data for the control zone and repair zone samples were averaged, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 2 and 3. It can be seen that the volume weight of the soil in the water-collecting area is restored (1.28 g/cm)3) Is generally smaller than the control area (1.36 g/cm)3) The average saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks of the restoration water collecting area is 2.49mm/min, which is improved by 36.81 percent (table 1, figure 2 and figure 3) compared with the average saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks (1.82mm/min) of the comparison area, and particularly, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of the restoration area channel (the average Ks is 2.79mm/min) (table 2) and the arbor shrub and millet house part (the average Ks is 2.96mm/min) is improved most obviously (table 3). Ks sequences of different types of sample points in the sample plot of the restoration catchment area are arbor shrub grass and check dam (2.96mm/min)>Arbor (2.60mm/min)>Shrubs (2.19mm/min) (Table 3) show that arbor, shrub and millet house have significant improvement effect on soil permeability.
TABLE 4 soil unit weight of slope and trench in contrast area and restoration area
TABLE 5 soil hydraulic conductivity of slope and trench soil in contrast area and restoration area
TABLE 6 soil unit weight of each soil layer by different remediation measures
TABLE 7 soil hydraulic conductivity of various soil layers of different remediation measures
Comparing the unit weight of soil layers of the control area before and after restoration and the restoration area (table 4, figure 4), the unit weight of the soil on the slope of the restoration area is less changed compared with that of the control area, the unit weight of the soil on the trench of the restoration area is obviously reduced, and the unit weight is gradually increased along with the increase of the soil depth. Compared with the saturated hydraulic conductivity of each soil layer of the control area and the repair area before and after repair (table 5 and fig. 5), the Ks of the soil from the surface layer to the depth of 60cm is gradually reduced, the Ks of the repair area is improved compared with that of the control area, and the Ks of the channel of the repair area is obviously improved. The Ks difference of each level of the restoration zone is small, the Ks of each level of the restoration zone is significantly improved compared with that of the control zone, and the Ks of each level of the trench of the restoration zone is higher than that of the slope soil, probably because the organic matter content of the soil with dry branches and fallen leaves in the trench is relatively high (table 5, fig. 5). And from different remediation measures (figure 6, table 6), the volume weight of the soil in the remediation area is reduced compared with that in the contrast area, the volume weight of the soil in the mode of arbor, shrub and millet house is reduced remarkably, which shows that the remediation measures can improve the physical characteristics of the soil, the effect of the surface soil is more remarkable, the Ks of the soil in the mode of arbor, shrub and millet house is improved most remarkably (figure 7, table 7), the volume weight of the soil is improved mainly in the soil layer of 0-20cm, which is respectively improved by 67.74%, 30.94% and 24.66% compared with that in the contrast area, shrub and arbor house, which shows that the arbor, shrub and millet house composite mode combines the engineering measures to improve the permeability of the soil remarkably, the remediation measures can intercept rainfall runoff in the catchment area, increase the infiltration of the soil, improve the water content of the soil, improve the utilization rate of water resources, improve the coverage rate of greening vegetation, increase the roughness of the underlying cushion, reduce the runoff speed, the infiltration performance of the repaired soil is improved by more than 30 percent, the runoff peak value is reduced, the scouring capability of runoff is weakened, the water conservation capability is improved, the water and soil loss is reduced, and the non-point source pollution is reduced through the interception and filtration effect.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water and soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area is characterized by comprising a slope, a catchment ditch, vegetation, a check dam, a filtering facility, a diversion channel and a drainage ditch;
the slope and the catchment ditch are covered with vegetation; building check dam in the catchment ditch; the filtering facilities, the diversion channel and the drainage ditch are connected in sequence; the filtering facilities are arranged at the confluence of the water collecting areas.
2. The water-soil conservation ecological restoration system for a catchment area according to claim 1, wherein the catchment area adopts engineering measures to level the land.
3. The water-and-soil conservation ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation comprises at least one of trees, shrubs or herbs.
4. The water-collection area water and soil conservation ecological remediation system of claim 1 wherein the slope comprises a steep slope, a sloping slope, a gentle slope and a toe;
the gradient of the steep slope is more than 15-35 degrees;
the gradient of the slope is more than 5 degrees to 15 degrees;
the gradient of the gentle slope is more than 2 degrees to 5 degrees;
the slope of toe is 0 ~ 2.
5. The water-and-soil-retaining ecological restoration system for a water collection area according to claim 4, wherein water-and-soil-retaining plants are planted on the steep slope;
the water and soil conservation plants comprise Lespedeza bicolor and/or Cynodon dactylon;
preferably, a nutrition hole is arranged on the steep slope, and Lespedeza bicolor and/or Cynodon dactylon are planted on the nutrition hole;
preferably, the nutritional holes are made with earth auger.
6. The water-soil conservation ecological restoration system for a water-collecting area according to claim 4, wherein the slope and the gentle slope plant water-soil conservation arbor and shrub grass;
the water and soil conservation arbor and shrub comprises at least one of Cinnamomum camphora, cortex Meliae, Sapium sebiferum, Lespedeza bicolor, amorpha fruticosa, fructus Rubi, flos Magnoliae or Caragana korshinskii.
Preferably, a horizontal ditch is arranged on the slope, and the soil conservation arbor and shrub and/or the water and soil conservation herbaceous plant is sown on the horizontal ditch;
the water and soil conservation herbaceous plant is at least one of Bermuda grass, tall fescue, bermuda grass, bluegrass, ryegrass and paradise.
7. The water-and-soil-conservation ecological restoration system for a water-collecting area according to claim 4, wherein the slope toe and the water-collecting ditch are planted with plants resistant to drought and water humidity;
the drought-resistant and water-moisture-resistant plant comprises at least one of lespedeza, amorpha fruticosa, salix matsudana, tamarix chinensis, salix integra, erythrina indica, clover, paspalum natans, centipede grass, bermuda grass or vetiver grass.
8. The water-soil conservation ecological restoration system for a water-collecting area according to claim 1, wherein the check dam is mainly built by pervious concrete blocks;
preferably, the pervious concrete building block is prepared by screening and crushing construction wastes into recycled aggregates and adding zeolite powder;
gravel or broken stones are paved in the check dam.
9. The water-soil conservation ecological restoration system for the water collection area according to claim 1, wherein the filtering facilities are provided with a substrate filtering layer;
the substrate filtering layer is sequentially provided with a vegetable layer, a planting soil layer, a zeolite layer, a ceramsite layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom, or the substrate filtering layer is sequentially provided with the gravel layer, the ceramsite layer and the zeolite layer along the water flow direction.
10. The water-soil conservation ecological restoration system for the water collection area according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a reservoir;
preferably, the diverter channel diverts water flowing through the filter apparatus into a reservoir or drain.
Priority Applications (1)
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