CN113489050A - 一种光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN113489050A
CN113489050A CN202110643427.3A CN202110643427A CN113489050A CN 113489050 A CN113489050 A CN 113489050A CN 202110643427 A CN202110643427 A CN 202110643427A CN 113489050 A CN113489050 A CN 113489050A
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photovoltaic power
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赵原
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Beijing Jingtou Tianxin Power Electronics Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
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    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
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    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

Abstract

本发明提供了光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统及方法，包括高压电压调节回路、低压电压控制单元和低压旁路单元，低压电压控制单元包括感应式调压器及其调控部分；高压电压调节回路包括三相输入隔离刀闸、三相并联变压器、三相串联变压器、三相输出隔离刀闸和三相高压旁路开关；各相集电线电压输入端通过各相输入隔离刀闸连接对应相并联变压器的原边，感应式调压器原边的三相分别连接至作为低压侧的对应相并联变压器副边，感应式调压器副边输出端的对应相与低压旁路单元和对应相串联变压器的原边连接，低压旁路单元和三相串联变压器的原边并联；各相集电线电压输入端通过输入隔离刀闸与串联变压器副边一端连接，串联变压器副边的另一端通过输出隔离刀闸接至集电线电压输出端，集电线电压输入端、集电线电压输出端之间连接高压旁路开关。

Description

一种光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统及方法
技术领域
本发明属于光伏发电领域，涉及光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统及方法。
背景技术
近年来，中国光伏产业快速发展，至2020底，光伏发电累计装机量达2.4亿千瓦。
光伏机组依靠太阳能发电，晚上在光伏不发电的时段，逆变器处于待机状态，但与逆变器连接的就地变压器由于不能频繁起停，在这个时段内一直处于空载运行状态。虽然变压器空载损耗一般只占变压器容量的0.15%，但由于一天中至少一半的时间（夜晚）光伏是不发电的，且光伏电站内就地变压器数量较大，因此一年中光伏电站就地变压器空载损耗累计的电能消耗就是一个较大的数字。据统计，一个100MW光伏电站变压器夜间空载损耗一年累计可达60万度。如果能够在光伏机组夜间不发电时将全站就地变压器停运，就可以减少相当一大部分的电能损耗。
由于剩磁的影响，在通过开关投切变压器时会产生很大的励磁涌流，对电网产生的冲击与变压器短路相当，因此，从电网安全运行的角度出发，不允许光伏电站就地变压器大规模集中起停。如果对就地变压器单台投退，对电网的影响较小，但由于光伏电站就地变压器台数较多，每天早投晚退的操作工作量巨大，对大部分光伏电站的运行都是不现实的。另外变压器投入时励磁涌流对变压器的振动冲击较大，如频繁操作，也会大大影响变压器的寿命。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，在夜间光伏不发电时，平滑降低集电线电压，将就地变电压降低到零，白天太阳升起前再平滑将集电线电压提升到系统电压，从而达到减少光伏电站就地变夜间空载损耗，达到节能降耗和提升光伏电站使用寿命的效果。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采用以下技术方案。
本发明提供光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，所述系统包括高压电压调节回路和低压电压控制回路；所述低压电压控制回路包括低压电压控制单元和低压旁路单元，所述低压电压控制单元包括感应式调压器及其调控部分；
所述高压电压调节回路包括三相输入隔离刀闸、三相并联变压器、三相串联变压器、三相输出隔离刀闸和三相高压旁路开关；各相集电线电压输入端通过各相输入隔离刀闸连接对应相并联变压器的原边，感应式调压器原边的三相分别连接至作为低压侧的对应相并联变压器副边，感应式调压器副边输出端的对应相与低压旁路单元和对应相串联变压器的原边连接，低压旁路单元和三相串联变压器的原边并联；各相集电线电压输入端通过输入隔离刀闸与串联变压器副边一端连接，串联变压器副边的另一端通过输出隔离刀闸接至集电线电压输出端，集电线电压输入端、集电线电压输出端之间连接高压旁路开关；
进一步地，所述调控部分包括控制单元，所述控制单元连接所述感应式调压器的控制端。
进一步地，所述调控部分还包括监控单元，所述监控单元用于监控集电线电压，并与所述控制单元进行通信，将监控结果传送到控制单元。
本发明还提供了光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制方法，采用如以上技术方案任意一种可能的实施方式所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，所述方法包括：
若光伏电站转入夜间待机运行状态，合上三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，断开三相高压旁路开关，感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压，从零平滑升至与光伏电站就地变高压侧电压幅值相同和相位反相的电压，使光伏电站就地变高压侧电压从正常运行电压平滑降到接近0V；
若光伏电站处于夜间待机运行状态，合上三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，断开三相高压旁路开关，感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压始终跟踪就地变高压侧电压，维持集电线电压为零；
若光伏电站从待机状态转入正常运行状态，由感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压，从与光伏电站升压变低压侧电压幅值相同、相位反相的电压平滑降到0V，低压旁路单元将串联变压器原边短路，断开三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，同时闭合高压旁路开关，使集电线输入端直接连接至集电线输出端；
若光伏电站处于正常运行状态：光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统退出运行，断开三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，同时闭合高压旁路开关。
进一步地，若光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统转为检修状态，光伏电站处于正常运行状态，断开输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，高压旁路开关闭合。
进一步地，若光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统从检修状态恢复正常运行，合上输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，断开高压旁路开关，光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统投入运行。
本发明所取得的有益技术效果：
本发明提出了一种新型的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，将该系统串联耦合接入光伏电站集电线，通过平滑调节控制系统的串联输出电压，平滑调节光伏电站就地变的高压侧电压，在光伏发电待机时降低就地变高压侧电压，达到节能降损的目的；
通过设置低压旁路单元和高压电压调节回路，在夜间光伏不发电时，平滑降低就地变高压侧的集电线电压，将就地变电压降低到零，白天太阳升起前再平滑将集电线电压提升到系统电压，从而节约能耗；同时在该系统进行维修或检修阶段，整个光伏电站仍然能够正常运行，不受影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统安装位置图；
图2是本发明实施例的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统实现原理示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的低压旁路单元电气原理图；
图4是本发明实施例的高压电压调节回路部分电气原理图。
图中标记为：1.高压旁路开关；2.输入隔离刀闸；3.输出隔离刀闸；4.并联变压器；5. 串联变压器；6.低压电压控制单元；7.低压旁路单元；8. 高压电压调节回路；9. 交流接触器；10. 三相反并联晶闸管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1所示，光伏电站的输出连接就地变(即就地升压变压器或者就地变压器)，就地变压器的高压侧连接至集电线母线。本实施例的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，在存在光伏电站升压变压器（简称升压变）的光伏电站中，在光伏电站升压变低压侧和集电线母线之间串联接入光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，如电站无光伏电站升压变压器，则在与电网连接的集电线与和集电线母线之间串联接入光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统,如图1所示。
本发明的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，包括串联于光伏电站电气系统中的高压电压调节回路和对低压电压调节回路实施控制的低压电压控制回路，如图2所示。
所述低压电压控制回路包括低压电压控制单元6和低压旁路单元7，所述低压电压控制单元包括感应式调压器及其调控部分；
所述高压电压调节回路8包括三相输入隔离刀闸、三相并联变压器、三相串联变压器、三相输出隔离刀闸和三相高压旁路开关；各相集电线电压输入端通过各相输入隔离刀闸连接对应相并联变压器的原边，感应式调压器原边的三相分别连接至作为低压侧的对应相并联变压器副边，感应式调压器副边输出端的对应相与低压旁路单元和对应相串联变压器的原边连接，低压旁路单元和三相串联变压器的原边并联，如图2所示。
各相集电线电压输入端通过输入隔离刀闸与串联变压器副边一端连接，串联变压器副边的另一端通过输出隔离刀闸接至集电线电压输出端，集电线电压输入端、集电线电压输出端之间连接高压旁路开关；并联变压器并联至输入隔离刀闸与串联变压器副边之间的电路连接点上。
本实施例提供一种光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，工作原理是：在光伏电站升压站的升压变压器低压侧和光伏电站集电线母线之间，通过串联变压器耦合接入一个可调节感应调压器，在夜间光伏电站停运时，感应电压调节器调节软起降控制系统产生一个与升压变低压侧（光伏侧）电压幅值相等相位相反的电压，平滑地将集电线母线电压也即就地变压器高压侧电压降到零，在早上光伏电站投运时，将感应式电压调节软起降控制系统输出电压平滑地降到零，集电线电压恢复到与升压变低压侧电压一致。
实施例2
在实施例1的基础上，本实施例提供的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，所述调控部分包括控制单元，所述控制单元连接所述感应式调压器的控制端。
所述控制单元分别连接至感应式调压器。可选地，调控部分还包括监控单元，所述监控单元通过通信总线(如RS485总线)与控制单元通信，控制单元通过实时监测电网电压判断集电线电压是否满足目标要求。当检测到电压超出设定范围，控制感应式调压器输出相对应的补偿电压，并通过串联变压器变换至高压侧，维持集电线电压处于预设的范围。
可选地，监控单元再通过无线通信（如GPRS）实现与监控后台的通信。监控后台可以实时监测到设备运行状态、集电线路的电压是否正常，负载端电压是否正常，方便后台统计一段时间内集电线路的电压情况。
所述低压旁路单元如图3所示，包括交流接触器9和三相反并联晶闸管10，感应式调压器输出端的A、B、C三相分别连接反并联晶闸管和交流接触器触点的两端。利用晶闸管投切响应时间快的特点，将其作为低压电压控制单元和旁路单元切换时的桥接，实现低压电压控制单元和低压旁路单元的无缝切换。当电网电压发生异常时，晶闸管快速投入，同时交流接触器断开，保证负载端不断电，待接触器可靠断开后，再快速断开晶闸管，启动低压电压控制单元运行，维持负载端电压的稳定；当电网电压恢复正常时，低压电压控制单元停止运行，同时投入三相反并联晶闸管，待接触器可靠闭合后再断开三相反并联晶闸管。
所述高压电压调节回路包括输入隔离刀闸2、并联变压器4、串联变压器5、输出隔离刀闸3和高压旁路开关1。集电线电压输入端依次串联连接输入隔离刀闸2、串联变压器5副边、输出隔离刀闸3后接至集电线输出端；高压旁路开关1两端分别与光伏电站集电线输入端、输出端连接；并联变压器4并联至输入隔离刀闸2与串联变压器5副边的之间的电路连接点上。
所述高压电压调节回路的作用包括：
1.光伏电站从待机状态转入正常运行状态，由感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压，从与光伏电站升压变低压侧电压幅值相同、相位反相的电压平滑降到0V，低压旁路单元将串联变压器原边短路，同时闭合高压旁路开关，使集电线输入端直接连接至集电线输出端，光伏电站进入正常发电运行模式；
2.低压电压控制回路的低压电压控制单元或低压旁路单元需要维护或者发生故障需要检修时，闭合高压旁路开关，断开输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，在保证不断电的情况下，对设备进行检修，实现在线维护，如图4所示。
本发明的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统可能工作在三种状态，一种是工作在高压旁路状态，如图4的a回路所示；一种是工作在低压旁路状态，如图4中的b回路所示；一种是工作在调压运行状态，如图4中的c回路所示。
以上实施例提供的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统的调节方法，包括以下步骤：
1）光伏电站转入夜间待机运行状态后：合上三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，断开三相高压旁路开关，由光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降系统的感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节电压，控制耦合在光伏电站升压变低压侧（光伏侧）与集电线母线之间的串联变压器副边电压，从零平滑升至与光伏电站升压变低压侧电压幅值相同、相位反相的电压，使光伏电站就地变高压侧电压从正常运行电压平滑降到接近0V；
2）光伏电站夜间待机运行状态：合上三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，断开三相高压旁路开关，光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统始终跟踪光伏电站升压变低压侧（光伏侧）电压，维持集电线电压为零。
3）光伏电站从待机状态转入正常运行状态：由光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降系统的感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节电压，控制耦合在光伏电站升压变低压侧（光伏侧）与集电线母线之间的串联变压器副边电压，从与光伏电站升压变低压侧电压幅值相同、相位反相的电压平滑降到0V，低压旁路单元中的交流接触器闭合，将光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统串联变压器原边短路，同时断开三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，闭合高压旁路开关，使集电线输入端直接连接至集电线输出端，光伏电站进入正常发电运行模式；
4）光伏电站正常运行状态：光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统退出运行，断开三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，同时闭合高压旁路开关；
5）光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统转检修状态：光伏电站处于正常运行状态，光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统退出运行，断开输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，同时闭合高压旁路开关，可对光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统进行维护和检修；
6）光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统从检修状态恢复正常运行：若光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统从检修状态恢复正常运行，合上输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，断开高压旁路开关，光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统投入运行。
本发明监测光伏电站就地变高压侧电压，基于感应式调压器调节其输出电压，并通过串联变压器升压后，串联接入光伏电站集电线，与集电线电压叠加，来调节就地变高压侧电压，一方面控制就地变高压侧电压平滑升降，另一方面光伏电站逆变器待机状态下保持就地变高压侧电压为0。本发明采用低压旁路和高压旁路的切换方式，可在光伏电站不停电状态下，对光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统的低压电压控制回路进行断电运维操作，便于实现系统的运维检修。
以上实施例仅用以说明发明的技术方案而非对其限制，所属领域的研发人员参照上述实施例依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些没有脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围以内。

Claims (9)

1.光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括高压电压调节回路和低压电压控制回路； 所述低压电压控制回路包括低压电压控制单元和低压旁路单元，所述低压电压控制单元包括感应式调压器及其调控部分；
所述高压电压调节回路包括三相输入隔离刀闸、三相并联变压器、三相串联变压器、三相输出隔离刀闸和三相高压旁路开关；各相集电线电压输入端通过各相输入隔离刀闸连接对应相并联变压器的原边，感应式调压器原边的三相分别连接至作为低压侧的对应相并联变压器副边，感应式调压器副边输出端的对应相与低压旁路单元和对应相串联变压器的原边连接，低压旁路单元和三相串联变压器的原边并联；各相集电线电压输入端通过输入隔离刀闸与串联变压器副边一端连接，串联变压器副边的另一端通过输出隔离刀闸接至集电线电压输出端，集电线电压输入端、集电线电压输出端之间连接高压旁路开关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，其特征在于，所述调控部分包括控制单元，所述控制单元连接所述感应式调压器的控制端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，其特征在于，所述调控部分还包括监控单元，所述监控单元用于监控集电线电压，并与所述控制单元进行通信，将监控结果传送到控制单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，其特征在于，所述监控单元通过通信总线与控制单元通信。
5.根据权利要求3所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，其特征在于，所述监控单元通过无线通信实现与监控后台的通信。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，其特征在于，所述低压旁路单元包括三相反并联晶闸管和交流接触器，感应式调压器输出端的A、B、C三相分别连接三相反并联晶闸管和交流接触器触点的两端。
7.光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制方法，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1~6任意一项权利要求所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统，所述方法包括：
若光伏电站转入夜间待机运行状态，合上三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，断开三相高压旁路开关，感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压，从零平滑升至与连接至就地变高压侧的集电线电压幅值相同和相位反相的电压，使光伏电站就地变高压侧电压从正常运行电压平滑降到接近0V；
若光伏电站处于夜间待机运行状态，合上三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，断开三相高压旁路开关，感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压始终跟踪连接至就地变高压侧的集电线电压，维持集电线电压为零；
若光伏电站从待机状态转入正常运行状态，由感应式调压器调控部分控制感应式调压器调节串联变压器副边电压，从与连接至就地变高压侧的集电线电压幅值相同、相位反相的电压平滑降到0V，低压旁路单元将串联变压器原边短路，同时断开三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，闭合高压旁路开关，使集电线输入端直接连接至集电线输出端；
若光伏电站处于正常运行状态：同时断开三相输入隔离刀闸和三相输出隔离刀闸，闭合高压旁路开关，光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统退出运行。
8.根据权利要求7所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制方法，其特征在于，若光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统转为检修状态，光伏电站处于正常运行状态，断开输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，高压旁路开关闭合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制方法，其特征在于，若光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统从检修状态恢复正常运行，合上输入隔离刀闸和输出隔离刀闸，断开高压旁路开关，光伏电站感应式电压调节软起降控制系统投入运行。
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