CN113499767A - Visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113499767A
CN113499767A CN202110684501.6A CN202110684501A CN113499767A CN 113499767 A CN113499767 A CN 113499767A CN 202110684501 A CN202110684501 A CN 202110684501A CN 113499767 A CN113499767 A CN 113499767A
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titanium dioxide
tooth whitening
visible light
gel
modified titanium
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CN113499767B (en
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赵霞
刘栓
熊师源
黄晓乐
陈志宇
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Ningbo Chuyue New Material Technology Co ltd
Institute of Oceanology of CAS
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Institute of Oceanology of CAS
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    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/18Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/04Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K8/042Gels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
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    • A61K8/19Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/22Peroxides; Oxygen; Ozone
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    • A61K8/19Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/29Titanium; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34Alcohols
    • A61K8/347Phenols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
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    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A61K8/375Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/063Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39Photocatalytic properties
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K2800/413Nanosized, i.e. having sizes below 100 nm
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/81Preparation or application process involves irradiation

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Abstract

The invention relates to a tooth whitening technology, in particular to visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide and a preparation method and application thereof. Butyl titanate and bismuth nitrate are subjected to sol-gel reaction in a low-boiling-point organic solvent, and then the bismuth-doped titanium dioxide with a spherical structure is obtained by high-temperature calcination. The nano-modified titanium dioxide is applied to a tooth whitening gel. The tooth whitening gel prepared by the invention utilizes the photocatalytic activity of the nano modified titanium dioxide, generates strong-oxidative electron holes by assisting the illumination of visible light, and the electron holes can also be used for synergistically catalyzing and decomposing hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH), so that the catalytic activity of the hydrogen peroxide is improved, and the electron holes and the OH can obviously improve the tooth whitening effect.

Description

Visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tooth whitening technology, in particular to visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The whitening gel is a tooth whitening technology popular in Europe and America, high-intensity blue light with the wavelength of 480-520 nm is irradiated on hydrogen peroxide gel, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed to generate oxidation species with strong oxidation activity, such as hydroxyl free radical (OH), the oxidation potential of OH is as high as 2.8V, yellow pigment and melanin deposited on teeth can be oxidized, and the whitening effect is achieved. Although whitening gel technology is well established, there are still some problems with the currently marketed cold light tooth whitening products. Firstly, the oxidation efficiency of the whitening gel is not high, and good whitening effect can be obtained only by prolonging the illumination time; secondly, when high-energy blue light is used as an excitation light source, eye splash and dazzling can be caused, and even the probability of eye diseases is increased; meanwhile, the whitening gel has the defects of short storage period, and during storage and production, visible light can accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, so that the storage time of the whitening gel is shortened.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to develop a tooth whitening gel which can catalyze oxidation by mild light, for example, light, and generate OH in cooperation with decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and to prolong the storage time of the whitening gel, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the tooth whitening technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide modified titanium dioxide containing visible light catalytic activity.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation process of the nano modified titanium dioxide with visible light catalytic activity and a preparation process of the light absorbent.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the nano modified titanium dioxide with the photocatalytic activity in preparing the luminescent tooth whitening gel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide is prepared by performing sol-gel reaction on butyl titanate and bismuth nitrate in a low-boiling-point organic solvent, and then calcining at high temperature to obtain the bismuth-doped titanium dioxide with a spherical structure.
The molar ratio of the butyl titanate to the bismuth nitrate is 1: 3-1: 10 (preferably 1:5), and the organic solvent is any one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, absolute ethyl alcohol and cyclohexanone.
A preparation method of visible light photocatalytic modified titanium dioxide comprises the steps of dropwise adding butyl titanate into a mixed solution of a low-boiling-point organic solvent and bismuth nitrate to perform sol-gel reaction for 5-10 hours (preferably 8 hours), then performing vacuum drying, and calcining for 1-2 hours (preferably 1.5 hours) at 500 ℃ -700 ℃ (preferably 600 ℃) to obtain the spherical structure bismuth-doped titanium dioxide.
A preparation method of visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide, and application of the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide in preparing tooth whitening gel.
A tooth whitening gel comprises the following components in parts by weight: the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide comprises 1-5 parts, 0.01-0.5 part, 1-3 parts of a gelling agent, 20-35 parts of 30% hydrogen peroxide, 0.1-2 parts of a desensitizer, 0.1-0.5 part of an auxiliary agent, 10-30 parts of an alkali solution and 80-300 parts of deionized water.
Further, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide comprises 1.5 parts, 0.30 part of stabilizer, 1.4 parts of gelling agent, 25 parts of 30% hydrogen peroxide, 0.5 part of desensitizer, 1.0 part of auxiliary agent, 10 parts of alkaline solution and 85 parts of deionized water.
The stabilizer is prepared from an antioxidant and a light absorbent in a mass ratio of 1: 5-1: 10 (preferably 1:7), wherein the antioxidant is 2, 6-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol and/or bis (3, 5-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) thioether, and the light absorber is catechol monobenzoate.
The catechol monobenzoate is prepared from benzoyl chloride and catechol serving as raw materials through an esterification reaction, wherein the molar ratio of the benzoyl chloride to the catechol is 1: 1-3: 1; the pH value of the reaction system is 6.5-8.5; the reaction temperature is 25-35 ℃; the reaction time is 1.5-3 h.
The gel is carbomer and/or carboxymethyl cellulose; desensitizing agent is calcium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, strontium fluoride or strontium acetate; the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide and/or triethanolamine; the auxiliary agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, glycerol or polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the tooth whitening gel comprises the following steps:
1) adding the gel into deionized water according to the proportion, soaking, adding an auxiliary agent, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixture A;
2) adding a stabilizer into the mixture A, uniformly stirring, adding the nano modified titanium dioxide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B;
3) adding 30% hydrogen peroxide into the mixture B, mixing uniformly, adding desensitizer and stabilizer, and adjusting pH with alkali solution to obtain mixture C, i.e. tooth whitening gel.
The tooth whitening gel is smeared on teeth, is irradiated by LED visible light, and generates oxidized electron holes through the illumination of nano modified titanium dioxide, the electron holes can catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl free radicals (OH) with strong oxidizing property, and the electron holes and the OH realize the tooth whitening through the cooperation; the wavelength of the LED visible light is 400-800 nm, and the irradiation time is 30-60 min.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the bismuth-doped nano titanium dioxide prepared by the method can be excited by visible light to generate an electron hole with strong oxidizing property, and the electron hole can realize the oxidation and whitening effects on pigments on the surface of teeth.
2. The modified nano titanium dioxide is used as a main component in the tooth whitening gel, so that electron holes generated by visible light irradiation can be used for catalytically decomposing hydrogen peroxide to generate OH with strong oxidizing property (the oxidizing potential of OH is as high as 2.8V), the catalytic oxidation activity of hydrogen peroxide on teeth is improved, and the tooth whitening effect is enhanced.
3. A small amount of antioxidant and light absorbent are added into the tooth whitening gel as stabilizers, so that decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the production and storage processes of the whitening gel can be effectively reduced on the premise that whitening is realized, and the storage time of the whitening gel is effectively prolonged.
4. The invention adopts the LED visible light when realizing tooth whitening, and compared with blue light and ultraviolet light, the visible light energy is small and milder, and the irritation to eyes and skin is small, so the use is safer.
5. The preparation and application process method is simple and safe, convenient to operate, low in equipment requirement and suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XPS spectrum of nano-modified titanium dioxide prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a TEM photograph of nano-modified titanium dioxide prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a change curve of hydrogen peroxide in a whitening gel provided by an embodiment of the present invention when illuminated by LED visible light, wherein a is the whitening gel prepared in embodiment 1, b: whitening gel prepared in example 2.
Fig. 4 is a change curve of hydroxyl radical (& OH) of the whitening gel provided by the embodiment of the invention when the gel is irradiated by LED visible light, wherein, a is the whitening gel prepared in the embodiment 1, b: whitening gel prepared in example 2.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of a filled tooth whitening gel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a photograph showing the variation of the whitening gel applied to the teeth according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure.
Example 1 Cold light tooth whitening gel, preparation method and application
Preparation of nano modified titanium dioxide and light absorbent
Slowly and dropwise adding 9mL of butyl titanate into a mixed solution of 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 5g of bismuth nitrate, putting the mixed solution into a water bath kettle at 85 ℃ after dripping, mechanically stirring the mixed solution for 6 hours to evaporate the solvent, then drying the mixed solution in vacuum at 80 ℃, putting the dried mixed solution into a crucible with a cover after grinding, and burning the dried mixed solution for 2 hours at 600 ℃ to obtain Bi modified nano titanium dioxide powder (the XPS picture of the Bi modified nano titanium dioxide powder is shown in figure 1, and the TEM picture of an electron projection electron microscope is shown in figure 2).
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the Bi element has been successfully doped into the nano titanium dioxide by the sol-gel method. Bi can reduce the forbidden bandwidth of the titanium dioxide and improve the visible light catalytic activity of the titanium dioxide. Fig. 2 is a TEM photograph of the Bi-modified nano titania, which shows that the prepared Bi-modified nano titania has a spherical structure, the spherical structure has a higher specific surface area, a larger contact area with visible light, and a stronger photocatalytic activity.
Adding 25g of catechol and 200g of water into a three-neck flask with a dropping funnel, a condenser and a thermometer, stirring to dissolve, then simultaneously adding 10g of benzoyl chloride and 0.1g of NaOH into the flask, controlling the reaction temperature to be 30 ℃, the pH value to be 8.0, reacting for 2h, performing suction filtration after the reaction is finished, washing for 3 times with water, and drying to obtain the light absorbing agent catechol monobenzoate.
② tooth whitening gel and preparation method thereof
1) Adding 0.5kg of carbomer and 0.2kg of carboxymethyl cellulose into 32kg of deionized water, soaking and completely swelling, adding 0.5kg of glycerol and 0.1kg of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A1;
2) adding 0.5kg of the Bi modified nano titanium dioxide powder into the mixture A1 under the condition of keeping stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture B1;
3) adding 15kg of 30% hydrogen peroxide into the mixture B1, then sequentially adding 0.1kg of strontium fluoride, 0.05kg of bis (3, 5-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide and 0.1kg of the catechol monobenzoate prepared above, stirring at room temperature of 200r/min for 4h, uniformly mixing, adding 6kg of 10% triethanolamine aqueous solution, detecting the pH value, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, and completely thickening carbomer to obtain a mixture C1, thus obtaining the tooth whitening gel; the visible light tooth whitening gel prepared above was irradiated with LED visible light, and the change of hydrogen peroxide and. OH in the visible light was detected, and the change results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Filling the tooth whitening gel into a PVC tube, and packaging to obtain a commercially available visible light tooth whitening gel, and storing in dark (see figure 5).
Use of cold light tooth whitening gel
100 subjects were selected and randomly divided into two groups, one group was coated with the tooth whitening gel prepared in example 1, and the other group was coated with a commercially available cold light tooth whitening gel;
a1) the tooth whitening gel prepared in example 1 was applied to the teeth of 50 subjects, respectively, at a thickness of 0.5mm, and irradiated with LED visible light for 35min, so that the tooth whitening was accomplished once a day for ten consecutive days. Significant whitening effect was achieved compared to untreated teeth, and no discomfort symptoms appeared. Wherein a typical tooth whitening effect trend is shown in fig. 6.
a2) The conventional cold light tooth whitening gel (purchased from Novashine) was applied to the teeth of another 50 subjects at a thickness of 0.5mm, and irradiated with LED visible light for 35min, and thus applied once a day for ten consecutive days to complete tooth whitening. Compared with the untreated product, 28 persons have remarkable whitening effect, and 22 persons have no tooth whitening effect, wherein 2 persons have tooth bleeding and pain symptoms, and 1 person has eye flower and dazzling symptoms.
Example 2
The tooth whitening gel, the preparation method and the application are substantially the same as those of the example 1, except that the calcination temperature is 500 ℃ when the modified nano titanium dioxide powder is prepared, the visible light tooth whitening gel prepared above is irradiated by the LED visible light, the change of hydrogen peroxide and OH in the visible light tooth whitening gel is detected, and the change result is shown in fig. 3 and 4. Meanwhile, the application process of the embodiment 2 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the trial results are detailed in table 1.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, in the process of preparing the nano modified titanium dioxide, the calcination temperature is different, and the detected concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and OH are different in the process of irradiating the whitening gel. Wherein, when the calcining temperature is 600 ℃, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and OH is higher, and the whitening effect on teeth is better.
Example 3
The tooth whitening gel, the preparation method and the application are basically the same as those of the tooth whitening gel in the example 1, except that the addition amount of triethanolamine in the preparation process of the whitening gel is 0.5kg, the application process of the example 3 is the same as that of the example 1, and the test results are detailed in the table 1.
Comparative examples 1-2 tooth whitening gel, preparation method and application
Comparative examples 1-2 the process for preparing the tooth whitening gel is shown in example 1, but the difference is only in the difference of the preparation process parameters of the whitening gel, wherein the nano modified titanium dioxide is not added in the comparative example 1, the stabilizing agent is not added in the comparative example 2, the application process of the nano modified titanium dioxide and the stabilizing agent is the same as that of the example 1, and the trial results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 shows the results of different tooth whitening gels
Figure BDA0003123951810000051
The results show that the whitening gel product provided by the invention can generate an oxidation cavity through visible light excitation, the oxidation cavity can catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl free radical OH, the oxidation cavity and the OH can synergistically enhance the whitening effect of the gel on teeth, the gel storage time can last for more than 18 months, the gel is in a gel state before and after storage, and the product is green and environment-friendly; the comparative example has no obvious tooth whitening effect, poor storage stability and water dissolving phenomenon; the commercial product has uncomfortable symptoms, has no obvious tooth whitening effect on the tested person, and only has the tooth whitening effect on 28 tested persons.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and to implement the same, and any person skilled in the art may use the above-mentioned technical concept as a teaching to make changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments, but all simple modifications, equivalents and modifications made to the above-mentioned embodiments do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide is characterized in that: butyl titanate and bismuth nitrate are subjected to sol-gel reaction in a low-boiling-point organic solvent, and then the bismuth-doped titanium dioxide with a spherical structure is obtained by high-temperature calcination.
2. The visible-light-catalytically modified titanium dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the butyl titanate to the bismuth nitrate is 1: 3-1: 10, and the organic solvent is any one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, absolute ethyl alcohol and cyclohexanone.
3. A method for preparing the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: dropwise adding butyl titanate into a mixed solution of a low-boiling-point organic solvent and bismuth nitrate to perform sol-gel reaction for 5-10 h, then performing vacuum drying, and calcining at 500-700 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain the bismuth-doped titanium dioxide with the spherical structure.
4. A method for preparing the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide is applied to preparing the tooth whitening gel.
5. A tooth whitening gel characterized by: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visible light catalytic modified titanium dioxide comprises 1-5 parts, 0.01-0.1 part, 2-3 parts of a gelling agent, 25-35 parts of 30% hydrogen peroxide, 0.1-2 parts of a desensitizer, 0.1-0.5 part of an auxiliary agent, 20-30 parts of an alkali solution and 80-300 parts of deionized water.
6. The tooth whitening gel of claim 5, wherein: the stabilizer is prepared from an antioxidant and a light absorbent in a mass ratio of 1: 5-1: 10, wherein the antioxidant is 2, 6-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol and/or bis (3, 5-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) thioether, and the light absorber is catechol monobenzoate.
7. The tooth whitening gel of claim 6, wherein: the catechol monobenzoate is prepared from benzoyl chloride and catechol serving as raw materials through an esterification reaction, wherein the molar ratio of the benzoyl chloride to the catechol is 1: 1-3: 1; the pH value of the reaction system is 6.5-8.5; the reaction temperature is 25-35 ℃; the reaction time is 1.5-3 h.
8. The tooth whitening gel of claim 5, wherein: the gel is carbomer and/or carboxymethyl cellulose; desensitizing agent is calcium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, strontium fluoride or strontium acetate; the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide and/or triethanolamine; the auxiliary agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, glycerol or polyethylene glycol.
9. The method of preparing a tooth whitening gel according to claim 5, characterized in that:
1) adding the gel into deionized water according to the proportion, soaking, adding an auxiliary agent, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixture A;
2) adding a stabilizer into the mixture A, uniformly stirring, adding the nano modified titanium dioxide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B;
3) adding 30% hydrogen peroxide into the mixture B, mixing uniformly, adding desensitizer and stabilizer, and adjusting pH with alkali solution to obtain mixture C, i.e. tooth whitening gel.
10. A method of preparing a tooth whitening gel according to claim 9, characterized in that: the tooth whitening gel is smeared on teeth and is irradiated by LED visible light to whiten the teeth; the wavelength of the LED visible light is 400-800 nm, and the irradiation time is 30-60 min.
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