CN113493292A - Osmotic pressure-based blue-green algae deep dehydration treatment system and method - Google Patents
Osmotic pressure-based blue-green algae deep dehydration treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blue algae deep dehydration treatment system and method based on osmotic pressure, which comprises a reaction tank, wherein a rotatable feeding cavity is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a discharge hole is formed in the top of the reaction tank, an osmotic pressure solution is filled in the reaction tank, the pressure of the osmotic pressure solution is greater than that of cell sap, and the osmotic pressure solution is used for removing intracellular water of materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blue algae dehydration, in particular to a blue algae deep dehydration treatment system and method based on osmotic pressure.
Background
One of the most main water pollution problems in the world at present when the lake eutrophication and the blue algae water bloom phenomenon caused by the lake eutrophication are caused, the blue algae water bloom caused by the lake eutrophication in China is very serious, more than half of lakes in China have the blue algae water bloom phenomenon at present, the blue algae treatment problem is not well solved all the time, thereby greatly intensifying the water environment pollution in China, therefore, the blue algae can not be treated slowly, the blue algae bloom phenomenon is usually expressed as abnormal propagation of the blue algae, the water quality is deteriorated due to the changes of water transparency, dissolved oxygen and the like, further influencing social service functions of lake water supply, cultivation, entertainment and the like, endangering the safety of water environment and the whole ecological system, the research on the dehydration of the blue algae is the key for effectively treating the blue algae, and the problem of high water content of the blue algae is also the key for harmless resource utilization of the blue algae, but the existing blue algae dehydration process or device has the following problems when in use:
1. in the existing blue algae dehydration process, for example, a flocculating agent and a water purifying agent are added, the water content of the obtained blue algae is 50-60%, but the process method uses a plurality of chemical agents and is complex to operate, the prepared chemical agent solution causes new environmental pollution problems when being discharged, and the water content of the blue algae is required to be further reduced;
2. the blue algae is dehydrated by adopting a combustion heating mode, which is not environment-friendly firstly, and secondly, the fished blue algae needs to consume a great deal of heat energy because of extremely high water content, and in addition, the blue algae after the combustion heating treatment only removes water outside cells, the water in the blue algae cells still exists, and the total water content is still high;
therefore, energy-saving and environment-friendly blue algae deep dehydration treatment system and method based on osmotic pressure are urgently needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for deep dehydration treatment of blue algae based on osmotic pressure, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a blue algae deep dehydration treatment system and method based on osmotic pressure comprises a reaction tank, wherein a rotatable feeding cavity is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a discharge hole is formed in the top of the reaction tank, an osmotic pressure solution is filled in the reaction tank, the pressure of the osmotic pressure solution is greater than that of cell sap, and the osmotic pressure solution is used for removing intracellular water of materials;
furthermore, a slag scraping component and a lifting component are arranged at the top of the discharge port, the lifting component is arranged on one side of the slag scraping component, a centrifugal machine is arranged on one side of the reaction tank, and a reverse osmosis device is arranged on the other side of the reaction tank; the device comprises a reaction tank, a slag scraping component, a centrifugal machine, a liquid collecting tank, a liquid level alarm and a densimeter, wherein the slag scraping component is used for conveying materials on the surface of osmotic pressure solution to a lifting component, the lifting component is used for conveying the materials to the centrifugal machine, the liquid collecting tank is arranged on the outer side of the centrifugal machine and detachably connected with the centrifugal machine, the centrifugal machine is used for removing extracellular water of the materials, the liquid collecting tank is used for collecting the extracellular water removed by the centrifugal machine, a conveying pipeline is arranged between the reaction tank and a reverse osmosis device, the top of the reaction tank is provided with the liquid level alarm and the densimeter, the liquid level alarm is used for detecting whether the osmotic pressure solution overflows, and the densimeter is used for detecting the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution in the reaction tank;
furthermore, the slag scraping assembly comprises a first transmission belt and a scraper, one end of the scraper is fixedly connected with the first transmission belt, rotating shafts are arranged at two ends of the first transmission belt, the rotating shafts are in transmission connection with the first transmission belt, two ends of each rotating shaft are in rotation connection with the reaction tank, the lifting assembly comprises a second transmission belt and a plurality of feeding plates, the second transmission belt is obliquely arranged, a first rotating wheel is arranged at one end of the second transmission belt, and a second rotating wheel is arranged at the other end of the second transmission belt; one end of each of the feeding plates is fixedly connected with the second conveying belt, the distance between every two adjacent feeding plates is equal to the circumference of the first rotating wheel, and the first rotating wheel is provided with a bump;
furthermore, the feeding plate comprises two supporting plates and an aggregate net, the bottoms of the two supporting plates are fixedly connected with the second conveyor belt, sliding grooves are formed in the corresponding surfaces of the two supporting plates, and the two sides of the aggregate net are connected with the sliding grooves in a sliding mode;
further, the rotatable feeding cavity comprises a base and a cavity, the base is fixedly connected with the bottom of the reaction tank, the longitudinal section of the cavity is circular, the base is rotatably connected with the cavity, a notch is formed in the base, a first feeding hole is formed in the cavity, a second feeding hole is formed in the bottom of the reaction tank, and the second feeding hole is slidably connected with the outer wall of the cavity;
furthermore, a plurality of baffles are arranged inside the reaction tank, one ends of the baffles are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the reaction tank, and S-shaped channels are longitudinally formed among the baffles;
a blue algae deep dehydration treatment method based on osmotic pressure comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out primary dehydration on the blue algae to obtain concentrated algae slurry;
s2, putting the concentrated algae slurry in the S1 into an osmotic pressure solution, and deeply dehydrating the concentrated algae slurry;
s3, dehydrating the blue algae which is deeply dehydrated in the S2 again to obtain a separation solution and dry blue algae;
s4, pouring the separation solution in the S3 back into the osmotic pressure solution in the S2;
s5, separating out fresh water in the osmotic pressure solution in the S4;
further, the osmotic pressure solution in step S2 is higher than the osmotic pressure of the cyanobacteria cell sap, and the osmotic pressure pi of the osmotic pressure solution is calculated by the following formula:
π＝cRT
wherein c is the quantity concentration of solute particle substances, R is an ideal gas constant, T is the ambient temperature, and the value range of the quantity concentration c of the solute particle substances is 0.1-2.0 mol/L;
further, step S2 specifically includes: preparing osmotic pressure solution, mixing the blue algae in the S1 with the osmotic pressure solution until the blue algae floats on the surface of the osmotic pressure solution to obtain the blue algae with intracellular water removed;
step S3 specifically includes: dehydrating the blue algae in the S2 again to obtain the blue algae with extracellular water removed and a separation solution;
step S5 specifically includes: pressurizing to separate out intracellular water separated from the blue algae in the osmotic pressure solution in S4;
further, the preliminary dehydration mode in the step S1 is one of artificial coarse filtration, gill-type bionic filtration, mechanical fine filtration, flocculation air flotation and flocculation magnetic separation, and the osmotic pressure solution in the step S2 is an inorganic salt solution;
further, the inorganic salt solution is a sodium chloride solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing blue algae dehydration mode in which chemical agents are added, the dehydration treatment system is simple in preparation process, does not need to add various chemical agents, does not need to stir the blue algae, does not relate to the process of discharging solution, is extremely environment-friendly, and can be used for continuously dehydrating a plurality of batches of blue algae based on the principle of osmotic pressure water, so that the blue algae with low water content can be obtained finally, and the dehydration efficiency is high.
2. The intracellular water of the blue algae can be rapidly removed through the high osmotic pressure solution under the condition of not damaging the cell wall of the blue algae, thereby effectively avoiding the discharge of algal toxins in the blue algae cells and ensuring the reaction environment in the reaction tank.
3. Compared with the previous blue algae dehydration mode of using pressure filtration as ultrasonic wave, the dehydration treatment device has the advantages of simple principle, simple structure, simple and convenient operation, time and labor saving, no energy consumption, simple preparation process of high osmotic pressure solution and easy implementation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention as a whole;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the position structure of the slag scraping assembly of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of portion B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the position structure of the chute and the aggregate net of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base and chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the position structure of the baffle of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the morphology of microcystis when a 0% NaCl solution is used in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the morphology of microcystis when a 2% sodium chloride solution is used in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the morphology of microcystis when a 3% sodium chloride solution is used in the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the morphology of microcystis when a 5% sodium chloride solution is used in the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a line graph showing the change in volume based on the change in morphology of microcystis according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the dehydration process method of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the morphological changes of the microcystis before the second experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the morphological changes of the microcystis after the second experiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a reaction tank; 11. a discharge port; 12. a second feeding hole; 2. a rotatable feed cavity; 21. a base; 211. a notch; 22. a cavity; 221. a first feeding hole; 3. a baffle plate; 4. a slag scraping assembly; 41. a first conveyor belt; 42. a squeegee; 43. a rotating shaft; 5. a lifting assembly; 51. a second conveyor belt; 52. a feeding plate; 521. a support plate; 522. a collection screen; 523. a chute; 53. a first runner; 54. a second runner; 55. a bump; 8. a liquid level alarm; 9. and (4) a densimeter.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): referring to fig. 1-14, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a blue algae deep dehydration treatment system based on osmotic pressure comprises a reaction tank 1, wherein a rotatable feeding cavity 2 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank 1, a discharge hole 11 is formed in the top of the reaction tank 1, an osmotic pressure solution is filled in the reaction tank 1, the pressure of the osmotic pressure solution is greater than that of cell sap, and the osmotic pressure solution is used for removing intracellular water of materials;
through the inside osmotic pressure solution of reaction tank 1 and the intensive mixing of blue alga, based on the osmotic pressure principle, when blue alga and solution mix, the intracellular water of blue alga can outwards ooze, has just also accomplished the degree of depth dehydration of blue alga when the intracellular water oozes, is the intracellular water of taking off the blue alga this moment, in the middle of the blue alga dehydration is applied to the osmotic pressure principle for the dehydration efficiency of blue alga obtains very big promotion, after osmotic pressure solution and blue alga mix, the volume of blue alga cell is showing before the feeding than the blue alga volume and is reducing.
The top of the reaction tank 1 is provided with a slag scraping component 4 and a lifting component 5, the lifting component 5 is arranged on one side of the slag scraping component 4, one side of the reaction tank 1 is provided with a centrifugal machine, and the other side of the reaction tank 1 is provided with a reverse osmosis device; the slag scraping component 4 is used for transmitting materials on the surface of osmotic pressure solution to the lifting component 5, the lifting component 5 is used for transmitting the materials to the centrifuge, a liquid collecting tank is arranged on the outer side of the centrifuge and detachably connected with the centrifuge, the centrifuge is used for removing extracellular water of the materials, the liquid collecting tank is used for collecting the extracellular water removed by the centrifuge, a transmission pipeline is arranged between the reaction tank 1 and the reverse osmosis device 7, a liquid level alarm 8 and a density meter 9 are arranged at the top of the reaction tank 1, the liquid level alarm 8 is used for detecting whether the osmotic pressure solution overflows, and the density meter 9 is used for detecting the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution in the reaction tank 1;
the slag scraping component 4 is used for removing suspended impurities accumulated to a certain degree, and in the dehydration treatment system, the slag scraping component 4 is used for concentrating blue algae floating on the surface of osmotic pressure solution from one side far away from the lifting component 5 to one side close to the lifting component 5 to play a role in pushing the blue algae. At the moment, the concentrated blue algae are lifted from the inside of the reaction tank 1 by utilizing the lifting assembly 5 and are transmitted to the centrifuge, the solution on the surfaces of the blue algae and the blue algae can be separated by the centrifuge, the liquid collecting tank is used for collecting the osmotic pressure solution outside the blue algae cells separated by the centrifuge, and the collected solution is poured back to the inside of the reaction tank 1 by disassembling the liquid collecting tank and is used for ensuring that the solute amount in the reaction tank 1 cannot be lost too much within a certain range; at the moment, osmotic pressure solution and intracellular water separated from blue algae are arranged in the reaction tank 1, and the reverse osmosis device is used for pressurizing and separating out the intracellular water, so that the osmotic pressure solution separating out the intracellular water returns to the inside of the reaction tank, and the next operation is convenient to carry out; if the blue algae amount added in the reaction tank 1 exceeds a certain range, the liquid level of the osmotic pressure solution in the reaction tank 1 rises along with the increase of the blue algae amount, the liquid level of the osmotic pressure solution is detected by the liquid level alarm 8, the problem of solution overflow in the reaction tank 1 can be effectively avoided, the density of the osmotic pressure solution can be measured in real time by the densimeter 9, the concentration value of the osmotic pressure solution is measured, and the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution can be maintained within a certain range.
The slag scraping component 4 comprises a first transmission belt 41 and a scraping plate 42, one end of the scraping plate 42 is fixedly connected with the first transmission belt 41, two ends of the first transmission belt 41 are respectively provided with a rotating shaft 43, the rotating shafts 43 are in transmission connection with the first transmission belt 41, two ends of each rotating shaft 43 are respectively in rotation connection with the reaction tank 1, the lifting component 5 comprises a second transmission belt 51 and a plurality of feeding plates 52, the second transmission belt 51 is obliquely arranged, one end of the second transmission belt 51 is provided with a first rotating wheel 53, and the other end of the second transmission belt 51 is provided with a second rotating wheel 54; one end of each of the plurality of feeding plates 52 is fixedly connected with the second conveyor belt 51, the distance between every two adjacent feeding plates 52 is equal to the circumference of the first rotating wheel 53, and the first rotating wheel 53 is provided with a bump 55;
one of the rotating shafts 43 is driven by a motor to rotate, so that the first transmission belt 41 drives the scraper 42 to reciprocate, the function of concentrating blue algae from one side to the lifting component 5 is realized, the second transmission belt 51 is obliquely arranged and used for lifting the blue algae in the reaction tank 1 and transmitting the blue algae to the centrifuge, the first transmission belt 51 is also driven by the motor to run, the second transmission belt 54 can be arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank, the second transmission belt 51 and the first transmission belt 53 can be arranged on other supporting components, which is not described herein, the feeding plate 52 moved to the position of the second transmission belt 51E is used for receiving the blue algae to lift the blue algae, the feeding plate 52 moved to the position of the second transmission belt 51D is used for pouring the blue algae to the centrifuge, the bump 55 is used for generating the height fluctuation difference, because a part of the first transmission belt 53 is in contact with the second transmission belt 51, and a part of the first transmission belt 53 is not in contact with the second transmission belt 51, when the bumps 55 follow the first pulley 53 from a position contacting the second conveyor belt 51 to a position not contacting the second conveyor belt 51, that is, at the point C where the bumps 55 are momentarily disengaged from the contact point of the second conveyor belt 51, so that the feeding plate 52 instantly generates a height drop when the material is poured, and a single vibration force is provided for the feeding plate 52 at the moment, which is beneficial to the separation of the blue algae and the feeding plate 52, and achieves the effect of reducing the blue algae attached on the feeding plate 52, the blue algae are all led into the centrifuge, the distance L between two adjacent feeding plates 52 is the same with the circumference of the first rotating wheel 53, so that the lug 55 can jack up one feeding plate 52 at the point A with each rotation of the first rotating wheel 53, when the convex block 55 rotates to the point C, the feeding plate 52 is just in the material pouring state at the point D and the jacking force of the convex block 55 is just removed, which is beneficial to improving the material pouring efficiency of each feeding plate 52.
The feeding plate 52 comprises two supporting plates 521 and an aggregate net 522, the bottoms of the two supporting plates 521 are fixedly connected with the second conveyor belt 51, sliding grooves 523 are formed in the corresponding surfaces of the two supporting plates 521, and the two sides of the aggregate net 522 are slidably connected with the sliding grooves 523;
the supporting plate 521 is used for fixing the aggregate net 522, the aggregate net 522 is used for receiving the blue-green algae collected in the reaction tank 1 and filtering water back to the reaction tank 1, the chute is convenient for the aggregate net 522 to slide, the aggregate net 522 moves to the feeding plate 52 at the bottommost of the left end of the second conveying belt 51, the aggregate net 522 slides downwards at the lowest end of the chute 523 due to the gravity of the blue-green algae, the feeding plate 52 moving to the topmost of the right end of the second conveying belt 51 slides to the other end of the chute 523 due to the dumping of the blue-green algae and the gravity of the aggregate net 522, in fact, the aggregate net 522 slides to the lowest end of the chute 523 (the middle is provided with a vertical overturning process), the blue-green algae can be further shaken by the sliding of the aggregate net 522 from one end of the chute 523 to the other end, the effect of further preventing the blue-green algae from being attached to the aggregate net 522 is achieved, meanwhile, when the feeding plate 52 is poured, the lug 55 can vibrate the feeding plate 52, is used for preventing the aggregate net 522 from being stuck inside the chute 523 and preventing the blue algae from being blocked between the aggregate net 522 and the chute 523.
The rotatable feeding cavity 2 comprises a base 21 and a cavity 22, the base 21 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the reaction tank 1, the longitudinal section of the cavity 22 is circular, the base 21 is rotatably connected with the cavity 2, a notch 211 is formed in the base 21, a first feeding hole 221 is formed in the cavity 22, a second feeding hole 12 is formed in the bottom of the reaction tank 1, and the second feeding hole 12 is slidably connected with the outer wall of the cavity 22; a plurality of baffles 3 are arranged inside the reaction tank 1, one ends of the baffles 3 are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, and S-shaped channels are longitudinally formed among the baffles 3;
the rotatable feeding cavity 2 is used for adding blue-green algae into the reaction tank 1, the rotatable feeding cavity 2 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank 1 to enable the blue-green algae to be fully mixed with osmotic pressure solution from bottom to top, the dehydration time of the blue-green algae can be further increased through the baffle plate 3, the passing route of the blue-green algae in the reaction tank 1 is S-shaped, so that the blue-green algae is fully dehydrated, the dehydration quality of the blue-green algae is further ensured, the notch 211 and the first feed inlet 221 are used for adding the blue-green algae, the blue-green algae is filled in the cavity 22, the first feed inlet 221 is aligned with the second feed inlet 12 through manual rotation of the cavity 22, the blue-green algae can be floated by reaction solution at the moment, the cavity 22 is used for feeding next time, the reaction solution in the cavity 22 can return to the reaction tank 1 through a manual method, the baffle plate 3 is used for increasing the rising time of the blue-green algae in the reaction tank 1, because the reaction environment is osmotic pressure solution, the blue-green algae will float rapidly once entering into the reaction tank 1, the rise time of the blue-green algae can be slowed down through the baffle 3, so that the blue-green algae is fully dehydrated under the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution, the optimal inclination angle between the baffle 3 and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, at the moment, because the suspended blue-green algae receives the horizontal force that the baffle 3 faces downwards and leftwards (or rightwards) is the same, under the condition that the blue-green algae and the solution have sufficient reaction time, the blue-green algae can not be blocked from floating upwards.
A blue algae deep dehydration treatment method based on osmotic pressure comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out primary dehydration on the blue algae to obtain concentrated algae slurry; in the step S1, the preliminary dehydration mode adopts one of artificial coarse filtration, gill type bionic filtration, mechanical fine filtration, flocculation air flotation and flocculation magnetic separation;
s2, putting the concentrated algae slurry in the S1 into an osmotic pressure solution, and deeply dehydrating the concentrated algae slurry; the osmotic pressure solution is one or more of inorganic salt solutions; the osmotic pressure solution can be a common sucrose solution, a sodium chloride solution and the like, can also be a sodium salt solution, a magnesium salt solution, a calcium salt solution and the like, certainly can be not a salt solution, can be any osmotic pressure solution as long as the osmotic pressure solution is an osmotic pressure solution, can even be seawater if the conditions allow, is a hypertonic solution, and when a cell or an organism is immersed into a certain solution, water seeps out of the cell, the solution shows hypertonicity and is called as a hypertonic solution, the osmotic pressure solution is simple to prepare, easy to obtain and free of pollution, and the blue algae can float after entering the osmotic pressure solution; the method specifically comprises the following steps: preparing osmotic pressure solution, wherein the quantity concentration of solute particle substances in the osmotic pressure solution is 0.1-2.0mol/L, and mixing the blue algae in S1 with the osmotic pressure solution until the blue algae floats on the surface of the osmotic pressure solution to obtain the blue algae with intracellular water removed.
S3, carrying out centrifugation on the blue algae subjected to deep dehydration in the S2 for secondary dehydration to obtain a separation solution and dried blue algae; the separation solution refers to extracellular water of blue algae.
S4, pouring the separation solution in the S3 back into the osmotic pressure solution in the S2;
s5, separating out fresh water in the osmotic pressure solution in the S4 through reverse osmosis pressurization; in particular to the pressurized precipitation of intracellular water released from blue algae in osmotic pressure solution in S4.
The osmotic pressure solution in the step S2 is higher than the osmotic pressure of the cyanobacteria cell sap, and the osmotic pressure pi of the osmotic pressure solution is calculated by the following formula:
π＝cRT
wherein c is the quantity concentration of solute particle substances, R is an ideal gas constant, T is the ambient temperature, and the value range of the quantity concentration c of the solute particle substances is 0.1-2.0 mol/L;
c, in the concentration range of 0.1-2.0mol/L, the method is used for ensuring that the structure of the blue algae cells is not damaged, and simultaneously, the method is also used for achieving the effect of deeply removing the water in the blue algae cell sap by utilizing the osmotic pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane; the solute particles are all substances capable of dissolving water, the ionization degree and the dissolution degree of different solutes in water are different, no matter what solute, the quantity concentration c of solute molecules and total substances of ionized solute ions in the solution is in a range, and the solution can be used as an osmotic pressure solution in the invention, and the sodium chloride solution selected in the invention can remove the intracellular water of the blue algae and can prevent the blue algae cells from being damaged in the concentration range of 0.1-2.0 mol/L.
The whole experimental operation process in this example is:
the method comprises the steps of primarily dehydrating and removing extracellular water from blue algae, reducing the influence on the reaction environment of a reaction tank → removing the intracellular water through the reaction of the blue algae and osmotic pressure solution → conveying the blue algae to a feeding plate by a scraper plate → conveying the blue algae to a centrifugal machine for removing the extracellular water again → obtaining dry blue algae (only containing a small amount of intracellular water) → returning the extracellular water containing part of solutes of the blue algae to the reaction tank → separating the intracellular water removed from the blue algae in the reaction tank by a reverse osmosis device → carrying out the next batch of the intracellular water removal of the blue algae.
The initial water containing condition of the blue algae comprises extracellular water and intracellular water, the blue algae is fished up from the water and is primarily dehydrated, only the extracellular water of the blue algae can be removed at the moment, but the intracellular water of the blue algae cannot be removed, then the water in the blue algae cells can seep out of the cells from the cells because the blue algae exists in the environment of osmotic pressure solution, the intracellular water of the blue algae is removed at the moment, and because the blue algae is still in the environment of the osmotic pressure solution, only a small amount of intracellular water exists in the blue algae cells and water exists outside the cells, the extracellular water is the osmotic pressure solution, the water outside the blue algae cells which is removed, namely part of the osmotic pressure solution, can be collected by the collecting tank after the blue algae is dehydrated by the centrifugal machine, then the collecting tank is detached to return the solution to the reaction tank, the method replaces the conventional mode that the separated or separated solution needs to be discharged to the external environment, can effectively avoid the influence of the external environment caused by the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution, and has an important effect on environmental protection; when the blue algae floats on the surface of the osmotic pressure solution from bottom to top in the reaction tank, the dehydration of water in the blue algae cell is completed, at the moment, the water in the blue algae cell seeps out of the cell, namely the water in the blue algae cell seeps out and is fused with the osmotic pressure solution, at the moment, the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution is relatively reduced, a part of solute is taken away by the blue algae, the osmotic pressure solution with the reduced concentration can influence the dehydration of the following blue algae, at the moment, the solution in the reaction tank is pumped into a reverse osmosis device through a water suction pump and a transmission pipeline, the osmotic pressure solution with the reduced concentration is pressurized by a pump of the reverse osmosis device, the water can permeate to the part with the lower concentration from the part with the higher concentration, part of the water in the osmotic pressure solution is discharged, and the osmotic pressure solution with the discharged water is returned to the inside of the reaction tank, so that the function of maintaining the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution within a certain range is realized, the next blue algae dehydration is convenient.
The arrangement of the liquid collecting tank has two purposes: one is that the method can replace the mode that the solution separated out or separated out in the past needs to be discharged to the external environment, and has important effect on environmental protection; secondly, the total amount of the osmotic pressure solution is maintained in a certain range in the reaction tank, because the water removed by the centrifugal machine contains a part of solute, the solute is poured back into the reaction tank, and the concentration of the original osmotic pressure solution is ensured to be not greatly different from the original concentration when the solution is operated by a following reverse osmosis device; the reverse osmosis device is arranged for two purposes: firstly, the concentration of osmotic pressure solution is maintained in a certain range, so that the following blue-green algae is still carried out in a reaction environment with osmotic pressure difference, and partial solvent is permeated by utilizing a reverse osmosis membrane of a reverse osmosis device 7 under the pressure, thereby realizing the effect of maintaining the concentration of the osmotic pressure solution (not necessarily returning to the original concentration value), namely continuously realizing the effect of dehydrating a plurality of batches of blue-green algae; secondly, the problem that more and more osmotic pressure solution in the reaction tank 1 causes the osmotic pressure solution to overflow out of the reaction tank 1 when blue algae is added later is avoided.
The method comprises the following steps of adding blue algae into a reaction tank for soaking, performing the following experiments according to different high osmotic pressure solutions, adopting a NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2% -5% as the high osmotic pressure solution, and adopting water without solute in comparison conditions, dehydrating the blue algae by utilizing the dehydration treatment method, and obtaining the blue algae water content value with the following changes after soaking (the soaking time is 15min), micro-measuring the volume change of the blue algae, collecting, sampling, measuring and weighing:
in the embodiment 1, a sodium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 2% is adopted, the sodium chloride solution and the algae liquid collected in the field are mixed according to a ratio of 2:1 after primary dehydration, the diameters of 10 cyanobacterial cells are randomly observed by using a 40 × 10 optical microscope, and the average volume is counted:
example 2: the method is the same as that of example 1 except that a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3% is adopted;
example 3: the method is the same as that of example 1 except that a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 5% is adopted;
after the untreated algae liquid and the algae liquid treated by the 5% sodium chloride solution are respectively filtered, the water content in cell walls is measured by a thermogravimetric analysis method, the water content in the collected cyanobacteria cells is found to be 80%, the water content in the cyanobacteria cells treated by the sodium chloride solution is 48%, the dehydration rate is 32%, and the dehydration rate can reach about 30% after repeated experiments, for example, fig. 13 is a diagram of the form of the microcystis before the experiment again, fig. 14 is a diagram of the form of the microcystis after the experiment by adopting the sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 5%, and the two are used as comparison, and the dehydration rate of the cyanobacteria cells after the experiment reaches 30%.
Sodium chloride solution formulations of different concentrations in the above examples:
| concentration/mol.L of sodium chloride solution-1 | 0.34 | 0.51 | 0.86 |
| Amount of sodium chloride/g | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| Total volume/ml | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| Mass concentration of |
2％ | 3％ | 5％ |
| The quantity concentration of solute substance (calculated by NaCl molecule)/mol.L-1 | 0.34 | 0.51 | 0.85 |
| The quantity concentration (calculated by sodium ions and chloride ions) of solute ion substances/mol.L-1 | 0.68 | 1.02 | 1.71 |
| The amount of solute ion substances in the reaction solution is concentrated/mol.L after being mixed with the algae solution according to the ratio of 2:1-1 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 1.14 |
According to the three tests (each comprising 10 subgroups) of different concentrations (2%, 3%, 5% sodium chloride solution) in the examples, the following general comparative table was obtained:
the following conclusions were drawn from the above experiments:
from the above data and the accompanying FIG. 11, it can be seen that: under the osmotic pressure of sodium chloride solution, the cyanobacteria cells remove water in the cells, the diameter is reduced, the volume is reduced, the cyanobacteria soaked by 2 percent sodium chloride solution is compared with the initial condition, and the microcystis is a dominant population through sampling observationVolume after soaking in osmotic pressure solution is from 4.11 μm3Reduced to 3.27 μm3(ii) a Compared with the original condition, the blue algae soaked by 3 percent sodium chloride solution has the volume of 4.11 mu m after sampling and observation3Reduced to 2.45 μm3(ii) a Compared with the original condition, the blue algae soaked by the 5 percent sodium chloride solution is sampled and observed to reduce the diameter of the micro-capsule algae from 2.23 to 1.74 and the volume of the micro-capsule algae from 4.11 mu m3Reduced to 2.42 μm3(ii) a Thus, it can be seen that: the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is improved, the dehydration degree of the blue algae cells can be increased, but the reduction amount of the volume of the micro-capsule algae cells in the blue algae is reduced in the high-concentration solution (the sodium chloride solution is more than 5 percent), and the possibility of cell wall breakage is increased, so that the cell walls of the blue algae cannot be damaged due to overhigh solution concentration, an ideal dehydration effect is achieved, the sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration range of 2-5 percent is suitable, and the dehydration effect of the 5 percent sodium chloride solution is optimal.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a blue alga degree of depth dehydration processing system based on osmotic pressure which characterized in that: including reaction tank (1), reaction tank (1) bottom is equipped with rotatable feeding chamber (2), reaction tank (1) top is equipped with discharge gate (11), the inside osmotic pressure solution that is equipped with of reaction tank (1), the pressure of osmotic pressure solution is greater than the pressure of cell sap, the osmotic pressure solution is used for taking off the water in the material cell.
2. The system for deeply dehydrating the blue algae based on osmotic pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top of the discharge port (11) is provided with a slag scraping component (4) and a lifting component (5), the lifting component (5) is arranged on one side of the slag scraping component (4), one side of the reaction tank (1) is provided with a centrifugal machine, and the other side of the reaction tank is provided with a reverse osmosis device; the slag scraping assembly (4) is used for conveying materials on the surface of osmotic pressure solution to the lifting assembly (5), the lifting assembly (5) is used for conveying the materials to the centrifugal machine, a liquid collecting tank is arranged on the outer side of the centrifugal machine and detachably connected with the centrifugal machine, the centrifugal machine is used for removing water outside cells of the materials, the liquid collecting tank is used for collecting the water outside the cells removed by the centrifugal machine, and a conveying pipeline is arranged between the reaction tank (1) and the reverse osmosis device.
3. The system for deeply dehydrating the blue algae based on osmotic pressure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the slag scraping assembly (4) comprises a first transmission belt (41) and a scraping plate (42), one end of the scraping plate (42) is fixedly connected with the first transmission belt (41), rotating shafts (43) are arranged at two ends of the first transmission belt (41), the rotating shafts (43) are in transmission connection with the first transmission belt (41), two ends of each rotating shaft (43) are in rotation connection with the reaction tank (1), the lifting assembly (5) comprises a second transmission belt (51) and a plurality of feeding plates (52), the second transmission belt (51) is obliquely arranged, a first rotating wheel (53) is arranged at one end of the second transmission belt (51), and a second rotating wheel (54) is arranged at the other end of the second transmission belt; one end of each of the feeding plates (52) is fixedly connected with the second conveying belt (51), the distance between every two adjacent feeding plates (52) is equal to the circumference of the first rotating wheel (53), and the first rotating wheel (53) is provided with a convex block (55).
4. The system for deeply dehydrating the blue algae based on osmotic pressure as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the feeding plate (52) comprises two supporting plates (521) and an aggregate net (522), the bottoms of the two supporting plates (521) are fixedly connected with the second conveyor belt (51), sliding grooves (523) are formed in the corresponding surfaces of the two supporting plates (521), and two sides of the aggregate net (522) are slidably connected with the sliding grooves (523).
5. The system for deeply dehydrating the blue algae based on osmotic pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: rotatable feeding chamber (2) include base (21) and cavity (22), base (21) and reaction tank (1) bottom fixed connection, the longitudinal section of cavity (22) is circular, base (21) and cavity (22) rotatable coupling, notch (211) have been seted up on base (21), feed inlet (221) have been seted up on cavity (22), feed inlet two (12) have been seted up to reaction tank (1) bottom, feed inlet two (12) and cavity (22) outer wall sliding connection, reaction tank (1) inside is equipped with a plurality of baffle (3), a plurality of baffle (3) one end all with reaction tank (1) inner wall fixed connection, a plurality of vertically form the passageway of S-shaped between baffle (3).
6. A blue algae deep dehydration treatment method based on osmotic pressure is characterized in that: the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out primary dehydration on the blue algae;
s2, putting the blue algae subjected to preliminary dehydration in S1 into osmotic pressure solution, and deeply dehydrating the blue algae;
s3, carrying out centrifugation on the blue algae subjected to deep dehydration in the S2 for secondary dehydration to obtain a separation solution and dried blue algae;
s4, pouring the separation solution in the S3 back into the osmotic pressure solution in the S2;
s5, separating out the fresh water in the osmotic pressure solution in the S4 through reverse osmosis.
7. The deep dehydration treatment method of blue algae based on osmotic pressure according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step S2, the pressure of the osmotic pressure solution is higher than that of the cyanobacteria cell sap, and the osmotic pressure pi of the osmotic pressure solution is calculated by the following formula:
π＝cRT
wherein c is the quantity concentration of solute particle substances, R is an ideal gas constant, T is the ambient temperature, and the value range of the quantity concentration c of the solute particle substances is 0.1-2.0 mol/L.
8. The deep dehydration treatment method of blue algae based on osmotic pressure according to claim 7, characterized in that:
step S2 specifically includes: preparing osmotic pressure solution, mixing the blue algae in the S1 with the osmotic pressure solution until the blue algae floats on the surface of the osmotic pressure solution to obtain the blue algae with intracellular water removed;
step S3 specifically includes: centrifuging the blue algae in the S2 for dehydration again to obtain the blue algae with extracellular water removed and a separation solution;
step S5 specifically includes: and (4) precipitating intracellular water removed from the blue algae in the osmotic pressure solution in the S4 by reverse osmosis pressurization.
9. The deep dehydration treatment method of blue algae based on osmotic pressure according to claim 7, characterized in that: the preliminary dehydration in step S1 is performed by one of filtration, air flotation, and flocculation separation, and the osmotic pressure solution in step S2 is an inorganic salt solution.
10. The deep dehydration treatment method of blue algae based on osmotic pressure according to claim 9, characterized in that: the inorganic salt solution is a sodium chloride solution.
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