CN113488743A - Lithium battery positive electrode tab insulating coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium battery positive electrode tab insulating coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113488743A CN113488743A CN202110698929.6A CN202110698929A CN113488743A CN 113488743 A CN113488743 A CN 113488743A CN 202110698929 A CN202110698929 A CN 202110698929A CN 113488743 A CN113488743 A CN 113488743A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, and discloses a lithium battery anode tab insulating coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the lithium battery anode tab insulating coating comprises inorganic particles, a binder and a solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic particles to the binder is 0.2-0.5:0.01-0.1: 0.4-0.79; the binder is modified polyimide. According to the invention, the modified polyimide is introduced as the binder and the inorganic particles are compounded to prepare the slurry, so that the problem that the tab is wrinkled and even broken after being rolled can be well solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to an anode tab insulating coating of a lithium battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to improve the energy density of the lithium battery, the thickness of the current collector is thinner and thinner, so that the pole piece is easy to wrinkle at the position of the pole lug after being rolled, and hidden danger is brought to the safety of the battery. At present, the problem that the tab is wrinkled or even broken after being rolled can be well solved by coating slurry compounded by PVDF binder and ceramic insulating material on the tab position and obtaining an insulating coating after drying. The existing positive pole lug insulation coating uses PVDF as a binder, and because the PVDF binder is a linear semi-crystalline polymer, molecular chains move at a certain temperature and slowly crystallize. And alkaline hydrolysis and gelation are easy to occur in a high-nickel system, so that potential safety hazards are caused to the lithium battery. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature of PVDF is-39 ℃, the crystalline melting point is 180 ℃, and the risk of softening and even falling off of the insulating coating exists in pole piece rolling (85 ℃) and baking (120 ℃).
Publication number CN109888164A discloses a battery tab with insulating layer, including anodal ear and negative pole ear, anodal ear and negative pole ear constitute its characterized in that by welding end and probe end: the surface of the welding end is covered with a layer of insulating material. The covering method is one of coating, cold rolling, high-temperature plasma spraying, pressing and evaporation. The insulating substance is one of alumina, polypropylene, PVDF, ceramic, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride or ABS.
Publication No. CN209357820U discloses a tab comprising a tab body and a PVDF coating coated on the surface of the tab body. The thickness of the coating is 1-10 microns.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an insulating coating for a positive electrode tab of a lithium battery and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the modified polyimide is introduced as the binder and the inorganic particles are compounded to prepare the slurry, so that the problem that the tab is wrinkled and even broken after being rolled can be well solved.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an insulating coating for a positive electrode tab of a lithium battery comprises inorganic particles, a binder and a solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic particles to the binder to the solvent is 0.2-0.5:0.01-0.1: 0.4-0.79; the adhesive is modified polyimide and comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane containing a pendant methyl group:
under the condition of inert gas, mixing o-toluidine with a hydrogen chloride solution, stirring the mixture uniformly, and reacting at room temperature to obtain aniline hydrochloride; wherein the molar ratio of the o-toluidine to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 1.4-1.6;
1b, mixing o-toluidine and a formaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, adding aniline hydrochloride obtained in the step 1a, reacting the mixture at 85-90 ℃ for 2.8-3.2 hours, cooling the mixed solution to room temperature, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral to obtain a granular crude product, namely 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane; wherein the molar ratio of toluidine to formaldehyde is 1.8-2.2: 0.7-0.9;
1c, cleaning, drying and recrystallizing the granular crude product 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane obtained in the step 1b to obtain a white crystal of the 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane;
(2) preparing modified polyimide:
adding the 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane white crystal obtained in the step (1) and pyromellitic dianhydride into N-methyl pyrrolidone according to the molar ratio of 1:1.4-1.6 under the condition of inert gas, and uniformly stirring to obtain a polyamic acid solution;
2b, placing the polyamic acid solution obtained in the step 2a in a vacuum drying oven, and respectively preserving heat for 2 hours at three points of 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃; and then baking for 2 hours at 400-600 ℃ to obtain the modified polyimide.
Polyimide as an amorphous polymer has a glass transition temperature of 243 ℃, and is excellent in thermal stability and chemical stability. However, the traditional polyimide has strong acting force between molecular chains, so that the molecular chains are tightly stacked, insoluble and infusible, difficult to process and weak in adhesive property. The invention can obviously improve the solubility and the adhesive force of the polyimide by introducing large side groups into the main chain of the polyimide. The introduction of the large side group increases the distance between molecular chains, reduces the acting force between the chains, twists the molecular chain, and leads the whole molecule to be in a three-dimensional asymmetric state, thereby improving the solubility of the polyimide. The modified polyimide binder used in the invention is prepared by a specific modification method of reacting o-toluidine with formaldehyde to prepare 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane (DMMDA), wherein methyl is introduced into a benzene ring of a diamine monomer. Then the polyimide and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) are subjected to copolycondensation to obtain the polyimide containing lateral methyl, which can be dissolved in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). T of itgT is between 260 and 370 DEG CdAt 520-540 deg.C. The insulating coating obtained by drying the prepared slurry by compounding the modified polyimide and the ceramic can be well preparedThe problem of fold even fracture after the utmost point ear rolls is solved, soaks the endurance to the high temperature of electrolyte simultaneously and improves by a wide margin.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrogen chloride solution in the step 1a is 5-10%; the mass fraction of the formaldehyde solution in the step 1b is 35-40%; 1c, the recrystallization solvent is ethanol.
In view of the solubility of DMMDA, a preferred recrystallization solvent for the present invention is ethanol.
Preferably, the inorganic particles are one or more of alumina, magnesia, silica, boehmite and barium sulfate; the particle size of the inorganic particles is 1-5 μm.
In order to prevent the inorganic particles from falling off in the coating or from generating cracks due to the stress of the coating caused by overlarge particles, the particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably 1-5 mu m.
Preferably, the solvent is dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the thickness of the insulating coating is 10-25 μm, and the width of the coating is 3-10 mm.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the lithium battery positive pole lug insulating coating, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the modified polyimide and a solvent to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing inorganic particles and a solvent to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry in the step (2) to prepare insulating coating slurry;
(4) and (4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating.
In order to enable the insulating coating slurry to have better uniformity and stability, the preparation process of the insulating coating slurry is divided into three steps, each step needs to ensure that the solution or slurry prepared in each step has better uniformity through stirring, and finally the prepared insulating coating slurry is coated on the surface of a tab and dried to obtain the insulating coating with higher glass transition temperature and higher corrosion resistance.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the inorganic particles, the binder and the solvent is 0.24:0.06: 0.7.
After the slurry is prepared, in order to ensure that the tension of the main material slurry is matched with the tension of the coating edge slurry, mutual permeation does not occur in coating, the viscosity of the coating edge slurry is not lower than 2200cPs, and the mass ratio of the inorganic particles, the binder and the solvent is preferably 0.24:0.06:0.7 through experiments.
Preferably, the solution prepared in step (1) is allowed to stand at 10-30 ℃ for 120-300 min.
In order to ensure sufficient dissolution of the modified polyimide and uniform stability of the solution, the resulting solution needs to be allowed to stand.
Preferably, the solvent used in the steps (1) and (2) is N-methylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the particle size of the insulating coating slurry prepared in step (3) is 1-5 μm.
And sieving the prepared insulating coating slurry, wherein the sieving hole is 120-150 meshes, and removing large-particle-size impurities possibly mixed in the preparation process. The particle size of the finally obtained insulating coating slurry is 1-5 mu m, and the viscosity and the stability of the coating are ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. modified polyimide is introduced to be used as a binder and inorganic particles are compounded to prepare slurry, and the problem that the tab is wrinkled or even broken after being rolled can be well solved by the tab insulating coating;
2. modified polyimide high TgTemperature, eliminating the risk of high temperature baking;
3. the coating has good chemical stability and strong electrolyte high-temperature soaking resistance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all simple modifications, variations and equivalents made according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing modified polyimide:
(1) preparation of 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane (DMMDA) containing pendant methyl groups:
1a, mixing o-toluidine and a 7% HCl solution in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 under a nitrogen condition, stirring uniformly, and obtaining aniline hydrochloride at room temperature;
mixing o-toluidine and 37% by mass of formaldehyde at a molar ratio of 2:0.8 at room temperature, uniformly stirring, adding aniline hydrochloride obtained in the step a, adjusting the temperature to 87 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, cooling the mixed solution to room temperature, adding a NaOH solution into the mixed solution until the pH value is 7, and obtaining a granular crude product DMMDA;
1c, washing, drying and recrystallizing the granular crude product DMMDA obtained in the step b to obtain a white crystal;
(2) preparing modified polyimide:
adding the DMMDA and the pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) obtained in the step (1) into NMP according to the molar ratio of 1:1.5 under the protection of argon, and uniformly stirring to obtain a polyamic acid solution;
2b, placing the polyamic acid solution obtained in the step a in a vacuum drying oven, and respectively preserving heat for 2 hours at three points of 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃; then, the mixture was transferred to a muffle furnace and treated at 500 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a modified polyimide.
And (3) insulating coating of a positive electrode tab:
(1) uniformly mixing modified polyimide and NMP to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing boehmite and NMP to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution obtained in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry obtained in the step (2) to obtain insulating coating slurry, wherein the mass ratio of boehmite to the binder to the solvent is 0.37:0.03: 0.6;
(4) and (4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating.
Example 2
Preparation of modified polyimide the same as in example 1;
and (3) insulating coating of a positive electrode tab:
(1) uniformly mixing modified polyimide and NMP to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing boehmite and NMP to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution obtained in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry obtained in the step (2) to obtain insulating coating slurry, wherein the mass ratio of boehmite to the binder to the solvent is 0.24:0.06: 0.7;
(4) and (4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating.
Example 3
Preparation of modified polyimide the same as in example 1;
and (3) insulating coating of a positive electrode tab:
(1) uniformly mixing modified polyimide and NMP to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing boehmite and NMP to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution obtained in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry obtained in the step (2) to obtain insulating coating slurry, wherein the mass ratio of boehmite to the binder to the solvent is 0.21:0.09: 0.7;
(4) and (4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating.
Comparative example 1
The adopted binder is PVDF;
and (3) insulating coating of a positive electrode tab:
(1) uniformly mixing PVDF and NMP to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing boehmite and NMP to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution obtained in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry obtained in the step (2) to obtain insulating coating slurry, wherein the mass ratio of boehmite to the binder to the solvent is 0.24:0.06: 0.7;
(4) and (4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating.
Comparative example 2
The adopted adhesive is unmodified polyimide
And (3) insulating coating of a positive electrode tab:
(1) uniformly mixing PVDF and NMP to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing boehmite and NMP to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution obtained in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry obtained in the step (2) to obtain insulating coating slurry, wherein the mass ratio of boehmite to the binder to the solvent is 0.24:0.06: 0.7;
(4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of a tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating;
and (5) testing the performance.
The insulation, electrolyte resistance and post-lamination state of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 1 slurry due to insufficient addition of modified polyimide, the adhesion of the coating to the current collector was insufficient, and there was slight peeling under high temperature soaking of the electrolyte. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the addition amount of polyimide is low, viscosity is too low in slurry coating, and the tab coating slurry can permeate into main material slurry during coating, so that potential safety hazards are brought to battery core safety.
Example 2 has the best performance of 3 examples. The viscosity, the insulativity, the electrolyte soaking resistance and the state after rolling have good effects.
In example 3, the content of the modified polyimide binder is further increased, so that the viscosity of the coating slurry is increased, and the slurry is difficult to prepare. And meanwhile, the coating thickness is large, and slight peeling exists under the condition of high-temperature soaking of the electrolyte.
Comparative example 1 was slightly deformed and after 10 days of immersion, there were phenomena of peeling and skinning, respectively.
In comparative example 2, the unmodified polyimide was not soluble in N-methylpyrrolidone, and the slurry preparation failed.
In summary, example 2 is selected as the preferred example of the patent in 3 examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations, and equivalents made according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The lithium battery positive pole tab insulating coating comprises inorganic particles, a binder and a solvent, and is characterized in that the mass ratio of the inorganic particles to the binder to the solvent is 0.2-0.5:0.01-0.1: 0.4-0.79; the adhesive is modified polyimide and comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane containing a pendant methyl group:
under the condition of inert gas, mixing o-toluidine with a hydrogen chloride solution, stirring the mixture uniformly, and reacting at room temperature to obtain aniline hydrochloride; wherein the molar ratio of the o-toluidine to the hydrogen chloride is 1: 1.4-1.6;
1b, mixing o-toluidine and a formaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, adding aniline hydrochloride obtained in the step 1a, reacting the mixture at 85-90 ℃ for 2.8-3.2 hours, cooling the mixed solution to room temperature, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral to obtain a granular crude product, namely 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane; wherein the molar ratio of toluidine to formaldehyde is 1.8-2.2: 0.7-0.9;
1c, cleaning, drying and recrystallizing the granular crude product 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane obtained in the step 1b to obtain a white crystal of the 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane;
(2) preparing modified polyimide:
adding the 3,3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane white crystal obtained in the step (1) and pyromellitic dianhydride into N-methyl pyrrolidone according to the molar ratio of 1:1.4-1.6 under the condition of inert gas, and uniformly stirring to obtain a polyamic acid solution;
2b, placing the polyamic acid solution obtained in the step 2a in a vacuum drying oven, and respectively preserving heat for 2 hours at three points of 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃; and then baking for 2 hours at 400-600 ℃ to obtain the modified polyimide.
2. The positive pole tab insulating coating according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen chloride solution in step 1a is 5-10%; the mass fraction of the formaldehyde solution in the step 1b is 35-40%; 1c, the recrystallization solvent is ethanol.
3. The positive electrode tab insulating coating according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particles are one or more of alumina, magnesia, silica, boehmite, and barium sulfate; the particle size of the inorganic particles is 1-5 μm.
4. The positive electrode tab insulation coating of claim 1, wherein the solvent is dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
5. The positive electrode tab insulation coating of claim 1, wherein the insulation coating has a thickness of 10 to 25 μm and a coating width of 3 to 10 mm.
6. A method for preparing a positive electrode tab insulating coating for a lithium battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the modified polyimide and a solvent to prepare a solution;
(2) uniformly mixing inorganic particles and a solvent to prepare ceramic slurry;
(3) uniformly mixing the solution in the step (1) and the ceramic slurry in the step (2) to prepare insulating coating slurry;
(4) and (4) coating the insulating coating slurry obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the tab, and drying to obtain an insulating coating.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic particles, the binder and the solvent is 0.24:0.06: 0.7.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the solution obtained in step (1) is allowed to stand at 10-30 ℃ for 120-300 min.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the solvent used in the steps (1) and (2) is N-methylpyrrolidone.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the slurry for the insulating coating prepared in step (3) has a particle size of 1 to 5 μm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115895432A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-04-04 | 河北恒源线缆有限公司 | Overhead line with anti-pollution insulating coating and preparation method thereof |
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