CN113484276A - Biosensor capable of acquiring broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum and testing method - Google Patents
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- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- JMMZCWZIJXAGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpent-2-ene Chemical compound CCC=C(C)C JMMZCWZIJXAGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biosensor capable of acquiring a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum, which comprises a terahertz wave refracting lens and a sub-wavelength metal sensing structure, wherein the terahertz wave refracting lens is in a hemispherical shape, the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is a metal plate, a plurality of grids are uniformly distributed on the metal plate, a circular section of the terahertz wave refracting lens and a grating of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure are oppositely arranged, and a gap to be measured is formed between the terahertz wave refracting lens and the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure. The biosensor provided by the invention innovatively combines the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure and the hemispherical cylindrical lens to form a certain tiny gap, utilizes the incident terahertz wave to efficiently excite the surface plasmon resonance effect on the sensing structure, utilizes the electromagnetic enhancement effect to realize the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum detection on a trace sample, and has important application value on the unmarked sensing detection of biomolecules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biosensing, and particularly relates to a biosensor capable of acquiring a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum and a testing method.
Background
Terahertz (THz) waves refer to electromagnetic waves with a frequency in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm at a wavelength of 0.1THz to 10THz, and the frequency spectrum thereof is located between infrared and microwave. Different from traditional spectral analysis technologies such as infrared spectrum and X-ray, skeleton vibration, rotation spectrum and weak interaction force energy levels among molecules of a plurality of biological organic molecules such as protein, DNA, RNA, amino acid, sugar and the like are in a terahertz waveband, so that the terahertz spectrum technology has inherent advantages and important application in researching biological molecules.
The surface plasmon is a surface wave with high local area on the metal surface, and is very sensitive to the dielectric environment of the metal surface, so that the surface plasmon can be used as a biosensor. The sensing method is only sensitive to media in the sub-wavelength space range of the metal surface, so that the sample dosage can be reduced, and the detection of trace samples can be realized. The electromagnetic field of the surface plasmon has the characteristic of great electromagnetic enhancement on the surface of the sensing metal, can enhance the interaction between incident waves and substances, and is beneficial to enhancing the spectral absorption of a sample.
At present, most of biosensors based on surface plasmons are applied to optical wave bands, are extremely few in terahertz wave bands, are used for refractive index sensing, and cannot realize broadband absorption spectrum detection and analysis of samples. The invention utilizes the designed sensor structure to scan the incident angle to excite the plasmon resonance with different frequencies, utilizes the electromagnetic enhancement effect to obtain the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum of the broadband, realizes the terahertz absorption spectrum analysis of the trace biological sample, and has important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biosensor capable of acquiring a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum and a testing method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problem by adopting the scheme that a biosensor capable of acquiring a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum comprises a terahertz wave refractive lens and a sub-wavelength metal sensing structure, wherein the terahertz wave refractive lens is in a hemispheroid shape, the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is a metal plate, a plurality of grids are uniformly distributed on the metal plate, the circular section of the terahertz wave refractive lens is opposite to the grids of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure, and a gap to be measured is formed between the terahertz wave refractive lens and the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure.
Furthermore, the terahertz wave refracting lens is made of a terahertz wave band high-refractive-index material, and is one of high-resistance silicon, high-resistance germanium and methyl pentene polymer.
Further, the spacing size of the grating of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is in the sub-wavelength range, namely, smaller than the wavelength of the terahertz wave, and the size is between 5 micrometers and 900 micrometers.
Furthermore, the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is a one-dimensional periodic structure or a two-dimensional periodic structure.
Furthermore, the size of the distance between the gaps to be measured can be adjusted, the distance is in a sub-wavelength range, namely, the size of the distance is smaller than the wavelength of incident terahertz waves, and the distance is between 5 micrometers and 900 micrometers.
The invention also provides a test method based on the biosensor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of filling an article to be tested in a gap to be tested, utilizing a terahertz wave generator to inject terahertz waves into a terahertz wave refraction lens of the biosensor, wherein the incident terahertz waves are transverse magnetic polarized waves, the angle of the incident waves is larger than the total reflection critical angle of the hemispherical cylindrical lens material, the incident waves generate total reflection on the bottom surface of the hemispherical cylindrical lens, and form corresponding evanescent waves above the bottom surface, and the second step is that after the incident terahertz waves are reflected and totally reflected, the generated evanescent waves are coupled and excited to surface plasmon elements on a sub-wavelength sensing structure to form a surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, an electromagnetic enhancement effect is generated near the sensing structure, the interaction between the incident waves and a filled sample is increased, and the absorption of the incident waves by the sample is enhanced near the resonance frequency point of the surface plasmon elements, and thirdly, exciting the surface plasmon resonance enhancement effect under different frequencies by scanning different incidence angles, generating a sample enhanced absorption effect under different frequencies, integrating and extracting the reflection sensing signals corresponding to different incidence angles to obtain a broadband terahertz absorption signal, and realizing the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum sensing analysis of the detected sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the biosensor provided by the invention innovatively combines the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure and the hemispherical cylindrical lens to form a certain tiny gap, utilizes incident terahertz waves to efficiently excite the surface plasmon resonance effect on the sensing structure, and utilizes the electromagnetic enhancement effect to realize the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum detection on a trace sample. In addition, the surface plasmon resonances of different frequency points are excited by scanning the angle of incident terahertz waves, terahertz enhanced absorption spectra near the different frequency points are obtained, and broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectra of the sample are obtained through data integration. The sensor has a novel sensing scheme, the testing method is convenient and fast to operate, a locally enhanced terahertz electric field can be obtained in the sensing gap, the using amount of a sample is reduced, the influence of water absorption in the sample is overcome, the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum measurement on trace biological samples (including solution samples) is realized, and the sensor has an important application value on unmarked sensing detection of biomolecules.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the refractive index and extinction coefficient of a sample to be tested.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum of a sample to be measured obtained by using the sensor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a biosensor capable of obtaining a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum includes a terahertz wave refractive lens 1 and a sub-wavelength metal sensing structure 2, wherein the terahertz wave refractive lens 1 is shaped like a hemisphere, the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure 2 is a metal plate 21, a plurality of grids 22 are uniformly distributed on one surface of the metal plate 21, a circular section of the terahertz wave refractive lens 1 is arranged opposite to a grid surface of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure 2, and a gap 3 to be measured is formed between the terahertz wave refractive lens 1 and the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure 2. The terahertz wave refracting lens 1 is made of a terahertz wave band high-refractive-index material, and is one of high-resistance silicon, high-resistance germanium and methyl pentene polymers. The spacing size of the grating of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is in a sub-wavelength range, namely smaller than the wavelength of terahertz waves, and the size is between 5 micrometers and 900 micrometers. The size of the distance between the gaps to be measured can be adjusted, the distance is in a sub-wavelength range, namely, the size of the distance is smaller than the wavelength of incident terahertz waves, and the distance is between 5 micrometers and 900 micrometers.
A test method based on the biosensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of filling an object to be tested in a gap to be tested, utilizing a terahertz wave generator to inject terahertz waves into a terahertz wave refraction lens of the biosensor, enabling the incident terahertz waves to be transverse magnetic polarized waves, enabling the angle of the incident waves to be larger than the total reflection critical angle of a hemispherical column lens material, enabling the incident waves to generate total reflection on the bottom surface of the hemispherical column lens, forming corresponding evanescent waves above the bottom surface, coupling the generated evanescent waves to excite surface plasmon on a sub-wavelength sensing structure after the incident terahertz waves are reflected and totally reflected, forming a surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, generating an electromagnetic enhancement effect near the sensing structure, increasing the interaction between the incident waves and a filled sample, enhancing the absorption of the incident waves by the sample near the resonance frequency point of the surface plasmon, and thirdly, exciting the surface plasmon resonance enhancement effect under different frequencies by scanning different incidence angles, generating a sample enhanced absorption effect under different frequencies, integrating and extracting the reflection sensing signals corresponding to different incidence angles to obtain a broadband terahertz absorption signal, and realizing the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum sensing analysis of the detected sample.
As shown in fig. 2, the curves in the graph are wave vectors of terahertz waves at different incident angles in the hemispherical cylindrical lens and wave vector dispersion curves of the surface plasmon on the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure. In the figure, a straight line (a solid line) is a wave vector in vacuum, the straight line (a dotted line) and the straight line (a two-dot line) are horizontal wave vectors of incident waves in the cylindrical lens when the incident angles are 25 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees respectively, and a curve in a region is a wave vector curve of a surface plasmon element on a sensing layer of a sub-wavelength one-dimensional metal grating structure. It can be seen that the wave vector of the incident wave and the wave vector curve of the surface plasmon on the sensing layer have an intersection point, which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance excited by coupling of the incident wave. Changing the angle of incidence changes the frequency point at which the excited surface plasmon resonates. By scanning the incident angle, the surface plasmon resonance can be excited in a broadband range, and broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum detection of a sample is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the solid line and the dashed line in the graph correspond to the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the sample to be detected, respectively, and the peak in the extinction coefficient represents the characteristic absorption peak of the sample.
Fig. 4 shows a comparison graph of the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum obtained by the inventive sensor for the sample assumed in fig. 3. In the figure, the solid line represents the absorption spectrum obtained at an incident angle of 30 °, and the dotted line represents the absorption spectrum obtained without using a sensor for an equivalent sample. In the figure, the arrows indicate the positions of the resonance absorption peaks of the surface plasmon and the positions of the characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to the sample to be measured. As can be seen from the figure, when the resonance frequency of the excited surface plasmon and the characteristic absorption peak of the sample are closely overlapped at a proper incident angle, the characteristic absorption peak of the sample is amplified, thereby realizing enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum detection of the sample. By scanning different incident angles and changing the excitation frequency of the surface plasmon, the broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum information of the sample can be obtained.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical scheme of the present invention that produce functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A biosensor capable of acquiring a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum is characterized in that: the terahertz wave sensor comprises a terahertz wave refracting lens and a sub-wavelength metal sensing structure, wherein the terahertz wave refracting lens is in a hemispherical shape, the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is a metal plate, a plurality of grids are uniformly distributed on the metal plate, a circular section of the terahertz wave refracting lens and the gratings of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure are arranged oppositely, and a gap to be measured is formed between the terahertz wave refracting lens and the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure.
2. The biosensor for obtaining the broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum according to claim 1, wherein: the terahertz wave refracting lens is made of a terahertz wave band high-refractive-index material and is one of high-resistance silicon, high-resistance germanium and methyl pentene polymers.
3. The biosensor for obtaining the broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum according to claim 1, wherein: the spacing size of the grating of the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is in a sub-wavelength range, namely smaller than the wavelength of terahertz waves, and the size is between 5 micrometers and 900 micrometers.
4. The biosensor for obtaining the broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum according to claim 1, wherein: the sub-wavelength metal sensing structure is a one-dimensional periodic structure or a two-dimensional periodic structure.
5. The biosensor for obtaining the broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum according to claim 1, wherein: the size of the distance between the gaps to be measured can be adjusted, the distance is in a sub-wavelength range, namely, the size of the distance is smaller than the wavelength of incident terahertz waves, and the distance is between 5 micrometers and 900 micrometers.
6. The method for testing a biosensor capable of acquiring a broadband enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: filling an object to be detected in a gap to be detected, injecting terahertz waves into a terahertz wave refraction lens of a biosensor by using a terahertz wave generator, wherein the incident terahertz waves are transverse magnetic polarized waves, the angle of the incident waves is larger than the total reflection critical angle of a hemispherical cylindrical lens material, the incident waves are totally reflected on the bottom surface of the hemispherical cylindrical lens, and corresponding evanescent waves are formed above the bottom surface, and secondly, after the incident terahertz waves are totally reflected, the generated evanescent waves are coupled and excited to surface plasmon elements on a sub-wavelength sensing structure to form a surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, an electromagnetic enhancement effect is generated near the sensing structure, the interaction between the incident waves and the filled sample is increased, the absorption of the incident waves by the sample is enhanced near the resonance frequency point of the surface plasmon elements, and the terahertz reflected signals after the interaction are emitted from the other side of the hemispherical cylindrical lens to be detected, and thirdly, exciting the surface plasmon resonance enhancement effect under different frequencies by scanning different incidence angles, generating a sample enhanced absorption effect under different frequencies, integrating and extracting the reflection sensing signals corresponding to different incidence angles to obtain a broadband terahertz absorption signal, and realizing the enhanced terahertz absorption spectrum sensing analysis of the detected sample.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114184575A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-15 | 福州大学 | Liquid refractive index sensing system and method based on metal grating terahertz super surface |
| CN114324241A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-12 | 上海理工大学 | Sensor based on pseudo surface plasmon three-dimensional stacking structure |
| CN115046958A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-09-13 | 中国计量大学 | Terahertz super-surface enhanced fingerprint detection method based on incident angle scanning |
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2021
- 2021-07-03 CN CN202110753809.1A patent/CN113484276A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114184575A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-15 | 福州大学 | Liquid refractive index sensing system and method based on metal grating terahertz super surface |
| CN114324241A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-12 | 上海理工大学 | Sensor based on pseudo surface plasmon three-dimensional stacking structure |
| CN115046958A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-09-13 | 中国计量大学 | Terahertz super-surface enhanced fingerprint detection method based on incident angle scanning |
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