CN113483764A - Intelligent aircraft task path planning method based on online sensing - Google Patents
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Abstract
An intelligent aircraft task path planning method based on-line sensing; firstly, establishing simulation models of various damage states and typical working conditions under an offline condition to obtain corresponding sensing information, classifying and reducing the sensing information according to characteristics, and constructing an offline damage state library. Then, in flight, comprehensively constructing a likelihood function by using the on-line sensing information and the sensing information of each damage state in the off-line library; and simultaneously, giving prior probability of each damage state, and further giving the current damage state of the structure by using Bayesian inference. And then, judging the reliability of the aircraft for executing various actions based on the damage state, and determining the optimal path in the selectable task paths based on an optimization method by taking a given reliability threshold as a constraint and the shortest task completion time as a target. The invention provides a complete method for reasoning from online sensing structural damage state to task path planning on line, and provides support for intelligent aircraft online path decision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aircraft path planning, and particularly relates to an intelligent aircraft task path planning method based on online sensing.
Background
The traditional aircraft flies according to a preset path, and under the conditions of sudden states such as bird collisions, hail, lightning strikes and the like, the damage state of the structure is difficult to evaluate quickly and accurately, so that potential risks are brought to the aircraft to continue to execute tasks. Meanwhile, the flight envelope of the traditional aircraft is conservative and is not beneficial to exerting the optimal performance of the structure, so that the development of the intelligent aircraft based on the online sensing self-adaptive task path adjustment is of great significance.
This means that the intelligent aircraft needs to complete real-time assessment of the structural damage state in a burst state, and also needs to give corresponding assessment of the structural damage state according to the aging and fatigue conditions of the intelligent aircraft, so as to realize online decision of requirements for task path planning and the like. Furthermore, if the structural damage status of the aircraft is better than expected based on past experience in real-time assessment, it may be possible to have it perform a task beyond the traditional design range to increase revenue. In the process, the damage state of the aircraft structure needs to be accurately inferred by data acquired by the sensors arranged on the aircraft in real time, meanwhile, the reliability of various realization paths of subsequent tasks is evaluated based on the damage state of the aircraft structure, and finally, the on-line planning of the paths is completed.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of task path planning of the intelligent aircraft based on online sensing, it is important to develop a method which can utilize multi-source online sensing data to quickly infer the structural damage state and evaluate the reliability of multiple possible paths of subsequent tasks so as to select the most suitable path.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the real-time assessment of the structural state of an aircraft is difficult and the planning of a mission route is conservative under the repeated use and the burst state of the aircraft, and provides an intelligent aircraft mission path planning method based on-line sensing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an intelligent aircraft task path planning method based on-line sensing is specifically as follows:
(1) constructing an offline damage state library;
(2) structure damage state online reasoning;
(3) a method for path selection based on reliability constraints.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention establishes a set of complete method from online sensing structural state reasoning to path planning, and provides support for the aircraft to realize online path decision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart of example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing simulation models of various damage states and typical working conditions under an offline condition to obtain corresponding sensing information, classifying and reducing the sensing information according to characteristics, and constructing an offline damage state library. Then, in flight, comprehensively constructing a likelihood function by using the on-line sensing information and the sensing information of each damage state in the off-line library; and simultaneously, giving prior probability of each damage state, and further giving the current damage state of the structure by using Bayesian inference. And then, judging the reliability of the aircraft for executing various actions based on the damage state, and determining the optimal path in the selectable task paths based on an optimization method by taking a given reliability threshold as a constraint and the shortest task completion time as a target. The invention provides a complete method for reasoning from online sensing structural damage state to task path planning on line, and provides support for intelligent aircraft online path decision.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment describes an intelligent aircraft mission path planning method based on online sensing, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing an offline damage state library;
(2) structure damage state online reasoning;
(3) a method for path selection based on reliability constraints.
The second embodiment is as follows: in a first embodiment, the method for planning a mission path of an intelligent aircraft based on online sensing includes:
step 1: establishing a simulation model of the structural response state of the aircraft under the action of flight load according to the structural characteristics of the aircraft;
step 2: according to the simulation model of the aircraft obtained in the step 1, dividing the aircraft structure into m regions R1，R2···RmBased on the typical failure characteristics of the conventional aircraft structure, a simulation model containing n different damage states S is respectively established in each region, wherein R isiThe simulation model contained in the region is represented as Mi,1，Mi,2···Mi,n，i＝1～m；
And step 3: applying typical flight conditions F ═ F of q aircrafts to each simulation model1，f2···fqAnd extracting sensing data information corresponding to the actual aircraft including the measuring points of each simulation model, classifying and reducing the sensing data information according to the acquired information type and magnitude difference and requirements, such as classifying ultrasonic signals, electric signals and strain signals based on characteristicsReducing the order of the directional strain information to reduce the data dimension; the processed sensing information is represented as D, wherein RiThe sensing information of the j damage state of the area under the k typical flight condition is represented as Di,j,k；
And 4, step 4: and combining the damage state and the flight condition of each simulation model with corresponding sensing data information to form a database O ═ damage state S, flight condition F and sensing information D }.
The third concrete implementation mode: in a first embodiment, the method for planning a mission path of an intelligent aircraft based on online sensing includes:
step 1: when the aircraft executes a task, acquiring sensing information of the aircraft in real time, classifying and reducing the acquired sensing information according to the storage characteristics of the sensing information in the off-line damage state library, and expressing the classification as Donline；
Step 2: based on off-line damage state database O and on-line sensing information DonlineConstructing a likelihood function L (S)i|Donline) In which S isiRepresenting the i-th damage state, and then given a priori probability P (S) according to each damage statei) Therefore, the possible probability of various damage states is obtained based on Bayesian reasoning, as shown in formula (1), and the most possible damage state is selected to be inferred as the damage state of the current structure;
the fourth concrete implementation mode: in a first or third embodiment, the method for planning a mission path of an intelligent aircraft based on online sensing specifically includes:
step 1: based on the structural damage state obtained by inference in the step (2) and the total actions possibly executed by the aircraft, under the condition of considering load uncertainty in various actions, predicting the reliability probability P of each action executed by the aircraft based on the Monte Carlo methodi，i＝1，2···l；
Step 2: reliability of given aircraftThreshold value PthWith a reliability threshold PthAnd for constraint, determining the optimal task path by adopting an optimization method in the subsequent optional paths of the task by taking the minimum time for completing the task as an objective function.
Example 1:
based on the invention process of fig. 1, the present embodiment is described by strain information-based online sensing, state inference and path planning of an aircraft wing panel under layered damage, and the specific process is shown in fig. 2 and can be divided into the following stages: step one, constructing an offline layered damage state library; stage two, online reasoning of the structural layered damage state; and step three, a path selection method based on reliability constraint.
Wherein, the first stage comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a simulation model of the structural response state of the aircraft under the action of flight load according to the structural characteristics of the aircraft; in this embodiment, strain sensors in three directions of an array 6 x 6 on an aircraft wing panel, the structural features of the wing panel and the layout features of the sensors are shown in fig. 2, and a layered damage model of the structure under load is established.
Step 2: according to the simulation model of the aircraft obtained in the step 1, dividing the aircraft structure into m regions R1，R2···RmBased on the typical failure characteristics of the conventional aircraft structure, a simulation model containing n different damage states S is respectively established in each region, wherein R isiThe simulation model contained in the region is represented as Mi,1，Mi,2···Mi,n(ii) a In the present embodiment, the aircraft wing panel is regarded as 1 region as a whole, i.e., m is 1. Considering only the layered damage state as a typical failure feature, a total of 20 different layered damage states were modeled, i.e., n-20. Different layered damage states are generated by changing the damage center position (x, y), the damage depth h, the damage length a and width b and the damage area A, and the finally obtained simulation model is M1,1，M1,2···M1,20。
And step 3: applying typical flight conditions F ═ F of q aircrafts to each simulation model1，f2···fqExtracting each simulationThe model classifies and reduces the order of the sensing data information according to the requirement when the actual aircraft comprises the sensing data information corresponding to the measuring points, and according to the obtained information type and magnitude difference, for example, ultrasonic signals, electric signals and strain signals are classified, and the order is reduced based on the strain information in a specific direction to reduce the data dimension; the processed sensing information is represented as D, wherein RiThe sensing information of the j damage state of the area under the k typical flight condition is represented as Di,j,k(ii) a In the present embodiment, the load conditions of the aircraft on the strake under 4 speeds v and 4 turning radii r, i.e. q 4 x 16, are considered. Strain information of 3 directions of 36 measuring points at different turning speeds is extracted by adopting a strain sensor, the strain is classified according to the strain direction, namely the classification number is 3, then principal component analysis is carried out on the obtained strain information in each direction to extract main features, the obtained feature value lambda and the feature vector g are used for distinguishing the strain in a subsequent database, and the integral characterization is D ═ lambda, g }.
And 4, step 4: combining the damage state and the flight condition of each simulation model with corresponding sensing data information to form a database O ═ damage state S, flight condition F and sensing information D }; in the present embodiment, the damage state S is { x, y, a, b, h }, and the flight condition F is { F ═ F1，f2···f16And the sensing information D is { λ, g }, and the damage state library O is { S, F, D }.
The second stage comprises the following steps:
and 5: when the aircraft executes a task, acquiring sensing information of the aircraft in real time, classifying and reducing the acquired sensing information according to the storage characteristics of the sensing information in the off-line damage state library, and expressing the classification as Donline(ii) a In the embodiment, the sensing data of each strain site in the wing plate online flight process is acquired, classified according to the strain direction, and the characteristic value lambda is acquired through principal component analysisonlineAnd the feature vector gonlineOverall characterized by Donline＝{λonline，gonline}。
Step 6: based on off-line damage state database O and on-line sensing information DonlineConstruction ofLikelihood function L (S)i|Donline) In which S isiRepresenting the i-th damage state. Then given a priori probabilities P (S) according to the respective injury statesi) Therefore, the possible probability of various damage states is obtained based on Bayesian reasoning, as shown in formula (1), and the most possible damage state is selected to be inferred as the damage state of the current structure; in the present embodiment, information D is sensed online using a wing plateonlineAnd constructing a likelihood function L (S) according to strain characteristics in the off-line database Di|Donline) And assuming that the prior probability of different damage states S of the wing plate is P (S)i) 1/20, i is 1,2 · 20, the probability of the structure being in different damage states can be inferred by bayesian formula (1):
and 7: based on the structural damage state obtained by inference in the step 6 and the total actions possibly executed by the aircraft, under the condition of considering load uncertainty in various actions, the reliability probability P of the aircraft executing each action is predicted based on the Monte Carlo methodiI 1,2 · l; in the present embodiment, after the stratified damage state of the front fender is obtained, it is determined whether or not the load conditions (6 speed and 6 radius combinations) to which the 36 turning speed and radius combinations are subjected cause further stratified expansion of the fender. The calculation method adopts a Monte Carlo method to predict the reliability probability P of the structure under the combination of the l turning speeds and the radii under the condition of considering the load uncertaintyi，i＝1，2···36。
And 8: reliability threshold P for a given aircraftthWith a reliability threshold PthFor constraint, the time for completing the task is the minimum as an objective function, and an optimal task path is determined in the subsequent optional paths of the task by adopting an optimization method; in this embodiment, a reliability threshold P for the strake is giventhWith a reliability threshold PthAnd for constraint, aiming at the shortest time of the task, and determining the optimal completion path of the task by adopting an optimization method in combination with the subsequent optional turning path of the task.
Example 2:
based on the invention process of fig. 1, the present embodiment is described by using online sensing, state inference and path planning based on resistance information under damage caused by low-speed impact on an aircraft fuselage panel, and a specific process is shown in fig. 3 and can be divided into the following stages: step one, constructing an offline impact damage state library; stage two, structure impact damage state online reasoning; and step three, a path selection method based on reliability constraint.
Wherein, the first stage comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a simulation model of the structural response state of the aircraft under the action of flight load according to the structural characteristics of the aircraft; in the present embodiment, an aircraft fuselage panel is taken as an example for explanation, and in an aircraft fuselage typical panel array 6 × 12 electrode measuring points, panel structural features and sensor layout features are shown in fig. 3, and a resistance change response model of the fuselage panel impacted by low speed is established.
Step 2: according to the simulation model of the aircraft obtained in the step 1, dividing the aircraft structure into m regions R1，R2···RmBased on the typical failure characteristics of the conventional aircraft structure, a simulation model containing n different damage states S is respectively established in each region, wherein R isiThe simulation model contained in the region is represented as Mi,1，Mi,2···Mi,n(ii) a In the present example, a typical panel of an aircraft fuselage is considered as a whole as 1 region, i.e. m is 1. Considering only the impact damage state as a typical failure characteristic, a total of 50 different damage states were modeled, i.e., n 50. Different impact damage states are generated by changing the damage center position (x, y), the impact depth h, the damage length a and width b and the damage area A, and the finally obtained simulation model is M1,1，M1,2···M1,50。
And step 3: applying typical flight conditions F ═ F of q aircrafts to each simulation model1，f2···fqAnd extracting sensing data information corresponding to the actual aircraft including the measuring points of each simulation model, and aiming at the types and the amounts of the acquired informationThe level difference is used for classifying and reducing the sensing data information according to requirements, for example, ultrasonic signals, electric signals and strain signals are classified, and the data dimensionality is reduced by reducing the level based on the strain information in a specific direction; the processed sensing information is represented as D, wherein RiThe sensing information of the j damage state of the area under the k typical flight condition is represented as Di,j,k(ii) a In the present exemplary embodiment, the loading conditions of the aircraft on the fuselage panels at 20 respective pull-up speeds v are taken into account, i.e. q is 20. Obtaining resistance and impedance information D of materials between adjacent electrode sensors, classifying according to the two types of information of the resistance and the impedance, namely the classification number is 2, then carrying out principal component analysis on the obtained resistance and impedance information to extract main characteristics, obtaining a characteristic value lambda and a characteristic vector g to be used for judging corresponding characteristics of a subsequent database, and integrally representing D ═ lambda, g }.
And 4, step 4: combining the damage state and the flight condition of each simulation model with corresponding sensing data information to form a database O ═ damage state S, flight condition F and sensing information D }; in the present embodiment, the damage state S is { x, y, a, b, h }, and the flight condition F is { F ═ F1，f2···f20And the sensing information D is { λ, g }, and the damage state library O is { S, F, D }.
The second stage comprises the following steps:
and 5: when the aircraft executes a task, acquiring sensing information of the aircraft in real time, classifying and reducing the acquired sensing information according to the storage characteristics of the sensing information in the off-line damage state library, and expressing the classification as Donline(ii) a In the embodiment, resistance and impedance information between electrodes in the online flight process of the aircraft fuselage panel is obtained, and the characteristic value lambda is obtained through principal component analysisonlineAnd the feature vector gonlineOverall characterized by Donline＝{λonline，gonline}。
Step 6: based on off-line damage state database O and on-line sensing information DonlineConstructing a likelihood function L (S)i|Donline) In which S isiRepresenting the i-th damage state. Then given a priori probabilities P (S) according to the respective injury statesi) Therefore, the possible probability of various damage states is obtained based on Bayesian reasoning, as shown in formula (1), and the most possible damage state is selected to be inferred as the damage state of the current structure; in the present embodiment, the online sensory information D of the aircraft fuselage panel is usedonlineAnd resistance and impedance characteristics in the off-line database D to construct a likelihood function L (S)i|Donline) And assuming that the prior probability of different impact damage states S of the fuselage panel is P (S)i) 1/50, i is 1,2 · 50, the probability of the structure being in different damage states can be inferred by bayesian formula (1):
and 7: based on the structural damage state obtained by inference in the step 6 and the total actions possibly executed by the aircraft, under the condition of considering load uncertainty in various actions, the reliability probability P of the aircraft executing each action is predicted based on the Monte Carlo methodiI 1,2 · l; in the present embodiment, after obtaining the impact damage state of the aircraft fuselage panel, it is determined whether the load failure of the fuselage panel is caused by 30 pull-up speeds. The calculation method adopts a Monte Carlo method to predict the reliability probability P of the structure under the combination of the l turning speeds and the radii under the condition of considering the load uncertaintyi，i＝1，2···30。
And 8: reliability threshold P for a given aircraftthWith a reliability threshold PthFor constraint, the time for completing the task is the minimum as an objective function, and an optimal task path is determined in the subsequent optional paths of the task by adopting an optimization method; in this embodiment, a reliability threshold P for the strake is giventhWith a reliability threshold PthAnd for constraint, the shortest time of the task is taken as a target, and an optimal completion path of the task is determined by adopting an optimization method in combination with an execution path required by the task.
Claims (4)
1. An intelligent aircraft task path planning method based on-line sensing is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing an offline damage state library;
(2) structure damage state online reasoning;
(3) a method for path selection based on reliability constraints.
2. The intelligent aircraft mission path planning method based on online sensing of claim 1, wherein: the (1) is specifically as follows:
step 1: establishing a simulation model of the structural response state of the aircraft under the action of flight load according to the structural characteristics of the aircraft;
step 2: according to the simulation model of the aircraft obtained in the step 1, dividing the aircraft structure into m regions R1，R2…RmBased on the typical failure characteristics of the conventional aircraft structure, a simulation model containing n different damage states S is respectively established in each region, wherein R isiThe simulation model contained in the region is represented as Mi,1，Mi,2…Mi,n，i＝1～m；
And step 3: applying typical flight conditions F ═ F of q aircrafts to each simulation model1，f2…fqExtracting sensing data information corresponding to the actual aircraft including the measuring points of each simulation model, and classifying and reducing the sensing data information according to the requirement to reduce the data dimension aiming at the difference of the acquired information type and magnitude; the processed sensing information is represented as D, wherein RiThe sensing information of the j damage state of the area under the k typical flight condition is represented as Di,j,k；
And 4, step 4: and combining the damage state and the flight condition of each simulation model with corresponding sensing data information to form a database O ═ damage state S, flight condition F and sensing information D }.
3. The intelligent aircraft mission path planning method based on online sensing of claim 1, wherein: the step (2) is specifically as follows:
step 1: in the aircraft to performDuring service, sensing information of the aircraft is acquired in real time, and the acquired sensing information is classified and reduced according to the storage characteristics of the sensing information in the off-line damage state library and is represented as Donline；
Step 2: based on off-line damage state database O and on-line sensing information DonlineConstructing a likelihood function L (S)i|Donline) In which S isiRepresenting the i-th damage state, and then given a priori probability P (S) according to each damage statei) Therefore, the possible probability of various damage states is obtained based on Bayesian reasoning, as shown in formula (1), and the most possible damage state is selected to be inferred as the damage state of the current structure;
4. the intelligent aircraft mission path planning method based on online sensing according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the step (3) is specifically as follows:
step 1: based on the structural damage state obtained by inference in the step (2) and the total actions possibly executed by the aircraft, under the condition of considering load uncertainty in various actions, predicting the reliability probability P of each action executed by the aircraft based on the Monte Carlo methodi，i＝1，2…l；
Step 2: reliability threshold P for a given aircraftthWith a reliability threshold PthAnd for constraint, determining the optimal task path by adopting an optimization method in the subsequent optional paths of the task by taking the minimum time for completing the task as an objective function.
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