CN113489113A - Control system of battery pack - Google Patents

Control system of battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113489113A
CN113489113A CN202110880042.9A CN202110880042A CN113489113A CN 113489113 A CN113489113 A CN 113489113A CN 202110880042 A CN202110880042 A CN 202110880042A CN 113489113 A CN113489113 A CN 113489113A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrically connected
port
diode
switch
input
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Granted
Application number
CN202110880042.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113489113B (en
Inventor
匡国芳
段隆珙
罗华田
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Shanghai Baicheng Electric Equipment Manufacture Co Ltd
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Shanghai Baicheng Electric Equipment Manufacture Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110880042.9A priority Critical patent/CN113489113B/en
Publication of CN113489113A publication Critical patent/CN113489113A/en
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Publication of CN113489113B publication Critical patent/CN113489113B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a control system of a battery pack, which comprises: the device comprises a control unit, at least two driving units, a pre-charging circuit, a power supply circuit, at least two switches, at least two groups of input port groups and one group of output port groups; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the power supply circuit, and the driving unit and the power supply circuit are both electrically connected with the control unit; the at least two driving units comprise a first driving unit and a second driving unit, the at least two switches comprise a first switch and a second switch, the at least two groups of input ports comprise a first input port group and a second input port group, the first input port group comprises a first input positive port, a first input negative port and a first communication port, the second input port group comprises a second input positive port, a second input negative port and a second communication port, and the output port group comprises an output positive port, an output negative port and a third communication port. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the parallel use of the battery packs.

Description

Control system of battery pack
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to a battery control technology, in particular to a control system of a battery pack.
Background
With the increasing popularity of lithium batteries in electric tools such as electric bicycles and outdoor portable energy storage industries, the market demand for high-capacity and high-power lithium battery packs is also increasing. However, due to the fact that price and volume of a single high-capacity lithium battery in the market are limited, along with the increasing appearance of cost pressure, the demand of electric tools and outdoor portable energy storage manufacturers on a control system for parallel connection of a plurality of cheap and good lithium batteries is more urgent. Therefore, a control system is required to reasonably control the battery pack.
At present, the existing battery pack usually achieves the large capacity required by connecting a plurality of single battery cells in parallel, however, the larger the capacity of the battery pack is, the higher the product price is, and the larger the volume is, the inconvenience is brought to use, and most of the single battery packs with the same voltage and capacity specification have shorter service time, which affects the use effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a control system of a battery pack, which is used for realizing parallel connection of the battery pack and providing long-time power for equipment needing large capacity.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a control system for a battery pack, including: the device comprises a control unit, at least two driving units, a pre-charging circuit, a power supply circuit, at least two switches, at least two groups of input port groups and one group of output port groups; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the power supply circuit, and the driving unit and the power supply circuit are both electrically connected with the control unit;
the at least two driving units comprise a first driving unit and a second driving unit, the at least two switches comprise a first switch and a second switch, the at least two groups of input ports comprise a first input port group and a second input port group, the first input port group comprises a first input positive electrode port, a first input negative electrode port and a first communication port, the second input port group comprises a second input positive electrode port, a second input negative electrode port and a second communication port, and the output port group comprises an output positive electrode port, an output negative electrode port and a third communication port;
the first input positive electrode port is electrically connected with a first end of the first switch, a second end of the first switch is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port, a control end of the first switch is electrically connected with the first driving unit, the first input positive electrode port is also electrically connected with the pre-charging circuit, the first input negative electrode port and the second input negative electrode port are both electrically connected with the output negative electrode port, and the first input positive electrode port, the first communication interface, the second input positive electrode port, the second communication interface and the third communication interface are all electrically connected with the control unit;
the second input positive electrode port is electrically connected with the first end of the second switch, the second end of the second switch is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port, the control end of the second switch is electrically connected with the second driving unit, and the second input positive electrode port is also electrically connected with the pre-charging circuit;
the control unit is used for controlling the on-off of the first switch through the first driving unit according to the information of one battery pack acquired by the first communication port, and controlling the on-off of the second switch through the second driving unit according to the information of the other battery pack acquired by the second communication port.
Optionally, the control system further includes a first diode, a second diode, and a third diode;
the second end of the first switch is electrically connected with the output anode port through a first diode, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the second end of the first switch, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the output anode port; the second end of the second switch is electrically connected with the output anode port through a second diode, the anode of the second diode is electrically connected with the second end of the second switch, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the output anode port; the output end of the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the power supply circuit through a third diode, the anode of the third diode is electrically connected with the output end of the pre-charging circuit, and the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected with the power supply circuit.
Optionally, the first switch and the second switch are both MOS transistors, and the MOS transistors include a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor;
a first pole of the first MOS tube is used as a first end of the first switch, a second pole of the first MOS tube is used as a second end of the first switch, and a grid electrode of the first MOS tube is used as a control end of the first switch; the first pole of the second MOS tube is used as the first end of the second switch, the second pole of the second MOS tube is used as the second end of the second switch, and the grid of the second MOS tube is used as the control end of the second switch.
Optionally, the control system further includes a third MOS transistor, a fourth MOS transistor, a first voltage regulator diode, and a second voltage regulator diode;
the second end of the first switch is electrically connected with the output anode port through a third MOS tube, the first pole of the third MOS tube is electrically connected with the second pole of the first MOS tube, the first pole of the third MOS tube is also electrically connected with the anode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode, the grid of the third MOS tube is electrically connected with the grid of the first MOS tube, the grid of the third MOS tube is also electrically connected with the cathode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode, and the second pole of the third MOS tube is electrically connected with the output anode port; the second end of the second switch is electrically connected with the output anode port through a fourth MOS tube, the first pole of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the second pole of the second MOS tube, the first pole of the fourth MOS tube is also electrically connected with the anode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode, the grid of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the grid of the second MOS tube, the grid of the fourth MOS tube is also electrically connected with the cathode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode, and the second pole of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the output anode port.
Optionally, the pre-charge circuit includes a fifth MOS transistor, a sixth MOS transistor, a third zener diode, a fourth zener diode, and a fourth diode;
the negative electrode of the third voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the first input positive electrode port and the second input positive electrode port, the negative electrode of the third voltage stabilizing diode is also electrically connected with the first electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube is electrically connected with the control unit, the second electrode of the fifth MOS tube is grounded, the positive electrode of the third voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the first electrode of the sixth MOS tube, the second electrode of the sixth MOS tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the fourth voltage stabilizing diode, the negative electrode of the fourth voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube, the positive electrode of the fourth voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the fourth diode, and the negative electrode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the power supply circuit.
Optionally, the first driving unit includes a first driving chip and a first start voltage compensation circuit;
the first input end of the first driving chip is electrically connected with the control unit, the first output end of the first driving chip is electrically connected with the control end of the first switch, the input end of the first starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the control unit, and the output end of the first starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the power supply end of the first driving chip; the control unit is used for transmitting the output PWM pulse signal to the first starting voltage compensation circuit and controlling the on-off of the first starting voltage compensation circuit through the PWM pulse signal.
Optionally, the first starting voltage compensation circuit includes a first triode, a second triode and a fifth diode;
the base electrode of the first triode is electrically connected with the control unit, the first pole of the first triode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the second triode, the second pole of the first triode is grounded, the first pole of the second triode is electrically connected with the first input positive electrode port, the second pole of the second triode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the fifth diode, the negative electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the second triode, and the second pole of the second triode is electrically connected with the power supply end of the first driving chip.
Optionally, the second driving unit includes a second driving chip and a second starting voltage compensation circuit;
the first input end of the second driving chip is electrically connected with the control unit, the first output end of the second driving chip is electrically connected with the control end of the second switch, the input end of the second starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the control unit, and the output end of the second starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the power supply end of the second driving chip; the control unit is used for transmitting the output PWM pulse signal to the second starting voltage compensation circuit and controlling the on-off of the second starting voltage compensation circuit through the PWM pulse signal.
Optionally, the second starting voltage compensation circuit includes a third triode, a fourth triode and a sixth diode;
the base electrode of the third triode is electrically connected with the control unit, the first pole of the third triode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode, the second pole of the third triode is grounded, the first pole of the fourth triode is electrically connected with the second input positive electrode port, the second pole of the fourth triode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the sixth diode, the negative electrode of the sixth diode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode, and the second pole of the fourth triode is electrically connected with the power supply end of the second driving chip.
Optionally, the power supply circuit includes a first voltage conversion module and a second voltage conversion module;
the output end of the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the first voltage conversion module, the output end of the first voltage conversion module is electrically connected with the input end of the second voltage conversion module, the output end of the second voltage conversion module is electrically connected with the control unit, and the power supply circuit is used for supplying power to the control unit.
The control system of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a control unit, at least two driving units, a pre-charging circuit, a power supply circuit, at least two switches, at least two groups of input port groups and one group of output port groups; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the power supply circuit, and the driving unit and the power supply circuit are both electrically connected with the control unit; the at least two driving units comprise a first driving unit and a second driving unit, the at least two switches comprise a first switch and a second switch, the at least two groups of input ports comprise a first input port group and a second input port group, the first input port group comprises a first input positive electrode port, a first input negative electrode port and a first communication port, the second input port group comprises a second input positive electrode port, a second input negative electrode port and a second communication port, and the output port group comprises an output positive electrode port, an output negative electrode port and a third communication port; the control unit is used for controlling the on-off of the first switch through the first driving unit according to the information of one battery pack acquired by the first communication port, and controlling the on-off of the second switch through the second driving unit according to the information of the other battery pack acquired by the second communication port. According to the control system of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention, the on-off of the first switch is controlled through the control unit, the on-off of the second switch is controlled, the parallel connection of a plurality of battery packs can be realized, when the first switch is controlled to be conducted, the battery pack corresponding to the first switch outputs voltage, when the second switch is controlled to be conducted, the second switch is disconnected when the first switch is conducted, and when the first switch is disconnected, the second switch is conducted, namely the parallel connection of the plurality of battery packs is uninterrupted, the parallel connection of the plurality of battery packs can be realized, and the plurality of battery packs can be connected into the control system to obtain a plurality of times of large-capacity battery packs, so that long-time power can be provided for equipment needing large capacity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control system of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the embodiment is applicable to aspects such as controlling the battery pack, and the control system of the battery pack includes: the drive circuit comprises a control unit 10, at least two drive units 20, a pre-charge circuit 30, a power supply circuit 40, at least two switches 50, at least two sets of input ports 60 and one set of output ports 70.
The pre-charging circuit 30 is electrically connected with the power supply circuit 40, and both the driving unit 20 and the power supply circuit 40 are electrically connected with the control unit 10; the at least two drive units 20 comprise a first drive unit 21 and a second drive unit 22, the at least two switches 50 comprise a first switch 51 and a second switch 52, the at least two sets of input port groups 60 comprise a first input port group 61 and a second input port group 62, the first input port group 61 comprises a first input positive port 611, a first input negative port 612 and a first communication port 613, the second input port group 62 comprises a second input positive port 621, a second input negative port 622 and a second communication port 623, the output port group 70 comprises an output positive port 71, an output negative port 72 and a third communication port 73; the first input positive electrode port 611 is electrically connected with a first end of the first switch 51, the second end of the first switch 51 is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port 71, the control end of the first switch 51 is electrically connected with the first driving unit 21, the first input positive electrode port 611 is also electrically connected with the pre-charging circuit 30, the first input negative electrode port 612 and the second input negative electrode port 622 are both electrically connected with the output negative electrode port 72, and the first input positive electrode port 611, the first communication interface 613, the second input positive electrode port 621, the second communication interface 623 and the third communication interface 73 are all electrically connected with the control unit 10; the second input positive electrode port 621 is electrically connected to the first end of the second switch 52, the second end of the second switch 52 is electrically connected to the output positive electrode port 71, the control end of the second switch 52 is electrically connected to the second driving unit 22, and the second input positive electrode port 621 is further electrically connected to the precharge circuit 30; the control unit 10 is used for controlling the on/off of the first switch 51 through the first driving unit 21 according to the information of one battery pack collected by the first communication port 613, and for controlling the on/off of the second switch 52 through the second driving unit 22 according to the information of the other battery pack collected 623 by the second communication port.
Specifically, the output positive port 71, the output negative port 72, and the third communication port 73 may be connected to corresponding ports of an external device requiring power supply. Taking the control system controlling two battery packs, i.e. battery pack a and battery pack B, the port of the first input port group 61 is electrically connected to the corresponding port of battery pack a, and the port of the second input port group 62 is electrically connected to the corresponding port of battery pack B. The voltage of the battery pack A and the voltage of the battery pack B are transmitted to the pre-charging circuit 30 through the input port group, the pre-charging circuit 30 outputs the voltage to the power supply circuit 40, the power supply circuit 40 works normally and can output 3.3V voltage to the control unit 10, and the control unit 10 is activated to enter a working mode. The first communication port 613 may collect information such as voltage and temperature of the battery pack a, the second communication port 623 may collect information such as voltage and temperature of the battery pack B, and the first communication port 613 and the second communication port 623 transmit the respective collected information to the control unit 10. The control unit 10 determines the priority of the battery pack a and the priority of the battery pack B according to the received information, and if the priority of the battery pack a is higher than the priority of the battery pack B when the received voltage and temperature of the battery pack a and the voltage and temperature of the battery pack B are both normal, the first switch 51 may be controlled to be closed by the first driving unit 21, so that the electric energy of the battery pack a is transmitted to an external device to be powered through the output positive port 71 and the output negative port 72 of the control system. If the temperature of the battery pack a received by the control unit 10 is high and/or the voltage is abnormal, for example, the voltage is not higher than the preset over-discharge protection voltage, and the temperature and the voltage of the battery pack B are normal, it is determined that the priority of the battery pack B is higher than the priority of the battery pack a, the second switch 52 is controlled to be closed by the second driving unit 22, so that the electric energy of the battery pack B is transmitted to an external device needing power supply through the output positive electrode port 71 and the output negative electrode port 72 of the control system, thereby realizing the parallel connection of a plurality of battery packs.
According to the control system of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention, the on-off of the first switch is controlled through the control unit, the on-off of the second switch is controlled, the parallel connection of a plurality of battery packs can be realized, when the first switch is controlled to be conducted, the battery pack corresponding to the first switch outputs voltage, when the second switch is controlled to be conducted, the second switch is disconnected when the first switch is conducted, and when the first switch is disconnected, the second switch is conducted, namely the parallel connection of the plurality of battery packs is uninterrupted, the parallel connection of the plurality of battery packs can be realized, and the plurality of battery packs can be connected into the control system to obtain a plurality of times of large-capacity battery packs, so that long-time power can be provided for equipment needing large capacity.
With continued reference to fig. 1, optionally, the control system further includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a third diode D3; a second terminal of the first switch 51 is electrically connected to the output positive port 71 through a first diode D1, an anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first switch 51, and a cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the output positive port 71; a second terminal of the second switch 52 is electrically connected to the output anode port 71 through a second diode D2, an anode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switch 52, and a cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the output anode port 71; the output end of the pre-charging circuit 30 is electrically connected to the power supply circuit 40 through a third diode D3, the anode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the output end of the pre-charging circuit 30, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the power supply circuit 40.
Specifically, the first switch 51 is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode D1, and the second switch 52 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, so that the current output from the output anode port 71 is prevented from flowing backwards to the control system by the unidirectional conductivity of the diodes, thereby preventing the normal operation of the control system from being affected; the pre-charge circuit 30 is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode D3, and can prevent the current from the pre-charge circuit 30 to the power supply circuit 40 from flowing back to the pre-charge circuit 30.
Optionally, the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 are both MOS transistors, and the MOS transistors include a first MOS transistor M1 and a second MOS transistor M2; a first pole of the first MOS transistor M1 serves as a first terminal of the first switch 51, a second pole of the first MOS transistor M1 serves as a second terminal of the first switch 51, and a gate of the first MOS transistor M1 serves as a control terminal of the first switch 51; a first pole of the second MOS transistor M2 serves as a first terminal of the second switch 52, a second pole of the second MOS transistor M2 serves as a second terminal of the second switch 52, and a gate of the second MOS transistor M2 serves as a control terminal of the second switch 52.
Illustratively, the control unit 10 controls the first driving unit 21 to output a high level or a low level, for example, when the first driving unit 21 outputs a high level to the gate of the first MOS transistor M1, the first driving unit 21 may drive the first MOS transistor M1 to be turned on, so that the electric energy of the battery pack a is output through the control system. For another example, when the second driving unit 22 outputs a high level to the gate of the second MOS transistor M2, the second driving unit 22 can drive the second MOS transistor M2 to be turned on, so that the electric energy of the battery B is output through the control system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control system of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, optionally, the control system further includes a third MOS transistor M3, a fourth MOS transistor M4, a first zener diode Z1, and a second zener diode Z2; the second end of the first switch 51 is electrically connected with the output anode port 71 through a third MOS transistor M3, the first pole of the third MOS transistor M3 is electrically connected with the second pole of the first MOS transistor M1, the first pole of the third MOS transistor M3 is also electrically connected with the anode of the first zener diode Z1, the gate of the third MOS transistor M3 is electrically connected with the gate of the first MOS transistor M1, the gate of the third MOS transistor M3 is also electrically connected with the cathode of the first zener diode Z1, and the second pole of the third MOS transistor M3 is electrically connected with the output anode port 71; the second terminal of the second switch 52 is electrically connected to the output positive port 71 through a fourth MOS transistor M4, the first terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second MOS transistor M2, the first terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is also electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second zener diode Z2, the gate of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is electrically connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor M2, the gate of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is also electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second zener diode Z2, and the second terminal of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is electrically connected to the output positive port 71.
The first zener diode Z1 and the second zener diode Z2 may respectively regulate the voltages at two ends of each zener diode. The level output by the first driving unit 21 is transmitted to the gate of the first MOS transistor M1 and the gate of the third MOS transistor M3, and the level output by the second driving unit 22 is transmitted to the gate of the second MOS transistor M2 and the gate of the fourth MOS transistor M4. Because the high-voltage battery pack flows backwards to the low-voltage battery pack in series when the two battery packs are output in parallel, instantaneous current impact damages a protection circuit of the low-voltage battery pack, safety accidents such as smoking and fire can occur to the battery pack under severe conditions, and in order to prevent the voltage of the battery pack B from being higher than that of the battery pack A, a third MOS tube M3 and a fourth MOS tube M4 are arranged in a control system. For example, when the voltage of the battery pack a is reduced to the preset over-discharge protection voltage and the battery pack B does not work, the first MOS transistor M1 and the second MOS transistor M2 are both turned off, and when the voltage of the battery pack a is normal and the battery pack B does not work, the control system controls the first MOS transistor M1 and the third MOS transistor M3 to be both turned on, and the second MOS transistor M2 and the fourth MOS transistor M4 to be both turned off. When the third MOS transistor M3 is turned off and the battery B is operating normally, the second MOS transistor M2 and the fourth MOS transistor M4 are both turned on, because the second pole of the fourth MOS transistor M4 and the second pole of the third MOS transistor M3 are connected to the same output, and when the voltage of the second pole of the fourth MOS transistor M4 flows to the second pole of the third MOS transistor M3, the diode built in the third MOS transistor M3 prevents the voltage of the second pole of the third MOS transistor M3 from flowing to the first pole, so that the voltage of the battery B cannot flow back to the battery a, and the problem of damage to the protection circuit of the low-voltage battery can be avoided.
Optionally, the precharge circuit 30 includes a fifth MOS transistor M5, a sixth MOS transistor M6, a third zener diode Z3, a fourth zener diode Z4, and a fourth diode D4; the cathode of the third zener diode Z3 is electrically connected to the first input anode port 611 and the second input anode port 621, the cathode of the third zener diode Z3 is further electrically connected to the first pole of the fifth MOS transistor, the gate of the fifth MOS transistor M5 is electrically connected to the control unit 10, the second pole of the fifth MOS transistor M5 is grounded, the anode of the third zener diode Z3 is electrically connected to the first pole of the sixth MOS transistor M6, the second pole of the sixth MOS transistor M6 is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth zener diode Z4, the cathode of the fourth zener diode Z4 is electrically connected to the gate of the sixth MOS transistor M6, the anode of the fourth zener diode Z4 is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4, and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the power supply circuit 40.
The third zener diode Z3 and the fourth zener diode Z4 may respectively regulate the voltages at two ends of each zener diode. The voltages of the first input positive electrode port 611 and the second input positive electrode port 621 are transmitted to the gate of the sixth MOS transistor M6 in the precharge circuit 30, the sixth MOS transistor M6 is turned on, and the voltage transmitted by the sixth MOS transistor M6 is provided to the power supply circuit 40 through the fourth diode D4. As shown in fig. 2, the precharge circuit 30 is further provided with a resistor, a capacitor, and the like.
Optionally, the first driving unit 21 includes a first driving chip U1 and a first start voltage compensation circuit 211; a first input end of the first driving chip U1 is electrically connected with the control unit 10, a first output end of the first driving chip U1 is electrically connected with a control end of the first switch 51, an input end of the first starting voltage compensation circuit 211 is electrically connected with the control unit 10, and an output end of the first starting voltage compensation circuit 211 is electrically connected with a power supply end of the first driving chip U1; the control unit 10 is configured to transmit the output PWM pulse signal to the first start voltage compensation circuit 211, and control the on/off of the first start voltage compensation circuit 211 through the PWM pulse signal.
Specifically, the control unit 10 may be a micro control unit MCU, the chip U5, that is, the pin 1 of the micro control unit MCU, is a voltage collecting pin, and is capable of collecting the voltage VB2, the first pole of the transistor Q5 is connected to a pull-up resistor, the second pole of the transistor Q5 is connected to a pull-down resistor, in a voltage dividing circuit formed by the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor, the voltage VB2 of the second pole of the transistor Q5 is supplied to the pin 1 of the micro control unit MCU, the gate of the transistor Q5 is connected to a 12V voltage through the pull-up resistor, the ground is connected through the pull-down resistor, and a high potential in the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor is supplied to the gate of the transistor Q5 to provide a gate on voltage. When pin 1 of the micro control unit MCU detects that the voltage of the battery pack a is a normal working voltage, pin 16 of the micro control unit MCU starts a working mode, pin 16 outputs a normal pulse width signal PWM, the micro control unit MCU controls the first start voltage compensation circuit 211 through the PWM signal, and pin 10 of the micro control unit MCU outputs a high level to control the start of the first driving chip U1. The pin 7 of the first driving chip U1 outputs level voltage to the first MOS transistor M1 and the third MOS transistor M3, when the potential of the pin 7 of the first driving chip U1 (the gate potential of the first MOS transistor) is higher than the first pole potential of the first MOS transistor, the first MOS transistor M1 is turned on, and the voltage of the battery pack a is normally output through the first MOS transistor M1 and the third MOS transistor M3 in the control system.
Optionally, the first start-up voltage compensation circuit 211 includes a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, and a fifth diode D5; the base electrode of the first triode Q1 is electrically connected with the control unit, the first pole of the first triode Q1 is electrically connected with the base electrode of the second triode Q2, the second pole of the first triode Q1 is grounded, the first pole of the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with the first input anode port, the second pole of the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with the anode electrode of the fifth diode D5, the cathode electrode of the fifth diode D5 is electrically connected with the base electrode of the second triode Q2, and the second pole of the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with the power supply end of the first driving chip U1.
The PWM signal output from the pin 16 of the MCU can control the on/off of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2, and when the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are turned on, the voltage at the positive input port is provided to the first driver chip U1 through the second transistor Q2.
Optionally, the second driving unit 22 includes a second driving chip U2 and a second starting voltage compensation circuit 222; a first input end of the second driving chip U2 is electrically connected to the control unit 10, a first output end of the second driving chip U2 is electrically connected to a control end of the second switch 52, an input end of the second start voltage compensation circuit 222 is electrically connected to the control unit, and an output end of the second start voltage compensation circuit 222 is electrically connected to a power supply end of the second driving chip U2; the control unit 10 is configured to transmit the output PWM pulse signal to the second start-up voltage compensation circuit 222, and control the second start-up voltage compensation circuit 222 to be turned on or off according to the PWM pulse signal.
Specifically, pin 2 of the micro control unit MCU can collect the voltage VB 1. When the micro control unit MCU determines that the priority of the battery pack B is higher than that of the battery pack A, and pin 1 of the micro control unit MCU detects that the voltage of the battery pack B is a normal working voltage, a pin 16 of the micro control unit MCU starts a working mode, the pin 16 outputs a normal pulse width signal PWM, the micro control unit MCU controls the second starting voltage compensation circuit 222 through the PWM signal, and a pin 10 of the micro control unit MCU outputs a high level to control the second driving chip U2 to start. The pin 7 of the second driving chip U2 outputs level voltage to the second MOS transistor M2 and the fourth MOS transistor M4, when the potential of the pin 7 of the second driving chip U2 (the gate potential of the second MOS transistor) is higher than the first pole potential of the second MOS transistor, the second MOS transistor M2 is turned on, and the voltage of the battery B is normally output through the second MOS transistor M2 and the fourth MOS transistor M4 in the control system. The operation of the pull-up resistor and the pull-down resistor of the transistor Q6 can be referred to the above description of the transistor Q5, and will not be described herein again.
In addition, the voltage BAT2 of the pin 10 of the control unit may supply power to the first driver chip U1, the voltage BAT1 of the pin 11 may supply power to the second driver chip U2, the pins 13 and 14 respectively receive signals TX2 and RX2, i.e., information such as the voltage and temperature of the battery pack a, the pins 17 and 18 respectively output a data signal DAT and a clock signal CLK, the pins 19 and 20 respectively receive signals TX1 and RX1, i.e., information such as the voltage and temperature of the battery pack B, the pins 5 and 6 respectively output signals RXD and TXD, and txp + and P-are respectively an output positive port 71 and an output negative port 72.
Optionally, the second start-up voltage compensation circuit 222 includes a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, and a sixth diode D6; the base of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the control unit 10, the first pole of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor Q4, the second pole of the third transistor Q3 is grounded, the first pole of the fourth transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the second input positive terminal, the second pole of the fourth transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the sixth diode D6, the negative pole of the sixth diode D6 is electrically connected to the base of the fourth transistor Q4, and the second pole of the fourth transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal of the second driver chip U2.
The PWM signal output from the pin 16 of the MCU can control the on/off of the third transistor Q3 and the fourth transistor Q4, and when the third transistor Q3 and the fourth transistor Q4 are turned on, the voltage at the positive terminal of the second input terminal is provided to the second driver chip U2 through the fourth transistor Q4.
Optionally, the power supply circuit 30 includes a first voltage conversion module U3 and a second voltage conversion module U4; the output end of the pre-charging circuit 20 is electrically connected to the input end of the first voltage conversion module U3, the output end of the first voltage conversion module U3 is electrically connected to the input end of the second voltage conversion module U4, the output end of the second voltage conversion module U4 is electrically connected to the control unit 10, and the power supply circuit 30 is configured to supply power to the control unit 10.
Specifically, the cathode of the fourth diode D4 in the precharge circuit 20 may serve as the output terminal of the precharge circuit 20, the voltage in the precharge circuit 20 is transmitted to the input terminal of the first voltage conversion module U3 through the fourth diode D4, the first voltage conversion module U3 may perform boost conversion on the input voltage, output 12V voltage, and supply the device with a supply voltage of 12V in the control system, the first voltage conversion module U3 may output the converted voltage to the second voltage conversion module U4, the second voltage conversion module U4 may perform buck conversion on the input voltage, output 3.3V voltage, and supply the voltage to the control unit 10 and other devices with a supply voltage of 3.3V in the control system.
In addition, when the priority of battery pack a is higher than the priority of battery pack B in the preset priorities, if two battery packs of battery pack a and battery pack B are simultaneously accessed to the control system, the control unit 10 controls the voltage of battery pack a to be preferentially output. When the priority of battery pack B in the preset priorities is higher than the priority of battery pack a, if two battery packs of battery pack a and battery pack B access the control system at the same time, the control unit 10 controls the voltage of battery pack B to be output preferentially. If the priority is not preset, the control unit 10 determines that the battery pack with better performance in the two groups of batteries is preferentially and normally used according to the current voltage, temperature and other information of the battery pack a and the battery pack B. When the battery pack a is in over-discharge protection, the control unit 10 controls the first switch 51 to be turned off, and controls the second switch 52 to be turned on, so that the voltage of the battery pack B is output. When the cell temperature is too high during the operation of the battery pack a, the battery pack a sends a high-temperature command to the control unit 10 through the first communication port 613, and after receiving the command, the control unit 10 controls the first switch 51 to be turned off, and controls the second switch 52 to be turned on, so as to output the voltage of the battery pack B. Similarly, when the battery B sends a high temperature command to the control unit 10 through the second communication port 623, the control unit 10 receives the command and controls the second switch 52 to be closed, and controls the first switch 51 to be turned on, so as to output the voltage of the battery a. When faults such as battery protection failure occur in the operation process of the battery pack A and the battery pack B, the control system can send corresponding information to the power supply equipment, and simultaneously controls the first switch 51 to control the second switch 52 to be closed, and stops working. The control system can use a plurality of battery packs in parallel, for example, more than 10 battery packs are combined for use, the battery packs and the battery packs are freely switched, and the work is free from pause and error.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious modifications, rearrangements, combinations and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A control system for a battery pack, comprising: the device comprises a control unit, at least two driving units, a pre-charging circuit, a power supply circuit, at least two switches, at least two groups of input port groups and one group of output port groups; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the power supply circuit, and the driving unit and the power supply circuit are both electrically connected with the control unit;
the at least two driving units comprise a first driving unit and a second driving unit, the at least two switches comprise a first switch and a second switch, the at least two groups of input port groups comprise a first input port group and a second input port group, the first input port group comprises a first input positive port, a first input negative port and a first communication port, the second input port group comprises a second input positive port, a second input negative port and a second communication port, and the output port group comprises an output positive port, an output negative port and a third communication port;
the first input positive electrode port is electrically connected with a first end of the first switch, a second end of the first switch is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port, a control end of the first switch is electrically connected with the first driving unit, the first input positive electrode port is also electrically connected with the pre-charging circuit, the first input negative electrode port and the second input negative electrode port are both electrically connected with the output negative electrode port, and the first input positive electrode port, the first communication interface, the second input positive electrode port, the second communication interface and the third communication interface are all electrically connected with the control unit;
the second input positive electrode port is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch, a second end of the second switch is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port, a control end of the second switch is electrically connected with the second driving unit, and the second input positive electrode port is also electrically connected with the pre-charging circuit;
the control unit is used for controlling the on-off of the first switch through the first driving unit according to the information of one battery pack acquired by the first communication port, and controlling the on-off of the second switch through the second driving unit according to the information of the other battery pack acquired by the second communication port.
2. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a first diode, a second diode, and a third diode;
the second end of the first switch is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port through the first diode, the positive electrode of the first diode is electrically connected with the second end of the first switch, and the negative electrode of the first diode is electrically connected with the output positive electrode port; a second end of the second switch is electrically connected with the output anode port through the second diode, an anode of the second diode is electrically connected with a second end of the second switch, and a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the output anode port; the output end of the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the power supply circuit through a third diode, the anode of the third diode is electrically connected with the output end of the pre-charging circuit, and the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected with the power supply circuit.
3. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the first switch and the second switch are both MOS transistors, and the MOS transistors include a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor;
a first pole of the first MOS transistor serves as a first end of the first switch, a second pole of the first MOS transistor serves as a second end of the first switch, and a gate of the first MOS transistor serves as a control end of the first switch; the first pole of the second MOS transistor is used as the first end of the second switch, the second pole of the second MOS transistor is used as the second end of the second switch, and the gate of the second MOS transistor is used as the control end of the second switch.
4. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 3, further comprising a third MOS transistor, a fourth MOS transistor, a first zener diode, and a second zener diode;
the second end of the first switch is electrically connected with the output anode port through a third MOS tube, the first pole of the third MOS tube is electrically connected with the second pole of the first MOS tube, the first pole of the third MOS tube is also electrically connected with the anode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode, the grid of the third MOS tube is electrically connected with the grid of the first MOS tube, the grid of the third MOS tube is also electrically connected with the cathode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode, and the second pole of the third MOS tube is electrically connected with the output anode port; the second end of the second switch is electrically connected with the output positive port through a fourth MOS tube, the first pole of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the second pole of the second MOS tube, the first pole of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the positive pole of the second voltage stabilizing diode, the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the negative pole of the second voltage stabilizing diode, and the second pole of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected with the output positive port.
5. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the pre-charge circuit comprises a fifth MOS transistor, a sixth MOS transistor, a third zener diode, a fourth zener diode, and a fourth diode;
the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the first input positive electrode port and the second input positive electrode port, the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is also electrically connected with the first electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube is electrically connected with the control unit, the second electrode of the fifth MOS tube is grounded, the positive electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the first electrode of the sixth MOS tube, the second electrode of the sixth MOS tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing diode, the negative electrode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube, the positive electrode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the fourth diode, and the negative electrode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the power supply circuit.
6. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the first driving unit includes a first driving chip and a first starting voltage compensation circuit;
the first input end of the first driving chip is electrically connected with the control unit, the first output end of the first driving chip is electrically connected with the control end of the first switch, the input end of the first starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the control unit, and the output end of the first starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the power supply end of the first driving chip; the control unit is used for transmitting the output PWM pulse signal to the first starting voltage compensation circuit and controlling the on-off of the first starting voltage compensation circuit through the PWM pulse signal.
7. The control system of the battery pack of claim 6, wherein the first starting voltage compensation circuit comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, and a fifth diode;
the base electrode of the first triode is electrically connected with the control unit, the first pole of the first triode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the second triode, the second pole of the first triode is grounded, the first pole of the second triode is electrically connected with the first input positive electrode port, the second pole of the second triode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the fifth diode, the negative electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the second triode, and the second pole of the second triode is electrically connected with the power supply end of the first driving chip.
8. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the second driving unit includes a second driving chip and a second starting voltage compensation circuit;
the first input end of the second driving chip is electrically connected with the control unit, the first output end of the second driving chip is electrically connected with the control end of the second switch, the input end of the second starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the control unit, and the output end of the second starting voltage compensation circuit is electrically connected with the power supply end of the second driving chip; the control unit is used for transmitting the output PWM pulse signal to the second starting voltage compensation circuit and controlling the on-off of the second starting voltage compensation circuit through the PWM pulse signal.
9. The control system of the battery pack of claim 8, wherein the second starting voltage compensation circuit comprises a third transistor, a fourth transistor, and a sixth diode;
the base electrode of the third triode is electrically connected with the control unit, the first pole of the third triode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode, the second pole of the third triode is grounded, the first pole of the fourth triode is electrically connected with the second input positive electrode port, the second pole of the fourth triode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the sixth diode, the negative electrode of the sixth diode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode, and the second pole of the fourth triode is electrically connected with the power supply end of the second driving chip.
10. The control system of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the power supply circuit includes a first voltage conversion module and a second voltage conversion module;
the output end of the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the first voltage conversion module, the output end of the first voltage conversion module is electrically connected with the input end of the second voltage conversion module, the output end of the second voltage conversion module is electrically connected with the control unit, and the power supply circuit is used for supplying power to the control unit.
CN202110880042.9A 2021-08-02 2021-08-02 Control system of battery pack Active CN113489113B (en)

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