CN113500170A - Method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste - Google Patents
Method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113500170A CN113500170A CN202110790804.6A CN202110790804A CN113500170A CN 113500170 A CN113500170 A CN 113500170A CN 202110790804 A CN202110790804 A CN 202110790804A CN 113500170 A CN113500170 A CN 113500170A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste, which comprises the steps of placing the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste into a container, paving a layer of charcoal on the surface of the waste, then placing the container into smelting equipment, electrifying, heating and smelting, keeping the temperature until no sticky floating object exists on the surface of molten liquid, and casting the obtained molten liquid into an ingot blank to obtain an AgSnIn alloy ingot blank. The obtained AgSnIn alloy ingot blank can be directly sampled and tested for components and then is proportioned for production. The method of the invention does not need to introduce a reducing agent, and has high reduction efficiency, low cost and good recovery effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal matrix composite material, in particular to a method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste.
Background
The silver-based electrical contact is a core element of a low-voltage electrical appliance, is mainly responsible for the functions of switching on, carrying and breaking current of an electrical appliance switch, and is known as the heart of the low-voltage electrical appliance. Silver tin oxide system contacts and silver graphite contacts are both silver-based electrical contacts that are commonly used at present.
For silver tin oxide indium oxide (AgSnO)2In2O3) In, which is added to promote the oxidation of Sn In the AgSn alloy, is at least 2 wt.% or more, and the content of In is relatively high2O3The addition of the silver tin oxide can also obviously improve the electrical property and the processability of the contact material, so the silver tin oxide indium oxide material is generally directly called as a silver tin oxide indium oxide material in the industry. The silver content of the silver tin oxide indium oxide material is usually 85-90 wt%, the production process needs extrusion, drawing, stamping and other procedures, the yield of the product is usually as low as 50%, and waste treatment occupies a large amount of capital of enterprises; on the other hand, the content of noble metal In the silver tin oxide indium oxide material is usually 2-5 wt.%, and the recovery and utilization of In are particularly obvious for reducing the product cost, so the recovery and recycling of the scrap materials of the silver tin oxide indium oxide becomes an important means for reducing the production cost of the production enterprises of the electrical contact materials. At present, no relevant report specially aiming at recycling of silver tin oxide indium oxide waste materials exists in China, and more researches on recycling of silver tin oxide waste materials are provided.
The traditional method for utilizing the silver tin oxide waste material has the following two ways:
(1) the wet silver recovery process is adopted, but the recovery method has large environmental pollution and long recovery period, and can only recover the noble metal silver in the silver tin oxide material, but the metals in other metal oxides cannot be recovered.
(2) The AgSn alloy is obtained by adopting a reducing agent for treatment, and the specific representativeness is as follows:
the invention patent with the publication number of CN101649394A discloses Ag-SnO2A process for reclaiming the waste material of Ag-SnO by reducing agent2Reducing the material to obtain Ag-Sn alloy; the reducing agent is graphite powder or hydrogen. And when the reducing agent is graphite powder, placing the waste material and the graphite powder in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the smelting atmosphere is inert or vacuum atmosphere, heating to 1000-1300 ℃ and smelting for 15-60 minutes to obtain the Ag-Sn alloy. When the reducing agent is hydrogen, Ag-SnO is added2And (3) placing the waste material in a medium-frequency induction furnace, heating to 1000-1300 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere, and smelting for 0.5-3 hours to obtain the Ag-Sn alloy.
The invention patent with publication number CN101956075A discloses a method for recovering metal from silver tin oxide material, which comprises the steps of loading the silver tin oxide material to be recovered into a hydrogen reduction resistance furnace, introducing ammonia decomposition gas, heating to 900-950 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-10 hours to finally form a metal alloy block.
The invention patent with publication number CN103740937A discloses a method for recycling silver tin oxide waste, and specifically relates to a method for carrying out activation annealing on silver tin oxide waste by using a vacuum furnace, and then introducing hydrogen to carry out reduction treatment at a lower temperature to obtain AgSn alloy.
For a silver graphite (AgC) contact, the contact is mainly applied to a household high-breaking miniature circuit breaker. At present, the recovery of silver graphite waste is usually to obtain pure Ag powder by directly using air for decarburization, or to obtain pure Ag ingots by adopting the processes of smelting, screening, decarburization and casting (Wangyong, etc.: extrusion type silver graphite leftover material silver recovery process, electrical material, 2006No.2, p 6-8).
Although the above methods are all effective in recycling silver tin oxide or silver graphite scrap, they suffer from the following disadvantages: one of the two methods is single material recovery, and AgSnO in the contact material of the silver tin oxide system cannot be comprehensively utilized2Or AgSnO2In2O3Oxidation and reducing property of AgC, too long reaction time in the production process, and lossThe consumption is large; secondly, hydrogen or graphite powder is used as a reducing agent in the recovery process, so that more energy loss is introduced; thirdly, when the silver tin oxide waste to be recycled is AgSnO2When the/Ag bimetal composite material is prepared, the alloy recovered by the method disclosed by the above document is an uneven AgSn/Ag bimetal material, the components of the AgSn/Ag bimetal material are difficult to accurately judge, direct batching and production cannot be realized, and the AgSn/Ag bimetal composite material still needs to be melted and cast uniformly before production and then is sampled and detected; finally, for the invention patent publication No. CN101649394A, SnO is heated in a smelting process2Easily float on the surface of the melt in a concentrated manner to form agglomerates, so that the Sn is difficult to reduce.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste, which does not need to introduce a reducing agent, has high reduction efficiency, low cost and good recycling effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste comprises the steps of placing the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste into a container, paving a layer of charcoal on the surface of the waste, then placing the container into smelting equipment, electrifying, heating and smelting, keeping the temperature until no sticky floating substances exist on the surface of molten liquid, and casting the obtained molten liquid into an ingot blank to obtain an AgSnIn alloy ingot blank.
In the method, the smelting equipment is conventional equipment for smelting metal in the prior art, and specifically can be an intermediate frequency induction furnace and the like; the container is an existing conventional container which can be placed in smelting equipment for use, such as a crucible and the like, and specifically can be a ceramic crucible, a silicon carbide crucible or a graphite crucible and the like. The technicians in the field can judge whether the surface of the melt has non-sticky floating objects or not by visual observation or by combination of stirring and visual observation.
In the method of the invention, the silver tin oxide and indium oxide waste materials comprise silver tin oxide and indium oxide contact waste materials only containing indium oxide additives, and also comprise other additives besides the indium oxide additives (Such as copper oxide and/or bismuth oxide, etc.). Furthermore, the SnO in the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste material involved in the method of the invention2The content is usually 6 to 10 wt.%, In2O3The content is usually 3-5 wt.%, and the total content of other additives is less than or equal to 1 wt.%; the C content of the silver graphite waste is usually 2-5 wt.%. The input proportion of the tin oxide indium oxide waste material and the silver graphite waste material can be determined according to AgSnO2In2O3The content of the oxides of (a) is determined, and in the application, the weight ratio of the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste material to the silver graphite waste material is preferably 2-5: 1.
in the method of the present invention, preferably, the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste are placed alternately in the container, that is, the two wastes are placed in a staggered manner, for example, a layer of silver graphite waste is placed first, then a layer of silver tin oxide indium oxide waste is placed on the silver graphite waste, then a layer of silver graphite waste is placed on the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste, and the above steps are repeated. The two wastes are alternately placed, so that SnO can be further promoted to float C in the silver graphite wastes in the upward floating process2Or In2O3Or further comprises other metal oxides to Sn or In or other metal additive elements to accelerate SnO2、In2O3Or the reduction process of other metal oxides, and finally forms an alloy with the main matrix element Ag, thereby reducing the recovery time and energy consumption.
In the method, the charcoal is laid on the surface layer of the waste material, so that the heat preservation effect is achieved, and the oxidation of materials in the container in the later smelting reduction later stage is avoided, so that the charcoal can completely cover the materials in the container. The thickness of the charcoal covering layer is usually 1 to 5 mm.
In the method, the smelting operation in the medium-frequency induction furnace is the same as that in the prior art, the smelting temperature is preferably 1000-1300 ℃, and the experience of the applicant shows that no sticky floating substances exist on the surface of the molten liquid when the heat preservation time is 25-50 min. In the heat preservation process, the molten liquid is preferably stirred once every 3-10 min.
By the method of the inventionThe AgSnIn alloy ingot blank obtained by the method can be directly sampled and detected, after the components are determined, the AgSnIn alloy ingot blank is prepared into AgSnO which contains additives or does not contain additives and meets the component requirements of products by proportioning, supplementing Ag, Sn and In according to the component requirements of final products and further comprising other metal additives for production2In2O3The subsequent cyclic utilization production process of the system contact material is the same as that of the prior art (for example, an alloy internal oxidation method or a powder pre-oxidation method is adopted).
Compared with the prior art, the invention is characterized in that:
1. the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste are jointly smelted, on one hand, the reducibility of C in the silver graphite waste is fully utilized, so that the C in the waste in a high-temperature molten state can float SnO in the upward floating process2、In2O3Or other metal oxides to Sn, In or other metal additive elements, while C is simultaneously reduced with CO2Form volatilization of (A) and acceleration of SnO2、In2O3Or reduction process of other metal oxides, and finally forming alloy with main matrix element Ag and additive element In, etc., thereby reducing recovery time and energy consumption; on the other hand, the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste are smelted together, C with reducibility is separated out from the silver graphite waste, the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste can be directly reduced while the C is separated out, the reduction efficiency is much higher than that of the C, and the defect of low reduction efficiency of smelting and reducing silver metal oxide by adding pure C in the prior art is effectively overcome; moreover, new reducing agents (hydrogen or excessive graphite powder and the like) are not required to be introduced, so that the energy loss is further reduced; finally, the purpose of simultaneously recovering the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste is achieved, the material utilization rate is improved, and the complex processes of slagging, secondary decarburization and the like in the prior art of recovering the silver graphite waste by adopting a smelting method are avoided.
2. The AgSnIn alloy ingot blank with uniform components is formed after casting, and can be directly sampled and tested for components and then mixed for production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a wire product obtained in example 1 of the present invention, in which (a) is a metallographic structure diagram of a product in a transverse direction and (b) is a metallographic structure diagram of a product in a longitudinal direction.
Fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of a wire product obtained in example 2 of the present invention, in which (a) is a metallographic structure diagram of a product in a transverse direction and (b) is a metallographic structure diagram of a product in a longitudinal direction.
Fig. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a wire product obtained in example 3 of the present invention, in which (a) is a metallographic structure diagram of a product in a transverse direction and (b) is a metallographic structure diagram of a product in a longitudinal direction.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, technical features used in the embodiments may be replaced with other technical features known in the art having equivalent or similar functions or effects without departing from the inventive concept.
Example 1
10kg of AgC (3) waste and 25kg of AgSnO2(8)In2O3(4) Laying the waste materials in a staggered manner in a graphite crucible, covering the graphite crucible with dry charcoal, then placing the graphite crucible in a medium-frequency induction furnace for heating and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20 minutes (stirring once every 3 minutes during the smelting), the surface of the molten liquid does not have sticky substances, cooling to 1050 ℃, standing for 2 minutes to obtain AgSnIn alloy molten liquid, and casting the obtained molten liquid into an ingot blank to obtain the AgSnIn alloy ingot blank.
The AgSnIn alloy ingot blank prepared in the embodiment is sampled and detected according to GB/T24268 chemical analysis method for silver tin oxide electrical contact material (the same applies below), and the result is as follows: ag content 90.45 wt.%, Sn content 6.25 wt.%, In content 3.30 wt.%.
AgSnO is prepared by taking AgSnIn alloy ingot prepared in the embodiment as raw material2(8)In2O3(4) The contact material comprises the following specific processes: after the AgSnIn ingot blank is machined to remove the surface skin, the AgSnO prepared according to the requirement2(8)In2O3(4) The components of the product are proportioned, Ag ingot, Sn ingot and In ingot are supplemented, and then the Ag ingot, Sn ingot and In ingot are put into an atomization powder-making device to prepare AgSnIn alloy powder, and then the alloy powder is put into an atomization powder-making deviceOxidizing, isostatic pressing the fully oxidized powder to obtain a pressed billet, sintering the pressed billet at 900 ℃ for 10 hours, and performing conventional extrusion and drawing to obtain AgSnO2(8)In2O3(4) The metallographic structure diagram of the obtained wire rod is shown in figure 1, wherein (a) is the metallographic structure diagram of the product in the transverse direction, and (b) is the metallographic structure diagram of the product in the longitudinal direction. Inspecting the obtained wire, wherein SnO2In an amount of 7.8 wt.%2O3The content of (a) is 4.2 wt.%, the resistivity is 2.45 μ Ω. cm, the tensile strength is 350MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 18%.
Example 2
10kg of AgC (3) waste and 50kg of AgSnO2(8)In2O3(4) Laying the waste materials in a staggered manner in a graphite crucible, covering the graphite crucible with dry charcoal, then placing the graphite crucible in a medium-frequency induction furnace for heating and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30 minutes (stirring once every 5 minutes during the smelting), the surface of the molten liquid does not have sticky substances, cooling to 1000 ℃, standing for 2 minutes to obtain AgSnIn alloy molten liquid, and casting the obtained molten liquid into an ingot blank to obtain the AgSnIn alloy ingot blank.
The AgSnIn alloy ingot blank prepared in this example was sampled and tested, and the results were: the Ag content was 89.20 wt.%, the Sn content was 7.0 wt.%, the In content was 3.80 wt.%, and the C impurity content was < 100ppm (the content rarely met the standard).
AgSnO is prepared by taking AgSnIn alloy ingot prepared in the embodiment as raw material2(7)In2O3(3) The contact material comprises the following specific processes: after the AgSnIn ingot blank is machined to remove the surface skin, the AgSnO prepared according to the requirement2(7)In2O3(3) Supplementing Ag ingot, Sn ingot and In ingot according to the component proportion of the product, putting the Ag ingot, Sn ingot and In ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting and diffusion, then casting the Ag-Sn alloy ingot to prepare an AgSnIn alloy ingot, then extruding the AgSnIn alloy ingot into a wire material, further drawing the wire material to obtain an AgSnIn wire material, shearing and crushing the AgSnIn wire material, then putting the AgSnIn wire material into an oxidation furnace for oxidation to obtain AgSnO2(7)In2O3(3) Shredding, cleaning the shredded tobacco, pressing the shredded tobacco into round ingots, extruding and drawing the round ingots again to obtain AgSnO with uniform metallographic structure2(7)In2O3(3) Wire rod, metallographic phase of the obtained wire rodThe structure diagram is shown in fig. 2, wherein (a) is a metallographic structure diagram of the product in the transverse direction, and (b) is a metallographic structure diagram of the product in the longitudinal direction. Inspecting the obtained wire, wherein SnO2Is present In an amount of 6.8 wt.%, In2O3The content of (a) is 2.9 wt.%, the resistivity is 2.2 μ Ω. cm, the tensile strength is 320MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 25%.
Example 3
Taking 10kg of AgC (3) waste and 50kg of AgSnO2(7)In2O3(3) Laying the waste materials in a staggered manner in a graphite crucible, covering the graphite crucible with dry charcoal, then placing the graphite crucible in a medium-frequency induction furnace for heating and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30 minutes (stirring once every 5 minutes during the smelting), the surface of the molten liquid does not have sticky substances, cooling to 1050 ℃, standing for 1 minute to obtain AgSnIn alloy molten liquid, and casting the obtained molten liquid into an ingot blank to obtain the AgSnIn alloy ingot blank.
The AgSnIn alloy ingot blank prepared in this example was sampled and tested, and the results were: the Ag content was 92.10 wt.%, the Sn content was 5.60 wt.%, the In content was 2.30 wt.%, and the C impurity content was < 100ppm (the content rarely met the standard).
AgSnO is prepared by taking AgSnIn alloy ingot prepared in the embodiment as raw material2(8)In2O3(4) The material comprises the following specific processes: after the AgSnIn ingot blank is machined to remove the surface skin, the AgSnO prepared according to the requirement2(8)In2O3(4) Supplementing Ag ingot, Sn ingot and In ingot according to the component proportion of the product, putting the Ag ingot, Sn ingot and In ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting and diffusion, then drawing wires by an up-drawing continuous casting mechanism to obtain AgSnIn alloy wires, obtaining fine-specification AgSnIn wires after drawing, cutting and crushing the AgSnIn wires, and then putting the AgSnIn alloy wires into an oxidation furnace for oxidation to obtain AgSnO2(8)In2O3(4) Shredding, cleaning shredded tobacco, pressing into round ingot, extruding and drawing so as to obtain AgSnO with uniform metallographic structure2(8)In2O3(4) The metallographic structure of the wire rod obtained is shown in fig. 3, wherein (a) is the metallographic structure of the product in the transverse direction, and (b) is the metallographic structure of the product in the longitudinal direction. Inspecting the obtained wire, wherein SnO2Is contained In an amount of 8.0 wt.%, In2O3Is 4.1 wt.%, and has a resistivity of2.35 mu omega cm, a tensile strength of 330MPa and an elongation after fracture of 20%.
Example 4
10kg of AgC (3) waste and 50kg of AgSnO2(8)In2O3(4) And paving the/Ag double-layer metal waste in a graphite crucible in a staggered manner, covering the graphite crucible with dry charcoal, then putting the graphite crucible into a medium-frequency induction furnace for heating and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 50 minutes (stirring once every 10 minutes during the smelting), no sticky substance exists on the surface of the molten liquid, AgSnIn alloy molten liquid is obtained, and the obtained molten liquid is cast into an ingot blank to obtain the AgSnIn alloy ingot blank.
The AgSnIn alloy ingot blank prepared in this example was sampled and tested, and the results were: the Ag content was 92.60 wt.%, the Sn content was 5.30 wt.%, the In content was 2.10 wt.%, and the C impurity content was < 100ppm (the content rarely met the standard).
AgSnO is prepared by taking AgSnIn alloy ingot prepared in the embodiment as raw material2(8)In2O3(4) The material and the subsequent production process are the same as in example 3, and AgSnO with uniform metallographic structure is prepared2(8)In2O3(4) And (3) wire rods. Inspecting the obtained wire, wherein SnO2Is present In an amount of 7.85 wt.%, In2O3The content of (a) is 3.95 wt.%, the resistivity is 2.35 μ Ω. cm, the tensile strength is 335MPa, and the elongation after break is 22%.
Claims (6)
1. A method for mixing and recycling silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and silver graphite waste is characterized in that the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste and the silver graphite waste are placed in a container, a layer of charcoal is laid on the surface of the waste, then the container is placed in a smelting device, the container is electrified and heated for smelting, the temperature is kept until no sticky floating object exists on the surface of molten liquid, and the obtained molten liquid is cast into an ingot blank to obtain an AgSnIn alloy ingot blank.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the silver tin oxide indium oxide scrap and silver graphite scrap are alternately placed in the container.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the silver tin oxide indium oxide waste material to the silver graphite waste material is 2-5: 1.
4. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the melting is 1000 to 1300 ℃ during the heat preservation.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding time is 25 to 50 min.
6. The method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the melt is stirred at intervals of 3 to 10min during the heat-insulating step.
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| CN114635044A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-17 | 宁波东大神乐电工合金有限公司 | Process for recovering silver from silver tin oxide and indium oxide |
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