CN113484406A - Material internal defect detection device and defect detection method thereof - Google Patents
Material internal defect detection device and defect detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting defects in a material, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic nondestructive testing. The device for detecting defects in a material comprises: the device comprises an external magnetic field excitation module, a signal detection module, a motion control module, a data acquisition module, an upper computer, a bottom plate and a support, wherein the external magnetic field excitation module is arranged on the bottom plate, the supports are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate and connected with the signal detection module, the signal detection module is arranged above the external magnetic field excitation module, the motion control module is respectively connected with the upper computer and the signal detection module, and the data acquisition module is respectively connected with the signal detection module and the upper computer. The defect detection device and the defect detection method expand the depth and range of the internal detection of the material, and improve the detection precision and efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting defects in a material.
Background
The failure of more than 80% of mechanical parts is usually caused by surface abrasion and corrosion, the loss caused by the failure can reach more than 10% of the total value of national production every year, and the damage threatens life and property, and the service condition of the parts is urgently evaluated by adopting a proper nondestructive testing technology. At present, the conventional electromagnetic nondestructive detection technology such as magnetic powder, magnetic flux leakage, eddy current and the like can only evaluate the surface or the near surface of a ferromagnetic material, and the damage or the defect inside the material is difficult to find in time.
In general, the anisotropy of internal damage or defect of ferromagnetic material leads to complicated magnetization behavior, and accurate evaluation can be achieved by using a magnetic probe method. The magnetic probe detection needs to acquire the eddy current potential difference inside the material by the probe contacting the surface of the object to be detected under the action of external alternating frequency excitation, so as to calculate the magnetic flux density of the detection area inside the material, obtain a fine image of a local vector induction magnetic field through signal processing, and finally invert corresponding damage and key information such as defect position, size and the like. However, at present, magnetic probe detection is only evaluated at a certain local position, and quantitative evaluation is not carried out on damage or defects deeper in the material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting the defects in the material, wherein the device and the method for detecting the defects expand the depth and range of the internal detection of the material and improve the detection precision and efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an apparatus for detecting defects in a material, comprising: the device comprises an external magnetic field excitation module, a signal detection module, a motion control module, a data acquisition module, an upper computer, a bottom plate and a support, wherein the external magnetic field excitation module is arranged on the bottom plate, the supports are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate and connected with the signal detection module, the signal detection module is positioned above the external magnetic field excitation module, the motion control module is respectively connected with the upper computer and the signal detection module, and the data acquisition module is respectively connected with the signal detection module and the upper computer; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage signal of the signal detection module and converting the voltage signal into a digital voltage signal to be transmitted to the upper computer.
Further, the externally applied magnetic field excitation module comprises: the signal generator, power amplifier, U type yoke, winding excitation coil on the U type yoke, power amplifier is connected with signal generator and excitation coil respectively, U type yoke is arranged in upside down on the bottom plate.
Furthermore, the number of turns of the excitation coil is 400-1000 turns, and the diameter is 0.08-1.00 mm.
Further, the signal detection module comprises a first sliding block, a second sliding block and a phosphor bronze double probe, the phosphor bronze double probe is connected with the data acquisition module, the phosphor bronze double probe is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding block, the first sliding block is of a hollow structure, the second sliding block penetrates through the first sliding block, and two ends of the second sliding block are connected with the bracket.
Furthermore, a horizontal sliding groove is formed in the support, and two ends of the second sliding block are arranged in the horizontal sliding groove.
Furthermore, the phosphor bronze twin probes are distributed in parallel along the X axis, the distance between the phosphor bronze twin probes is 10-30 mm, the length of the phosphor bronze twin probes is 5-60 mm, and the diameter of the phosphor bronze twin probes is 0.5-5 mm.
Further, the motion control module includes: the X-axis stepping motor is connected with the second sliding block, and the Y-axis stepping motor and the Z-axis stepping motor are both connected with the first sliding block; and the X-axis stepping motor, the Y-axis stepping motor and the Z-axis stepping motor are all connected with an upper computer.
The invention also provides a defect detection method of the device for detecting the defects in the material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing a ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected on the pin columns at two ends of the U-shaped magnetic yoke (1);
step two: controlling a rear side probe in the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) to move to the original point position of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected through an upper computer, and moving the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) downwards along the Z-axis until the phosphor bronze twin probe is in close contact with the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected;
step three: setting a periodic electric signal with frequency f generated by a signal generator, and exciting a U-shaped magnetic yoke (1) through a power amplifier to generate an excitation magnetic field with periodic change;
step four: the upper computer controls the X-axis stepping motor to drive the second sliding block to move towards the positive direction of the X axis, and simultaneously, the data acquisition module is used for recording a voltage signal detected by the phosphor bronze twin probe (4), and when the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) is separated from the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, the upper computer controls the Y-axis stepping motor to drive the first sliding block to move by 0.01 mm-30 mm along the positive direction of the Y axis; controlling an X-axis stepping motor to drive a second sliding block to move towards the X-axis negative direction and collect a voltage signal through an upper computer, and controlling a Y-axis stepping motor to drive a first sliding block to move 0.01-30 mm along the positive direction of a Y axis when a phosphor bronze twin probe (4) is separated from the surface of a ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected;
step five: repeating the step four until the phosphor bronze double probe (4) moves along the Y-axis direction and then breaks away from the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, and stopping voltage signal acquisition;
step six: after the upper computer controls the Z-axis stepping motor to drive the first sliding block to lift up along the Z-axis direction, the upper computer respectively controls the X-axis stepping motor and the Y-axis stepping motor to enable a rear-side probe in the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) to return to the original position of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, and controls the Z-axis stepping motor to move downwards along the Z-axis direction until the Z-axis stepping motor is in close contact with the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected;
step seven: and increasing the frequency of the electric signal generated by the signal generator by 0.01 HZ-200 HZ, and repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the phosphor bronze double probe (4) detects the specified depth h of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, so as to obtain the result of detecting the defect in the material.
Further, the specified depth h is:
wherein d is the thickness of the ferromagnetic material to be measured, f is the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the signal generator, μ is the permeability of the ferromagnetic material to be measured, and ρ is the resistivity of the ferromagnetic material to be measured.
Furthermore, the motion precision of the X-axis stepping motor, the Y-axis stepping motor and the Z-axis stepping motor is 0.01mm, and the motion speed is 1-120 mm/s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the electric signal frequencies with different sizes are adjusted by the external magnetic field excitation module, and the motion of the signal detection module is driven by the motion control module controlled by the upper computer, so that the damage and defects of different depths in the material can be detected, the depth and range of the detection in the material are expanded, and the detection precision and efficiency are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for detecting defects in a material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a probe moving path in the defect detecting method of the apparatus for detecting defects in materials according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting defects in a material according to the present invention, the device for detecting defects in a material includes: the device comprises an external magnetic field excitation module, a signal detection module, a motion control module, a data acquisition module 16, an upper computer 15, a bottom plate 7 and a support 9, wherein the external magnetic field excitation module is arranged on the bottom plate 7 and provides a periodically and continuously-changing external excitation magnetic field for the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected; both sides of bottom plate 7 all are equipped with support 9, be equipped with horizontal spout on support 9, horizontal spout is connected with signal detection module, signal detection module is located the top of external magnetic field excitation module, the motion control module is connected with host computer 15 and signal detection module respectively, data acquisition module 16 is connected with signal detection module and host computer 15 respectively, data acquisition module 16 is used for gathering signal detection module's voltage signal to convert voltage signal to digital voltage signal and send host computer 15. The device for detecting the defects in the material adjusts the frequency of electric signals with different sizes through the external magnetic field excitation module, controls the motion control module to drive the signal detection module to move through the upper computer 15, can detect the damages and the defects at different depths in the material, enlarges the depth and the range of the detection in the material, and improves the precision and the efficiency of the detection.
The externally-applied magnetic field excitation module comprises: the excitation signal generator comprises a signal generator 10, a power amplifier 11 and a U-shaped magnetic yoke 1, wherein an excitation coil 2 is wound on the U-shaped magnetic yoke 1, the power amplifier 11 is respectively connected with the signal generator 10 and the excitation coil 2, and the signal generator 10 is used for providing excitation signals, including alternating current signals, which can adopt sine waves, triangular waves, square waves and the like; the power amplifier 11 is used for amplifying the driving signal; the U-shaped magnetic yoke 1 is arranged on the bottom plate 7 in an inverted mode and used for forming a closed magnetic circuit with the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, the closed magnetic circuit is connected with the signal generator 10 through the power amplifier 11, and the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected is magnetized through the excitation signal. The number of turns of the excitation coil 2 is 400-1000 turns, and the diameter is 0.08-1.00 mm, so that the excitation coil 2 can generate an effective and stable excitation signal; the U-shaped magnetic yoke 1 is made of ferrite high-performance materials, and the cross sections of the legs at the two ends of the U-shaped magnetic yoke 1 are kept unchanged.
The signal detection module comprises a first sliding block 6, a second sliding block 8 and a phosphor bronze double-probe 4, wherein the phosphor bronze double-probe 4 is connected with a data acquisition module 16, the phosphor bronze double-probe 4 is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding block 6, the first sliding block 6 is of a hollow structure, the second sliding block 8 penetrates through the first sliding block 6, and two ends of the second sliding block 8 are arranged in a horizontal sliding groove. The phosphor bronze twin probe 4 is used for detecting a voltage signal generated by the internal defect of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, the arrangement direction of the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 is vertical to the magnetization direction of a magnetic field, therefore, the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 is distributed in parallel along the X axis, the distance between the phosphor bronze twin probes 4 is 10 mm-30 mm, the length of the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 is 5 mm-60 mm, the diameter is 0.5 mm-5 mm, and the proper size of the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 can be selected according to the difference of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected.
The motion control module of the present invention comprises: the X-axis stepping motor 14, the Y-axis stepping motor 13 and the Z-axis stepping motor 12 are connected, the X-axis stepping motor 14 is connected with the second sliding block 8, and the Y-axis stepping motor 13 and the Z-axis stepping motor 12 are connected with the first sliding block 6; the X-axis stepping motor 14, the Y-axis stepping motor 13 and the Z-axis stepping motor 12 are all connected with an upper computer 15, and the X-axis stepping motor 14, the Y-axis stepping motor 13 and the Z-axis stepping motor 12 are controlled by the upper computer 15 to drive the phosphor bronze double probe 4 to move in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
Through excitation signals with different frequencies, the detection ranges of the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 in the thickness direction of the material are different, the lower the frequency of the excitation signals is, the shallower the detected depth is, voltage signals at different depths are detected by adjusting the frequency, and defect signals at different depths in the material are obtained through analysis and processing of the upper computer 15; therefore, the invention provides a defect detection method of a defect detection device in a material, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected on the two end pin columns of the U-shaped magnetic yoke 1;
step two: the upper computer 15 controls the rear probe in the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 to move to the original point position of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, and the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 moves downwards along the Z-axis until the phosphor bronze twin probe is in close contact with the surface of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected;
step three: setting a signal generator 10 to generate a periodic electric signal with the frequency f of 0 HZ-200 HZ, and exciting a U-shaped magnetic yoke 1 to generate an excitation magnetic field with periodic change through a power amplifier 11; generating an excitation signal by using a signal generator 10, and amplifying the excitation signal by using a power amplifier 11 to magnetize the ferromagnetic material 3 to be tested by using the excitation signal, so that the ferromagnetic material 3 to be tested generates a voltage signal;
step four: the upper computer 15 controls the X-axis stepping motor 14 to drive the second sliding block 8 to move towards the positive direction of the X axis, and the data acquisition module 16 is used for recording a voltage signal detected by the phosphor bronze twin probe 4, as shown in FIG. 2, when the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 is separated from the surface of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, the upper computer 15 controls the Y-axis stepping motor 13 to drive the first sliding block 6 to move 0.01 mm-30 mm along the positive direction of the Y axis, the distance of transverse movement in the Y-axis direction each time can be adjusted so as to adapt to samples with different sizes, and meanwhile, the resolution ratio of signal acquisition can be controlled; the upper computer 15 controls the X-axis stepping motor 14 to drive the second sliding block 8 to move towards the X-axis negative direction and collect voltage signals, and when the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 is separated from the surface of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, the upper computer 15 controls the Y-axis stepping motor 13 to drive the first sliding block 6 to move 0.01 mm-30 mm along the Y-axis positive direction; the movement precision of the X-axis stepping motor 14, the Y-axis stepping motor 13 and the Z-axis stepping motor 12 is 0.01mm, and the movement speed is 1 mm/s-120 mm/s.
Step five: repeating the step four until the phosphor bronze double probe 4 is separated from the surface of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected after moving along the Y-axis direction, and stopping voltage signal acquisition;
step six: after the Z-axis stepping motor 12 is controlled by the upper computer 15 to drive the first sliding block 6 to be lifted up along the Z-axis direction, the upper computer 15 respectively controls the X-axis stepping motor 14 and the Y-axis stepping motor 13 to enable the rear side probe in the phosphor bronze twin probe 4 to return to the original position of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, and the Z-axis stepping motor 12 is controlled by the upper computer 15 to move downwards along the Z-axis direction until the rear side probe is in close contact with the surface of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected;
step seven: increasing the frequency of an electric signal generated by the signal generator 10 by 0.01 HZ-200 HZ, repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the phosphor bronze double probe 4 detects the specified depth h of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be detected, drawing a three-dimensional distribution diagram of voltage signals detected at different depths, finally obtaining a result of detecting defects in the material, and determining the position and the size of the internal defects; the calculation process for the specified depth h is:
wherein d is the thickness of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be measured, f is the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the signal generator, μ is the permeability of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be measured, and ρ is the resistivity of the ferromagnetic material 3 to be measured.
According to the device and the method for detecting the defects in the material, provided by the invention, the damage or defect signals at different depths in the material can be detected by adjusting the excitation frequency, the detection depth and range are expanded, and the detection precision and efficiency are improved.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and to implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for detecting defects in a material, comprising: the device comprises an external magnetic field excitation module, a signal detection module, a motion control module, a data acquisition module (16), an upper computer (15), a bottom plate (7) and a support (9), wherein the external magnetic field excitation module is arranged on the bottom plate (7), the supports (9) are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate (7), the support (9) is connected with the signal detection module, the signal detection module is positioned above the external magnetic field excitation module, the motion control module is respectively connected with the upper computer (15) and the signal detection module, and the data acquisition module (16) is respectively connected with the signal detection module and the upper computer (15); the data acquisition module (16) is used for acquiring the voltage signal of the signal detection module, converting the voltage signal into a digital voltage signal and transmitting the digital voltage signal to the upper computer (15).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the externally applied magnetic field excitation module comprises: signal generator (10), power amplifier (11), U type yoke (1), winding excitation coil (2) on U type yoke (1), power amplifier (11) are connected with signal generator (10) and excitation coil (2) respectively, U type yoke (1) is placed upside down on bottom plate (7).
3. The apparatus for detecting defects in materials according to claim 2, wherein said exciting coil (2) has 400 to 1000 turns and a diameter of 0.08 to 1.00 mm.
4. The device for detecting the defects in the material according to claim 1, wherein the signal detection module comprises a first sliding block (6), a second sliding block (8) and a phosphor bronze double-probe (4), the phosphor bronze double-probe (4) is connected with the data acquisition module (16), the phosphor bronze double-probe (4) is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding block (6), the first sliding block (6) is of a hollow structure, the second sliding block (8) penetrates through the first sliding block (6), and two ends of the second sliding block (8) are connected with a bracket (9).
5. The apparatus for detecting defects in materials according to claim 4, wherein the bracket (9) is provided with a horizontal sliding slot, and both ends of the second sliding block (8) are arranged in the horizontal sliding slot.
6. The device for detecting the defects in the material according to claim 4, wherein the phosphor bronze twin probes (4) are distributed in parallel along the X axis, the distance between the phosphor bronze twin probes (4) is 10 mm-30 mm, the length of the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) is 5 mm-60 mm, and the diameter of the phosphor bronze twin probe is 0.5 mm-5 mm.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the motion control module comprises: the X-axis stepping motor (14), the Y-axis stepping motor (13) and the Z-axis stepping motor (12) are connected, the X-axis stepping motor is connected with the second sliding block (8), and the Y-axis stepping motor (13) and the Z-axis stepping motor (12) are both connected with the first sliding block (6); and the X-axis stepping motor (14), the Y-axis stepping motor (13) and the Z-axis stepping motor (12) are connected with an upper computer (15).
8. A defect detection method of the apparatus for detecting defects in materials according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: placing a ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected on the pin columns at two ends of the U-shaped magnetic yoke (1);
step two: controlling a rear side probe in the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) to move to the original point position of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected through an upper computer (15), and moving the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) downwards along the Z-axis until the phosphor bronze twin probe is in close contact with the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected;
step three: a signal generator (10) is set to generate periodic electric signals with frequency f, and a power amplifier (11) excites a U-shaped magnetic yoke (1) to generate an excitation magnetic field with periodic change;
step four: the upper computer (15) controls the X-axis stepping motor (14) to drive the second sliding block (8) to move towards the positive direction of the X axis, the data acquisition module (16) is used for recording a voltage signal detected by the phosphor bronze twin probe (4), and when the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) is separated from the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, the upper computer (15) controls the Y-axis stepping motor (13) to drive the first sliding block (6) to move 0.01 mm-30 mm along the positive direction of the Y axis; the upper computer (15) controls the X-axis stepping motor (14) to drive the second sliding block (8) to move towards the X-axis negative direction and collect voltage signals, and when the phosphor bronze twin probe (4) is separated from the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, the upper computer (15) controls the Y-axis stepping motor (13) to drive the first sliding block (6) to move 0.01 mm-30 mm along the Y-axis positive direction;
step five: repeating the step four until the phosphor bronze double probe (4) moves along the Y-axis direction and then breaks away from the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, and stopping voltage signal acquisition;
step six: after the Z-axis stepping motor (12) is controlled by the upper computer (15) to drive the first sliding block (6) to be lifted up along the Z-axis direction, the upper computer (15) respectively controls the X-axis stepping motor (14) and the Y-axis stepping motor (13) to enable a rear side probe in the phosphor bronze double probe (4) to return to the original point position of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, and the Z-axis stepping motor (15) is controlled by the upper computer (15) to move down along the Z-axis direction until the rear side probe is in close contact with the surface of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected;
step seven: increasing the frequency of the electric signal generated by the signal generator (10) by 0.01 HZ-200 HZ, and repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the phosphor bronze double probe (4) detects the specified depth h of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be detected, so as to obtain the result of detecting the defect in the material.
9. The defect detection method of claim 8, wherein the specified depth h is:
wherein d is the thickness of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be measured, f is the frequency of the electrical signal generated by the signal generator, mu is the permeability of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be measured, and rho is the resistivity of the ferromagnetic material (3) to be measured.
10. The defect detection method according to claim 8, wherein the movement precision of the X-axis stepping motor (14), the movement precision of the Y-axis stepping motor (13) and the movement precision of the Z-axis stepping motor (12) are all 0.01mm, and the movement speed is all 1 mm/s-120 mm/s.
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