CN113502549B - Melt-blown spinning assembly - Google Patents
Melt-blown spinning assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN113502549B CN113502549B CN202110589075.8A CN202110589075A CN113502549B CN 113502549 B CN113502549 B CN 113502549B CN 202110589075 A CN202110589075 A CN 202110589075A CN 113502549 B CN113502549 B CN 113502549B
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- melt
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- slow cooling
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- spinneret
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a melt-blown spinning assembly which comprises a spinneret plate, a slow cooling plate, a heater and an air plate; a forming airflow pipe is arranged between the spinneret plate and the slow cooling plate; a stretching airflow slit is arranged between the slow cooling plate and the air plate; the slow cooling plate is provided with a slow cooling stretching area below a spinneret orifice of the spinneret plate; meanwhile, after dry hot air input through the forming air flow pipe enters the stretching area through the air flow slit, the melt stream is driven to rush through the melt stretching outlet, meanwhile, high-speed hot air output from the stretching air flow slit becomes high-speed hot air after passing through the narrower stretching air flow outlet, and the high-speed hot air drives the melt stream sent out from the melt stretching outlet to accelerate downwards, so that high-power melt stretching of the melt stream is completed. The diameter of the prepared fiber can reach 0.8-2.2 microns, and the prepared fiber has good fineness uniformity. The method has simple and easy process route, is suitable for raw materials with various viscosities, and the prepared superfine fiber has excellent performance and better market value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superfine fiber non-woven fabric production, in particular to a production method of a die head for melt-blown spinning.
Background
The melt-blown spinning is a spinning method for directly stretching and refining melt after the melt is discharged out of a spinneret orifice by high-speed hot air, and the fibers sprayed out of the spinning method are directly received by a screen curtain, a receiving cylinder and the like to form a functional melt-blown non-woven fabric or a filtering material and the like.
The conventional melt-blown spinning adopts high polymer materials with small molecular weight, low viscosity and good fluidity as raw materials, and can realize higher spinning head drawing under the action of high-speed airflow due to good fluidity and stretchability of a melt, thereby obtaining fibers with smaller fineness. The fineness of the fibers has a large influence on the porosity of the prepared non-woven fabric or the filtering material, and the finer the fiber diameter is, the smaller the porosity is, and the higher the filtering precision is. However, the conventional spinneret plate is adopted, and raw materials with small molecular weight and good fluidity are required to obtain thinner fibers, so that the strength and the rigidity of the fibers are low, and further, the pressure resistance and the tensile strength of the prepared non-woven fabric or filter material are low, and the application field of the non-woven fabric or filter material is limited.
The conventional spinneret plate for melt-blown spinning is shown in fig. 2, and is a simple air jet drawing structure consisting of only a spinneret plate and an air plate, wherein spinneret orifices arranged in a straight line are densely distributed on the spinneret plate, and an air outlet of the air plate is adjacent to an orifice of the spinneret plate and is in a straight line shape. When spinning, the melt fine flow is spun out through a spinning hole and then stretched, thinned and cooled under the action of air flow blowing force to obtain thinner fibers. Because the structure is simple, the melt is directly cooled in the air at room temperature after being extruded, and although the stretching air flow is hot air, the strand silk is cooled more quickly due to the extremely quick direct heat exchange with the environment; meanwhile, the speed of the air flow sprayed out of the slit is suddenly reduced, so that the stretching force of the air flow to the fiber is limited, and when the air flow meets the raw materials with higher molecular weight or higher viscosity, the stretching is difficult to complete, and the spinning preparation of the high-strength superfine fiber is realized.
Through design modification of a spinning die head, application of raw materials with relatively high molecular weight is realized, and the strength of fibers is further improved, which becomes a hot point of research in the field of melt-blown spinning. The melt index of the conventional melt-blowing raw material such as polypropylene is between 800 and 2000g/10min, while the melt-blowing of superfine fibers is difficult to realize due to the high molecular weight of the raw material, wherein the high molecular weight polymer refers to polyester with the intrinsic viscosity of more than 0.7, nylon with the relative viscosity of more than 2.4, or polyolefin polymer with the melt index of less than 50g/10min, which are conventional raw materials for melt-spinning, but cannot realize the preparation of superfine fibers by using conventional melt-blowing die head equipment due to the high melt viscosity. The viscosity or melting means that the fiber strength can be high only if the molecular weight of the raw material is large, which corresponds to the molecular weight of the raw material. But because the design is unreasonable or the equipment is complicated and the operation is complex, the method is applied to industrialization. Thus, no suitable high molecular weight polymeric ultrafine meltblown fibers have been seen.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design scheme of a melt-blown spinning assembly, which can realize the high-efficiency processing of superfine fibers of high molecular weight high polymer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a melt-blown spinning assembly consists of a spinneret plate, a slow cooling plate, a heater and an air plate; a forming airflow pipe is arranged between the spinneret plate and the slow cooling plate; a stretching airflow slit is arranged between the slow cooling plate and the air plate; the slow cooling plate is provided with a slow cooling stretching area below a spinneret orifice of the spinneret plate.
The diameter of the spinneret orifice of the melt-blown spinning assembly is 0.12-0.35 mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the spinneret orifice is 2-15. Preferably, the diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.15-0.25 mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the spinneret orifice is 3-12.
The width of an air flow slit between a spinneret plate and a slow cooling plate of the melt-blown spinning component is 0.2-1.2 mm; the height h1 of the melt stretching area below the spinneret holes is 50-200 mm. Preferably, the width of the air flow slit between the spinneret plate and the slow cooling plate is 0.22-0.9 mm; the height h1= 60-150 mm of the melt stretching zone below the spinneret holes.
The slow cooling plates of the melt-blown spinning assembly are two blocks which are symmetrical left and right, a stretching area is formed between the two blocks, and the width L5 of a melt trickle inlet is 4-12 mm; wherein the width L4 of the melt stretching area is 13-50 mm; the width L1 of a melt stretching-out opening is 11-20 mm; and L4/L1=1.25 to 2. Preferably, the slow cooling plates are two blocks which are symmetrical left and right, a stretching area is formed between the two blocks, and the width L5 of a melt trickle inlet of the slow cooling plates is 4-10mm; wherein the width L4 of the melt stretching area is 13-40 mm; the width L1 of a melt stretching-out opening is 11-15 mm; and L4/L1=5=1.25 to 1.7.
The melt-blown spinning assembly comprises two air plates which are bilaterally symmetrical, the width L2 of an outlet of a tow acceleration area formed between the two air plates is 5-25mm, and the width L3 of a stretching airflow outlet formed by the air plates and the slow cooling plate is 0.5-5 mm. Preferably, the outlet width L2 of the 14 tow acceleration region formed between the two bilaterally symmetrical air plates is 6-20mm.
The height of the gas plate of the melt-blown spinning assembly is 100-300 mm, and preferably 110-200 mm.
The concrete description is as follows:
the melt-blown spinning assembly of the invention as shown in fig. 1 comprises a spinneret plate 5, a slow cooling plate 6, a heater 7 and a gas plate 8 group; a forming airflow pipe 3 is arranged between the spinneret plate 5 and the slow cooling plate 6; a stretching air flow slit 4 is provided between the slow cooling plate 6 and the air plate 8. The slow cooling plate is provided with a slow cooling stretching area 16 below a spinneret orifice of the spinneret plate.
The diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.12-0.35 mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the spinneret orifice is 2-15; preferably, the diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.15-0.25 mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the spinneret orifice is 3-12.
The width of an air flow slit 2 between the spinneret plate and the slow cooling plate is 0.2-1.2 mm, and the preferable width of the slit is 0.22-0.9 mm; the height h1 of a 9-region melt stretching region below the spinneret plate hole is = 50-200 mm; preferably the melt draw zone height is 60 to 150mm.
The slow cooling plates 6 are symmetrically arranged at the left and the right, a stretching area 16 is formed between the two slow cooling plates, and the width L5 of a melt trickle inlet 11 is 4-12 mm, preferably 4-10mm; wherein the width L4 of the 12 region of the melt stretching region is 13-24 mm; preferably 13 to 20mm in width; the width L1 of a melt stretching-out opening 13 is 11-20 mm, preferably 11-15 mm; and L4/L1= 1.25-2, preferably L4/L5= 1.25-1.7.
The tow accelerating device is characterized in that the air plates 8 are symmetrically arranged at left and right, the outlet width L2 of a tow accelerating area 14 formed between the two air plates is 5-25mm, preferably 6-20mm, and the outlet width L3 of a stretching air flow 15 formed by the air plates and the slow cooling plates is 0.5-5 mm. The height of the gas plate is 100 to 300mm, preferably 110 to 200mm.
The melt-blown spinning assembly is used in the following process, a melt enters a stretching area 16 formed by a slow cooling plate 6 after passing through a spinneret orifice 1, simultaneously, dry hot air input through a forming air flow pipe 3 enters the stretching area 16 through an air flow slit 2 to drive a melt trickle to pass through a melt 13 stretching outlet, simultaneously, high-speed hot air output from a stretching air flow slit 4 becomes high-speed hot air after passing through a narrower stretching air flow outlet 15, and the high-speed hot air drives the melt trickle sent out through a melt 12 stretching outlet to accelerate downwards, so that high-power melt stretching of the melt trickle is completed.
The invention discloses a melt-blown spinning assembly, which adopts the principle of melt spinning and airflow stretching, and a slow cooling stretching area is arranged at a spinneret orifice, so that high-speed airflow stretching of high-viscosity melt can be realized, further, fibers with high strength and small fineness can be obtained, the diameter of the prepared fibers can reach 0.8-2.2 microns, and the fineness uniformity of the prepared fibers is good. The method has simple and easy process route, is suitable for raw materials with various viscosities, and the prepared superfine fiber has excellent performance and better market value.
In the invention, the melt can still keep the melt state in the stretching area formed by the slow cooling plate 6 heated by the heater 7 after the melt flows out of the spinneret orifice due to higher temperature, thereby meeting the requirement of melt stretching, which is the key part of the invention. In addition, the high-speed hot air flow rushed out from the stretching air flow outlet 15 and the high-speed hot air flow rushed out from the air flow slit 2 have the combined force to perform high-power stretching on the melt trickle, which is another key function realized by the device. The arrangement of the two key components is the key for ensuring that the melt-blown spinning assembly can be utilized to realize the preparation of fibers with higher fineness and higher strength by using high molecular weight materials.
The melt-blown spinning assembly is adopted to prepare the melt-blown non-woven fabric of the fiber-forming polymer, and due to the existence of the slow-cooling plate, the melt trickle can be more fully stretched after being discharged out of a spinneret orifice, so that the higher drafting ratio is achieved, the fiber fineness in the prepared non-woven fabric can reach below 1 micron, the breaking strength of the fiber can reach the similar strength of the conventional spinning fiber, for example, the strength of the polyethylene terephthalate melt-blown fabric can reach above 3.1cN/dtex, the strength of the polypropylene fiber can reach above 4.0cN/dtex, the melt-blown non-woven fabric can also be suitable for preparing the melt-blown non-woven fabrics of other fiber-forming polymers, and the raw material applicability is wide. Moreover, the melt-blown spinning assembly is adopted to prepare the non-woven fabric, so that the strength of the obtained non-woven fabric product can be greatly improved, and the application field of the melt-blown non-woven fabric can be expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the cross-sectional structure of the melt-blown spinning assembly is schematic;
FIG. 2: the cross-sectional structure of the prior art melt-blown spinning assembly is schematic;
FIG. 3: schematic of the critical dimension structure of the meltblown spin pack used in example 1.
Wherein: 1-spinneret orifices; 2-an airflow slit; 3-forming an airflow pipe; 4-stretching the air flow slit; 5-spinneret plate; 6-slow cooling plate; 7-a heater; 8-gas plate; 9-melt draw zone; 10-tow acceleration zone; 11-melt trickle inlet; 12-melt draw zone; 13-melt draw-out orifice; 14-tow acceleration zone exit; 15-a stretching gas stream outlet; 16-stretch zone
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is fully and clearly described below with reference to fig. 1 and 3, and the specific embodiments and application modes.
Example 1, a melt-blown spinning die head for polyphenylene sulfide, the design and assembly of which is shown in fig. 1, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 0.24mm, the length-diameter ratio is 10, and the width of the air flow slit is 0.5mm; the height of a melt drawing area is 180mm, a drawing area is formed in the center of a slow cooling plate, the width of a melt trickle inlet is L5=8mm, the width of the melt drawing area is L4=13mm, and L1=11mm; after the air plate is installed, the width L2=16mm of an outlet of a tow acceleration area, and the width L3=3mm of an outlet of a stretching air flow; when the melt-blown spinning die head is used for processing polyphenylene sulfide fibers, the melt temperature is 315 ℃, the forming air flow temperature is 320 ℃, the speed is 2m/s, the slow cooling plate temperature is 270 ℃, the stretching air flow temperature is 250 ℃, the speed is 60m/s, the fineness of the prepared polyethylene terephthalate fibers can reach 1.8 micrometers, and the breaking strength of the fibers is 3.5cN/dtex.
Example 2, a melt-blown spinning die suitable for polypropylene, the design assembly of which is shown in fig. 1, the orifice diameter of the die is 0.25mm, the length-diameter ratio is 12, and the width of the air flow slit is 0.9mm; the height of a melt stretching area is 200mm, a stretching area is formed in the center of the slow cooling plate, the width of a melt trickle inlet is L5=10mm, the width of the melt stretching area is L4=20mm, and L1=15mm; after the air plate is installed, the width L2=20mm of an outlet of a tow acceleration area, and the width L3=5mm of an outlet of a stretching air flow; when the melt-blown spinning die head is used for processing polypropylene fibers with melt index of 60g/10min, the melt temperature is 270 ℃, the forming air flow temperature is 270 ℃, the speed is 0.8m/s, the slow cooling plate temperature is 160 ℃, the stretching air flow temperature is 140 ℃, the speed is 70m/s, the fineness of the prepared polypropylene fibers can reach 0.8 micron, and the breaking strength of the fibers is 4.5cN/dtex. .
While the methods and techniques of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and/or modifications of the methods and techniques described herein may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and content of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A melt-blown spinning assembly consists of a spinneret plate, a slow cooling plate, a heater and an air plate; a forming airflow pipe is arranged between the spinneret plate and the slow cooling plate; a stretching airflow slit is arranged between the slow cooling plate and the air plate; the slow cooling plate forms a slow cooling stretching area below a spinneret orifice of the spinneret plate;
the method is characterized in that a slow cooling stretching area is formed between two slow cooling plates, the width L5 of a melt trickle inlet of the slow cooling stretching area is 4-12 mm, and the width L4 of the melt stretching area is 13-50 mm; the width L1 of a melt stretching-out opening is 11-20 mm; and L4/L1=1.25 to 2.
2. The meltblown spin pack of claim 1 wherein the orifices have a diameter of 0.12 to 0.35mm and an aspect ratio of 2 to 15.
3. The melt blown spinning pack of claim 1 wherein the orifices have a diameter of 0.15 to 0.25mm and an aspect ratio of 3 to 12.
4. The melt blown spinning pack of claim 1 wherein the gas flow slot width between the spinneret and the slow cooling plate is 0.22 to 0.9mm; the height h1= 50-200 mm of the melt stretching area below the spinneret holes.
5. The melt blown spinning assembly of claim 1 wherein the gas plates are bilaterally symmetric, the tow acceleration zone formed between the two has an outlet width L2 of 5 to 25mm, and the gas plates and the slow cooling plate form a drawing gas flow outlet width L3 of 0.5 to 5mm.
6. The melt blown spinning pack of claim 1 wherein the air plates are bilaterally symmetrical and the exit width L2 of the tow acceleration zone formed between the two plates is 6 to 20mm.
7. The melt blown spinning pack of claim 1 wherein the gas panel height is from 100 to 300mm.
8. The melt blown spinning pack of claim 1 wherein the gas panel height is from 110 to 200mm.
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| CN202110589075.8A CN113502549B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Melt-blown spinning assembly |
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